Vitamins are examples of micronutrients, which are nutrients needed in very minute quantities. They're crucial to metabolism and keeping tissues working properly. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin deficiencies are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. There was a total of 110 participants: 55 with chronic periodontitis spread throughout the mouth and 55 periodontally healthy individuals. Clinical parameters that were assessed included: Clinical attachment loss (in millimetres) and gingival index (in millimetres). Vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, as well as vitamin E levels in serum samples were measured. Also measured were Beta-carotene and Beta-cryptoxanthin levels. The acquired data was aggregated and analysed using statistical programmes. All periodontal status clinical measures in the periodontitis group were statistically significantly different from those in the healthy volunteers group (p < 0.0001). Vitamin A precursors Beta-carotene and Beta-cryptoxanthin, folate, D, vitamins B12, and E, and vitamin E were all significantly lower in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy volunteers, but the difference was only statistically significant for vitamins B12 as well as D (p < 0.05). Finally, we conclude that serum micronutrient levels, particularly those of Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D, may be modifiable risk factors for periodontal disease. In addition to practicing good dental hygiene on a regular basis, eating a diet rich in the right kinds of vitamins may play a significant part in warding off periodontitis.

High-quality data generated in routine management information systems is crucial for the success of long-term public health programs since inadequate data quality can result in erroneous decisions, leading to wasted time and resources and underperformance of such programs. Data quality is measured in multiple dimensions and there can be important differences in how data are generated and compiled depending on the local context. As data quality is context-dependent, a quality assurance method is needed that fits the local context with adequate validity and reliability. A method and data quality measurement tool were developed using desk reviews, key informant interviews, and a modified Delphi technique. The method was implemented in a case study to measure the data quality at the patient-provider interface of the school dental service in Sri Lanka, giving attention to the diverse characteristics of the data generation process. The method involved an item checklist. The relative importance of item structure was considered during item selection. Weighted averages were calculated to determine the data quality at the patient-provider interface. The proposed method to develop a tool and assess data quality in public health programs could be applied as a guide in similar contexts.

Background: Fear from dental injection among children is considered the main obstacle to the dentist while delivering local anesthesia. So, this study used a pre-cooling technique at injection site and compared it to conventional methods. The study aimed to assess external cooling efficiency on the injections’ pain of at the site of local anesthesia in children had dental treatment. Materials and Methods: The study subjects were 60 children with dental treatment in mandibular region. The study group were anesthetized after cold application of the injection site for 2 minutes, while the control group were administered local mandibular anesthesia after topical anesthesia application. Independent student t-test was used for means comparison. Results: The pain scores were lower in the study group with no significant difference between groups (P <0.5). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the study and control groups on the injection pain, but it was more tolerable by children and easier to apply than conventional topical anesthesia.

Background: Due predominantly to anatomic factors, most maxillary anterior extraction sockets exhibit greater resorption of facial rather than palatal alveolar walls. However, traumatic episodes can result in physical damage to interproximal and palatal alveolar walls, leading to complex deficiencies that can be difficult to manage. The purpose of this report is to describe the use of a two-piece, site-specific zirconia device to augment the facial, crestal, and palatal aspects of a deficient maxillary anterior alveolar ridge. Methods: A 25-year-old male with history of facial trauma presented to the Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Fort Eisenhower, Georgia, requesting replacement of teeth #8 through #10. A two-piece custom zirconia device was utilized to achieve multidimensional augmentation of a severely deficient alveolar ridge. Results: The procedure was well tolerated, resulting in favorable alveolar ridge volume for dental implant placement. Exposure of the device occurred at postoperative week 13. One of two planned implants were stabilized in the augmented alveolar ridge. At the #10 position a palatal dehiscence defect was noted during osteotomy preparation, and additional grafting was required. Conclusions: The custom zirconia device design shown in this report permitted convenient intraoperative packing of bone biomaterial and minimized loss of regenerative space during healing. The protocol relies upon technology that is increasingly accessible to periodontists and has the potential to substantially simplify a technique-sensitive procedure. Envisioned design improvements are presented.

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis requires a high clinical suspicion and rapid diagnosis for initiation of surgical and medical treatment. Due to necessity of expedited surgical treatment, evaluation and impression making by a maxillofacial prosthodontist is rarely possible prior to debridement. Surgical debridement often results in maxillary defects, which can negatively impact speech, deglutition, and respiration. A surgical obturator occludes the palatal defect resulting in improved speech, swallowing and prevention of wound contamination with food particulate. This article focuses on utilizing medical imaging, usually acquired for diagnosis and surgical planning, to fabricate a well-fitting surgical obturator without conventional or digital intraoral dental impression making.

Background: Early childhood caries is a biofilm-dependent, critical, widespread health problem in both developing and industrialized countries. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) has several roles in the body's response to inflammation and tissue damage. TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Aim of Study: The purpose of this research was to assess the salivary concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in children with dental caries and study the correlation between cytokines and DMFs index. Materials and Methods: Eighty children aged four and five took part in the study. Forty children with ECC served as the research group, whereas 40 caries-free children of the same age and gender served as the control group. Clinical parameters were assessed after an oral examination and measurement. All participants had saliva samples obtained. IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in saliva were estimated using an ELISA test. Results: The current study found a significant elevation (P<0.05) in mean levels of TNF-α and IL-6 among children with ECC in comparison to caries free children. Moreover, there is significant positive correlation between IL-6 and TNF-α levels in caries children. Conclusion: Based on these results, it seems likely that elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are involved in ECC.

Background: Numerous biomaterials used in prosthodontics have demonstrated dramatically improved performances after having their scales decreased by nanotechnology from micron to nano size. Contrarily, numerous nanocomposites made of nanomaterials and conventional metals, ceramics, resins, or other matrix materials have been extensively used in prosthodontics because the addition of the nanomaterials significantly improved the materials' properties, including modulus elasticity, surface hardness, polymerization shrinkage, and filler loading. Aim of the Study: In this paper, the most recent advancements in research on the prosthodontic applications of nanometals, nanoceramics, nano resins, and other nanomaterials were reviewed. This review not only provides a detailed description of the most recent related investigations, but also, hopefully, serves as an important elicitation for future studies in this area. Conclusion: Nanomaterials have proven fundamental to the development of basic science and clinical technology in prosthodontics. It demonstrates how the prosthodontic materials' many properties, including modulus of elasticity, surface hardness, polymerization shrinkage, and filler loading, can be significantly improved after their scales were reduced from micron to nano size by nanotechnology.