A reconnaissance soil survey and image analysis of Kware town Fringes was conducted to determine the effect of orchard cultivation on some soil properties. Two profile pits were dug and described in line with FAO guidelines for soil description. The data obtained were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. Soils for orchard cultivation were clay loam in texture. The soil units were rated low in OC (1.20 – 10.80 g kg-1), EC (0.01 dSm-1) and bulk density (1.0-1.6 gcm-3). Similarly, all the soil units were also rated high in exchangeable Na (1.47 – 1.54 cmol kg-1) and PBS (95.54-98.74 %). The soil units were classified using USDA and WRB systems. Soils of the study site were high in CEC (15.55 cmol kg-1) and OC (6.70 g kg-1) as such incorporation of organic residues and reduced tillage was recommended to improve their fertility status. Soils of orchard cultivation were slightly alkaline (7.29), as such the soils are suitable for mango cultivation as it falls within optimum range.

Several wave-lengths can be used for an element analysis on atomic absorption spectrophotometry [1]. Et Park et al. [2] wrote that the wave-length of cobalt determination can be changed. So this time the researchers tried to find out the better wave length for cadmium (Cd) analysis. The researchers found that the flat state from the minus to the plus seems to be good for the appropriate Cd analysis (Figure 1). There is another thing for the appropriate wave length; the thing is the pillar near the 228.9 nanometer.

The habit of people disposing of solid waste, especially plastic type waste in the marine environment is the cause of the discovery of microplastic content in seawater. Microplastics with very small sizes can enter the body of marine life, such as mussels. This situation will form the food chain system. This study aims to analyze microplastic exposure through consumption of mussels in communities in the coastal area of Pa'lalakkang Village, Galesong, Takalar District. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The human sample in this study amounted to 30 respondents, and the environmental sample was 20 mussels with tofu mussels. Data obtained by interview using questionnaires and food pictures, weight measurement, examination of mussels samples in the laboratory, identification of polymer types using FTIR spectroscopy, and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively to describe the intake of mussels containing microplastics by the community. The results showed that the average concentration of microplastics found in mussels was 6.7 items/mussels, with Polystyrene polymer content. This proves that people have been directly exposed to microplastics through consumption of mussels. It is known that the average intake of mussels by the community is 91 g / day, with an average exposure frequency of 96 days/year.

Mosquito are small insects, have three pairs of legs, two scaly wings, and a mouth (proboscis) to pierce and suck blood. Mosquito have various characteristics, especially in the morphology of the type of mosquito and their beneficial role for the ecosystem, namely as a food chain and their role that is detrimental to their host with their nature as a vector. This study aims to determine the biodiversity of mosquitoes and its prevalence in mountains ecosystems and beach in Luwu District. This type of research is a descriptive ecological study using an observational approach. The population and sample of the study were all mosquitoes and mosquitoes caught in the villages of Siteba, Limbong, Sangtandung as a mountains ecosystem and Bonepute, Temboe, Babang villages as a beach ecosystem in Luwu District. Data were obtained using the Animal Baited Trap, Human Landing Collection and Light Trap methods, then identification was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University. The results of research in the mountain ecosystem of mosquito biodiversity obtained four genera, namely Anopheles, Aedes, Armigeres and Culex. Beach ecosystems are found in three genera Anopheles, Aedes and Culex. The density of mosquito in the mountains is more dominant, namely Cx.Tritaeniorhyncus, bait for people in the house 4.03 mosquito / person / night and bait people outside the house 4.39 mosquito / person / night. The more dominant biting beach ecosystem is Cx.Tritaeniorhynchus. Insider bait 3.47 mosquitos / person / night, bait outside the house 6.19 mosquito / person / night. The effectiveness of mountain traps obtained 14 species, beach 11 species. Further research is needed in depth information about the distribution patterns of mosquito fauna and their intensiveness in the mountains and beach ecosystems of Luwu District.