It is well known that Tcheonzamun was created by Chinese people (Han, 1583). However, Park et al., (2021) and Kim (2023) considered that Korean language-speaking people made Tcheonzamun. The reason is that as follows. Tcheonzamun is translated on Korean pronunciation of Chinese character (Kim, 2023), and it was translated on Korean grammar (Park et al., 2021). Therefore, there are two objects for the present work; ‘to do the translation of Tcheonzamun poem’ and ‘to know the origin of ‘Tcheonzamun’. There are several methods for the translation. Kim (2023) utilized the method of Korean pronunciation of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun. The first translation of this study will be done on this method of Korean pronunciation (Kim, 2023). The next is on the second method (Park et al., 2021). Park et al., (2021) used the method of the meaning of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun. And Kim (2023) treated the Chinese character into the simple part. If there is(are) same or similar part(s) on the same line. For example, (945-948 年(Yon) 矢(Si) 每(Mae) 催(Tchoe)) composes a line. There are (人) parts both on 年(Yon) and 矢(Si), and both of the (人) parts will be deleted. The second translation will be done with the remained part (parts). And the range of this poem is (Tcheonzamun 945th-960th). The theme of this research is as follows. 953-956 璇(Seon) 璣(Ki) 懸(Hyeon) 斡(Al). 953-956 璇(Seon)-王-方-亻=疋. 璣(Ki)-王-方-幺-丶-十=幺. 懸(Hyeon)-幺-丿(丶)-心-小=具. 斡(Al)-人-斗(心)-十-(一十)(小)=口. Here, the (一十) parts are similar to the (小) part. The (斗) part is similar to the (心) part. The (丿) part is similar to the (丶) part. Therefore, they were deleted together. My husband! Please make me your wife (幺) to be in full blossom (疋)! In order to do this, please make (具) me your wife to speak (口) freely! 953-956 璇(Seon) 璣(Ki) 懸(Hyeon) 斡(Al). 솔깃 해야! Sol-kit-hae-ya! My husband! Only when your saying is important and interesting! (Sol-kit-hae-ya!). 957-960 晦(Hoe) 魄(Baeg) 環(Hwan) 照(Zo). 흠뻑 하죠! Heum-bbeog-ha-zyo! My husband! At that condition I, your wife, will be glad for my life with you! (Heum-bbeog-ha-zyo!).

French missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that Korean language and Korean people is different from Chinese language and Chinese people. Several researchers studied the translation of ‘the thousand character essay’. The thousand character essay is called as ‘Tcheonzamun’ in Korea. Dallet (1874) described that ‘The thousand character essay’ (Tcheonzamun) was utilized for both Chinese people and Korean people for teaching their children for Chinese characters. It is reasonable that Tcheonzamun is translated through the meaning of Chinese character (Park et al., 2021a; Park et al., 2021b). But it is not be well explained why the Tcheonzamun is translated through Korean pronunciation. The present researcher utilized the book of ‘The thousand character essay’ which had been written by Han (1583). The thousand character essay is called as ‘Tcheonzamun’ in Korea. There are two methods for this translation. The first method is through the meaning of Chinese character. The second method is through Korean pronunciation. Here, in this study, the first method was adopted. And the method of deleting a same part (parts) of Chinese character was utilized. Deleting of same part for the two Chinese character was only on the same line. The line means four Chinese characters. For example, this <033-036 雲(Un) 騰(Deung) 致(Tchi) 雨(U)> is the same line. And the range of this study is (Tcheonzamun 033rd-048th). The title of this work is ‘Augustin, the present researcher, I say to my wife “Hyeonhi, thank you!” (033rd-048th)’. And the range of this is (Tcheonzamun 033rd-048th) of the thousand character essay (Tcheonzamun). The result obtained was described as follows. <Number in Tcheonzamun Chinese characters (the pronunciation on Korean language and written in English alphabet)> 033-036 雲(Un) 騰(Deung) 致(Tchi) 雨(U). 雲(Un)-雨=云 騰(Deung) 致(Tchi) 雨(U) -雨=(nothing). My darling, my husband! You already say to me “I am higher (騰) than you, my wife! And I want to speak (云) solely. Therefore, you must be silently as if you were not (nothing) here any more (致)!” 037-040 露(No) 結(Gyeol) 爲(Wi) 霜(Sang). 露(No)-雨=路 結(Gyeol) 爲(Wi) 霜(Sang)-雨=相. No, it is not so! My darling, my husband! We are married (結), and we are now one. And do you want to continue our life (路) together with me? You and me, I and you (相), we must do our best for two of us (爲) each other. 041-044 金(Geum) 生(Saeng) 麗(Ryeo) 水(Su). 金(Geum)-人=’玉 生(Saeng)-人=土 麗(Ryeo) 水(Su). My husband! You are an ordinary man like soil (土). I, your wife, want to make you to be the splendid man like a precious stone, the jewel (玉), like a shooting star (’). In order for you, my husband, to be such a great man, the water must be beautiful and wise. My dear husband, I am such a wise and beautiful water. I can wash and wash again you, the countrified man. Augustin, the present researcher, I say to my wife “Hyeonhi, thank you!” 045-048 玉(Ok) 出(Tchul) 崑(Gon) 岡(Gang). 玉(Ok) 出(Tchul)-山-山=(nothing) 崑(Gon)-山=昆 岡(Gang)-山=几小. My darling, you were the man who had nothing (nothing) before you met me your lover! I have wanted your success, and I have tried hard to make you such a precious man (玉). My husband, do you want to become such a man? Please make for me, your wife (小), to be able to take out of the vacant and miserable frame (几) of you. You have made the rigid frame for me. My husband, please consider me your wife as the ‘better half’ (昆) for you! My darling, please do not treat me as ‘nothing’ as shown in the first line of this poem (033-036). I, your wife, am wise!

Effective leadership is crucial for establishing the foundation of organizational success. Leaders play a pivotal role in guiding, inspiring, and motivating their teams towards achieving common goals. Effective leaders possess a diverse set of qualities such as strong communication skills, emotional intelligence, adaptability, decisiveness, and the ability to empower and develop their team members. Leadership directly impacts various aspects of organizational success including employee engagement, productivity, innovation, and overall performance. A strong leader can create a positive work culture that fosters collaboration and growth. Organizations can invest in leadership development programs, mentorship opportunities, feedback mechanisms, and continuous learning to nurture and enhance the leadership skills within their workforce. Challenges in developing effective leadership include resistance to change, lack of alignment between leadership styles and organizational culture, and the need for ongoing evaluation and adaptation of leadership strategies. In conclusion, effective leadership serves as the cornerstone for organizational success. By cultivating strong leaders who embody key qualities and continuously strive for improvement, organizations can build a solid foundation for sustainable growth and achievement.

The study grounded in Technology Acceptance Model utilized a descriptive research design to investigate the impact of digital divide among employees engaged in remote work and organizational effectiveness in South-South Nigeria. The population of the study comprised employees working remotely in various organizations across the South-South region of Nigeria. A sample size of sixty-three (63) employees was selected from the study's population using stratified random sampling to ensure fairness in representation across different organizational sizes and sectors within the South-South region. One self-structured questionnaires was used for data collection: the "Digital Divide for Remote Work Employees and Organizational Effectiveness in South-South Nigeria (DDRWEOESSN)". The validity and reliability of the instruments was ensured through expert validation and pilot testing. The reliability index was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, and an index of .852 was realized indicating high internal consistency. Descriptive statistics: mean and standard deviation, were calculated to answer the research questions. Mean scores provided insights into the average level of digital divide, while standard deviation indicated the variability of responses within the sample. One-way analysis of variance was employed to test the null hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The ANOVA Analysis models were constructed to examine the impact between the independent variable (digital divide) and the dependent variables (organizational effectiveness), with the ANOVA coefficients indicating the strength and direction of the impact. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software. The findings reveal significant difference in access to digital technology among employees engaged in remote work, with some employees facing challenges such as limited internet connectivity and access to reliable devices. However, the study also identifies strategies employed by organizations to mitigate the digital divide, including digital skills training, investment in technology infrastructure, and flexible work arrangements. In conclusion, addressing the digital divide not only enhances organizational effectiveness but also contributes to broader societal goals such as economic development and social inclusion. Moving forward, continued efforts are needed to monitor and evaluate progress in bridging the digital divide and ensuring that remote work remains accessible and beneficial for all employees in South-South Nigeria.

It is firmly believed that ‘the thousand character essay’ (Tcheonzamun) was created by Chinese people (Han, 1583). But recently, some researchers tried to translate Tcheonzamun poem in Korean grammar (Park et al., 2021). And further, Kim (2023) insisted that Tcheonzamun poem can be translated on Korean pronunciation of Chinese character. The present research did the translating of the Tcheonzamun poem (Tcheonzamun 881st-896th) on Korean pronunciation of Chinese character of Tcheonzamun. The ordinary method is through the meaning of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021). The second one is extraordinary, and it is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters on Tcheonzamun (Kim, 2023). The present work is done on the second method (Kim, 2023). This is the translating work of Tcheonzamun poem (Tcheonzamun 881st-896th). This translation is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Kim, 2023). And the title of this work is ‘Give me your endless love! My husband! (Tcheonzamun 881st-896th)’. 885-888 顧(Go). 答(Dab). 審(Sim). 詳(Sang). “끝없이 사랑”. Ggeu-deob-si Sarang. I want your endless (Ggeu-deob-si) love (Sarang) for me! My husband! 889-892 骸(Hae). 垢(Gu). 想(Sang). 浴(Yog). “해주세요!”. Hae-zu-se-yo!. Give (zu-se-yo) me to do (Hae) it for me! My husband!.

Traditional culture has a dialectical relationship with sustainable socio-economic development, in which the State’s cultural perspectives and policies play a significant role. The reality of socio-economic development, especially the large-scale financial crisis on a global scale, has posed the need for sustainable development. A series of issues raised is the relationship between growth and development, the elements that ensure sustainable development and the dialectical relationship of those elements; the role of culture, and how to direct and organize practices to ensure sustainable socio-economic development. These are problems that need to be solved by every country in the world, including Vietnam. Studies have shown that State policy plays an important and necessary role in creating a link between traditional culture and sustainable development, and a correct and appropriate State policy will be the driving force for sustainable socio-economic development.

The purpose of this study is to clearly identify factors affecting online teaching management in vocational education institutions. Studies have shown that there are many factors affecting online teaching management in vocational education institutions. However, at each different time, the impact factors are not the same. At the present time, in the context of globalization and international integration, this study has pointed out five impact factors, which are the impact from the current context of the 4.0 industrial revolution; impacts from integration trends, international cooperation and labor market requirements; impacts from policies on vocational education, from management mechanisms and capacity of management staff at vocational education institutions; impact from the qualities and abilities of teachers and students, from the content, methods and forms of online teaching organization at vocational education institutions; Impact from facilities and conditions to ensure online teaching activities at vocational education institutions. Using qualitative research methods, this study shows that factors play unequal roles in the process of influencing online teaching management in vocational education institutions.