Zygoma implants, also known as zygomatic implants, differ from traditional dental implants in that they are placed in the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) instead of the maxilla (upper jaw). These implants are used when there is insufficient bone quantity or quality in the maxilla to support regular dental implants. Insufficient maxillary bone volume can result from bone resorption, maxillary sinus pneumatization, or a combination of both factors. In the posterior area of the upper jaw, a minimum bone height of approximately 10 mm is typically required for successful implant placement. When there is not enough bone available, bone grafting and sinus lifting procedures are performed to increase the volume of bone. However, these procedures have drawbacks such as prolonged care, limitations on denture use, potential complications at the donor surgical site, and the risk of graft rejection.

Gingival disease is inflammatory and destructive disease of supporting tissues tooth in pregnant women Alum solution has been used as a medication treatment. The present study investigates the Plaque and bleeding index levels among 20 pregnant women with mean age (29.50±71.14) sharing in the study from different from clinical privet in Baghdad city, The present result display and show the relationship between pregnant women and the gingival disease. In pregnant women included in the study group, the results display decrease of Plaque and bleeding index with the increase of alum concentrations the best activity of alum show in 9 gm/100ml. Also, when increase the time of exposure the subjected criteria decrease. The present experiment included 20 pregnant women with age range between 22-39year sever from Plaque and bleeding among from different private in Baghdad city, the results display significant decrease Plaque and bleeding in the pregnant women with the time and days. Statistical analysis appears significant difference with the probability value (P≥0.01).

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Objectives: Wide range of surgical approaches, both conservative and surgical techniques for the correction of VPI have been described in the literature. Broadly classified into revision palatoplasty and pharyngoplasty, the surgical methodology changes as per needs. Buccinator myomucosal flap is one such flap that is chiefly used in cases that qualify for correction of VPI by palatal lengthening. By this case series and review, we present the treatment algorithm followed in our centre in deciding the suited treatment modality for the best patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: This article includes retrospective analysis of 12 patients who underwent palatal augmentation in our hospital All the cases presented with VPI after primary palatoplasty. Based on specific patient selection criteria, the selected patients were operated for surgical lengthening of the soft palate using bilateral BMMF. The patient was then assessed and compared to the pre-operative state for betterment. Results: All the twelve patients who underwent VPI surgical correction with the bilateral Buccinator‑based myomucosal flap reported improvement in standard of living and were satisfied with the results. Conclusion: Successful treatment outcomes validate the use of BMMF for of VPI are reliable, reproducible, and leads to great outcomes in the management of VPI.

Background: Occurance of black discolouration of teeth is very common and a clinical challenge in the present day dentistry. Stains associated with chromogenic bacteria have a high rate of recurrence even after thorough scaling and polishing procedures. The mechanism of stain formation is still not understood clearly though its chemical composition is mainly iron suiphide and bacteria like actinomyces have been identified in plaque samples of these patients which have the ability to form iron sulphides. The iron content of saliva is known to increase in iron deficiency anemia and iron overload. Iron deficiency anemia is also associated with low hemglobin levels. Aim: To determine the hemoglobins levels in patients with and without black chromogenic stains. Methodology: A total of 40 patients of age group 15-40 years were selected and divided in to two groups. Group ‘A’ (Test group) consisted of 20 patients with black stains on atleast 8 tooth. Group “B” (Control group) consisted of 20 patients without any stains on the tooth surfaces. The individuals were screened for Lobenes stain index, Oral hygiene index and haemoglobin levels. The scores were analysed using chi –square tests. Results: It was observed that there was no significant difference between the haemoglobin levels of patients with and without stains. The oral hygiene scores were found to be significantly higher in subjects with stains compared to controls. Conclusion: The study suggests that the presence of stains were not associated with the reduced haemoglobin levels. The chromogenic black stains were more prevalent among subjects with good oral hygiene.

Introduction: A technique, the "Loma Linda pouch," is introduced for repairing the perforated maxillary sinus membrane during sinus grafting procedures. The collagen membrane is then folded along the lateral access window to form a pouch that surrounds and isolates the graft material. In this review, we planned to devise a modification to the “Loma Linda pouch technique”. This ‘‘hammock’’ approach immobilizes the collagen membrane as far as possible, promotes greater blood supply, thereby increasing vital bone formation. Case presentation: When perforation occurs during elevation of the Schneiderian membrane, elevation of the membrane from the internal sinus walls must be completed. In this approach, plasma rich in growth factors is used as a graft carrier to achieve a more compact and homogeneous bone graft and to avoid particle dispersion. The rest of the procedure follows the classic sinus augmentation approach. Discussion: Ranges of techniques involve repairing perforations that range in size from 2 mm to 1.5 cm. For larger perforations (≥1.5mm), the only reported possibility is the use of a resorbable collagen membrane. Displacement of the collagen membrane is one of the most frequent complications. For this reason, perfect immobilization of the membrane is the key to success. Compared with other methods, this modified approach enhances the fixation of the collagen membrane not only on the buccal side but also on the palatal side of the sinus cavity. Conclusion: This technique achieves stable immobilization of the collagen membrane and, with it, better treatment predictability in future.

Esthetic consideration is an important aspect for special needs patients who have deteriorated self-image with a loss of self-esteem and a lack of confidence in the eyes of others. In this situation, traditional protocol with wax-up and mock-up is difficult and not sufficient to validate the esthetic project because of major difficulties. Another technique is necessary to specify, simplify and take it into account with special needs patients. In this context, this paper presents a new system for final esthetic validation of fixed prosthetic restorations. This procedure uses resin coping carrying tooth wax with ideal form. This system is transferred directly in mouth for trial. It can be modified by the dentist until satisfaction by modeling the wax. After validation, it can offer a good way for the dental technician to reproduce exactly the project validated in mouth on final restoration. Final esthetic validation (FEV) technic is a good methodology to improve the esthetic approach for special needs patients. This procedure is safe, cheap, and ideal to be sure of the patient point of view.