Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare and unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis, characterized by the destruction of the renal parenchyma and its replacement by granulomas, abscesses and lipid-laden macrophage collections. Despite clinical and radiological knowledge, it remains a surprise for the surgeon. We are reporting through these two observations the diagnostic difficulties of this condition would lead to an inappropriate treatment as well as to a more severe disease. Observations: Two patients (52 and 57 years old), one of whom is followed fortype 2 diabetes mellitus , were hospitalized for pyonephrosis due to obstructive pyelic and ureteral lithiasis. The pyonephrosis was revealed by a chronic loin pain in a febrile context and confirmed by urogramme showing a destruction of the renal parenchyma, dilated pyelocaliceal cavities with rounded formations of pseudo-tumoral appearance on the lithiasis obstacles. Our initialtreatment consisted of percutaneous nephrostomy under antibiotic covering and secondarily of nephro-ureterectomy without bladder flange performed six weeks later. Histopathology studies showed diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The postoperative follow up was simple in both cases. Conclusion: Xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare, severe and chronic form of pyelonephritis whose diagnosis is always histological. Its clinical picture is no specific, hence the problem is that it poses achalleng of differential diagnosis with renal tumors and urogenital tuberculosis. Its treatment is based on nephrectomy.

A renal artery aneurysm is a dilated segment of the renal artery that is larger than twice the diameter of a normal renal artery. Despite its rarity, the diagnosis and incidence of this entity have been steadily increasing as a result of the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging. Renal artery aneurysms can be clinically significant and potentially fatal in some cases. However, knowledge of their occurrence, natural history and prognosis, whether treated or not, is limited. We present a case of a renal artery aneurysm complicated by hypertension that did not respond to medical treatment and was treated with simple nephrectomy.

A 5-month-old male infant was admitted with the complaints of cough & fever for 18 days and respiratory distress for 4 days. He was febrile, tachypneic (RR-58/min) with SpO2 - 94% on 2 L/min with face mask with left sided restricted chest movement with diminished breath sound. Initially he was diagnosed as left sided pleural effusion. Chest x-ray was suggestive of encysted pleural effusion (left). CT of chest revealed collapsed left lower lobe with pleural effusion and inflammatory changes in left upper lobe. Per operative finding showed pleural thickening, adhesion of oblique fissure, and perforated lower lobe of left lung. And finally infant was diagnosed as ruptured lung abscess of lower lobe of left lung with empyema thoracis. The patient was managed with decortication with segmental resection, and inj. linezolid after getting C/S and recovered.

A 10-month-old male infant was admitted with the complaints of fever & cough for 22 days, respiratory distress for 3 days. He was dyspneic, tachypneic (RR-65/min) with SpO2- 95% with oxygen 2L/min by face mask, HR- 10/min with right sided restricted chest movement and diminished breath sound. Initially he was diagnosed as right sided pneumothorax. Chest x-ray was suggestive of congenital lobar emphysema / pneumothorax with pneumonia (Rt). CT of chest revealed emphysematous changes with multiloculated area in right hemithorax with dense opacited base of lung. Per operative finding showed pleural thickening and lacerated middle lobe of right lung due to abscess. And finally infant was diagnosed as ruptured lung abscess of middle lobe with thickened pleura and empyema thoracic. The patient was managed with lobectomy of middle lobe, inj. linezolid after getting C/S which changed to oral form and recovered.

Adults often complain of back and sciatic discomfort. People and the country suffer huge financial losses as a result of shorter working hours. Before treating these patients, a thorough examination is required. A lack of medical or surgical treatment may aggravate symptoms. The goal of this study is to determine if acupuncture has any impact on the symptoms of PLID. This inquiry took place at Suo-Xi Hospital, Shaan Tower, Chamelibagh, Santinagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A 43-year-old female patient has been experiencing low back discomfort that radiates down her left leg for the last four months. The diagnosis was confirmed with an MRI of the cervical spine. The follow-up research yielded good findings. After suffering from lower back discomfort for the previous five months, the patient felt much better on the second day of acupuncture and the reduced low back pain was no longer existent. Patients with PLID may benefit from acupuncture, according to this research.

Zinc(Ⅱ) induced neurological COVID-19 anti-thrombus formation has been established by that zinc induced inhibitive bronchial thrombosis and modulatory pulmonary thromboembolism are attained, causing COVID-19 activated anti-thrombus activity and leading to COVID-19 anti-thrombus formation. Zinc supplementation affected bronchial mucosal epithelial integrity, both under normal and zinc deficient conditions that there was an interaction between the individual zinc status. The other, zinc ions inhibit COVID-19 lung inflammation and promote platelet activation function that inhibits pulmonary thromboembolism, in which platelets could respond to changes in extracellular and intracellular Zn2+ concentration. Zinc-induced platelet aggregation, low concentrations of ZnSO4 and zinc chelation involve platelet activation and potentiated platelet aggregation, in which Zn2+ plays a major role in the regulation of coagulation that zinc inhibit blood coagulation against COVID-19 infection. Zn2+ can modulate platelet and coagulation activation pathways, including fibrin formation that the release of ionic Zn2+ store contributes to the procoagulant role of Zn2+ in platelet-dependent fibrin formation. Further, zinc may reduce neurological resultings in COVID-19 patients that Zn2+ promotes inflammatory cytokine as a neurodegenerative disorder and the coronaviruses can affect the nervous system through blood circulation, causing neuro-inflammation. Zinc ions can inhibit inflammation, platelet behaviour function, and blood coagulation. Hence, zinc ions promote neurological anti-thrombosis formation during ROS production and excessive oxidative stress against COVID-19 infection. Persistent zinc intake for severe aggravation of COVID-19 has been suggested to be 8–11 mg/day for adults (upper intake level 40 mg/day) and suggesting that a zinc intake of 30–70 mg/day might aid in the RNA virus control. Accordingly, Zn2+ ions-binding molecular mechanism has been clarified that Zn2+ ions may be bound with COVID-19 inflammatory, platelet, coagulation, and thrombus various proteins by Zn2+ ions-centered tetrahedrally binding protein molecular coordination pattern.

Biosafety, understood as a protocol to avoid contagion, illness and death of people, has established itself as a central topic for discussion on the public agenda. The objective of the present work was to explore the perceptual dimension of biosafety. A retrospective, exploratory and documentary work was carried out with a selection of sources indexed to regional repositories. The prevalence of the informative and speculative dimension of biosecurity was established, suggesting to extend the project to other risk scenarios.