The study examined stakeholders’ perception of government roles in civic engagement and community integration. It also examined stakeholders’ perception of government approach towards civic engagement and community integration and determined the influence of variables such as gender and level of education on stakeholders’ perception of government approach towards civic engagement and community integration. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised stakeholders such as Academics, Community Leaders and Local Government Officials in Osun State. A sample size of 260 personnel comprising of 100 academics, 100 community leaders and 60 local government officials were purposively selected based on nearness using convenience sampling technique. An instrument was developed and validated before use. Two research questions were raised and answered, also two hypotheses were tested and verified. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, simple percentages, mean, Independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results among others showed that there was a significant influence of level of education on stakeholders’ perception of government approach towards civic engagement and community integration (F= 1.690, p<0.05). The study concluded that level of education had significant impact on stakeholder perception of government approach towards civic engagement and community integration.

Inflation is one of the major macroeconomic problems facing Nigeria today. Over the years, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has been using monetary policy instruments in tackling inflation in the country. However, the menace of inflation has not been adequately put under control. It is therefore necessary to examine the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments in combating inflation in Nigeria: This study therefore examines the efficacy of monetary policy instruments in fighting inflationary pressure in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examines the impact of reserve requirement, liquidity ratio, treasury bill rate, monetary policy rate and money supply on inflation in Nigeria. Annual time-series data from 1981 to 2019 were used for the study. A variety of analytical techniques such as Phillips-Perron unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and error correction model was used in analyzing the data. The findings indicated that reserve requirement, liquidity ratio, monetary policy rate and Treasury bill rate have no significant influence on inflation in Nigeria. The main recommendation is that there should be a proper co-ordination of monetary and fiscal policies to reduce conflicts in the implementation of both policies.

The discourse makers (DMs) appear with a high frequency in English communication. In terms of influence, DMs play a very important role in language, especially in dialogues. In addition to linking function, DMs also convey many different implications in the different context in which it is used. Within the scope of this article, we present an overview of the discourse markers and focus on analyzing the effect of discourse markers in communication. Since then, this article will present the forms and functions of discourse markers used in the conversation between English and Vietnamese.

This paper reports the findings of an evaluative study on the communicative tasks of a beginner-level coursebook recently adopted at the University of Transport and Communications (UTC). The communicative tasks of a unit of the coursebook under evaluation were first described under Littlejohn’s (1998) framework. Data were then collected from a convenient sample of 62 students using a student evaluative questionnaire, which asked the participants to evaluate the communicative tasks of the unit. Descriptions of the communicative tasks and analyses of the questionnaire data revealed that the coursebook was generally suitable for the target learners. The communicative tasks were particularly useful for teaching vocabulary and reading skills. However, the grammar and speaking tasks did not seem to meet the participants’ expectation of the material. Regarding pronunciation, the students appeared to need further assistance and encouragement from the teacher.

This is the translation of 977th-1000th of Tcheonzamun, and the translating method for poem of 24 characters was through on Korean pronunciation of six lines. 1) ‘Sog’ means the feeling or the mood of somebody. Here, it shows the mind of the Maeg-tribe wife. ‘Dwi-ggeul-heo’ means to boil up. And this line indicates the truly bad condition of the Maeg wife. 2) ‘Bae’ means the stomach. ‘He-tchyeo-zyeo’ means to be dug up or to be dispersed. The meaning of this line is not sure, but it might express the condition of sickness or suicide. The present researchers understand that the Maeg wife might have a serious ill because of her husband… 3) ‘Gol-lo Ga-myeon’ is the vulgar language now in Korea. ‘Gol-lo’ means the deep hole, and ‘Ga-myeon’ shows the to go to some place. ‘Gol-lo Ga-myeon’ indicates the death or to die. 4) ‘Yo’ indicates this with a strong accent. ‘Meong-tcheong-ah!’ cried to the fool or a person of being stupid. The present researchers understand that, here, the Maeg wife expresses her desperate mood for her husband. 5) The present researchers understand that ‘Woo!’ is the voice of crying. ‘Eo-zzeo-zi!’ is the meaning “What shall I do?”. The Maeg wife loves her husband truly, but she looks at this unhappy condition. The researchers know that the real meaning of this line is the deep love of Maeg wife for her husband… 6) ‘Eon-ze’ means the time of some thing or ‘when’. ‘O-nya!’ indicates ‘to come’. The present researchers understand that the true intention of the Maeg-tribe woman does not want to die; she wants to live happily with her husband. The researchers as Koreans, the descendants of Maeg tribe, hope that the couple of Maeg wife and Maeg husband would have gotten happy life. But Tcheonzamun (the thousand character essay), the masterpiece, was written around three thousand years ago, and this is the end of this good poem, the researchers do not know the epilogue of their marriage life. 7) But there is one thing that the researchers can do. “Let’s have happy life as a husband of good wife!”.

This research paper briefly reviews the historical background of the United Sates domestic energy policy and lists all the energy policies enacted from the 1920s to 2009. It then goes on to review some of the methods and instances of interest groups and lobbyists influencing public policy making and even the legislative processes of those policies. The paper proceeds from there by reviewing and analyzing secondary data by investigative reporters from reputable newspapers like the The New York Times, The Washington Post and This Week Magazine on the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The preponderance of evidence presented in those reports clearly points to the fact that the oil and gas industry actually influenced the recommendations rendered by the national energy task force which was headed by the former Vice President, Dick Cheney. However, readers of this paper are free to make their own judgment after reading the evidence presented and the conclusion drawn from a study in Roger H. Davidson et al work titled Congress and Its Members.

This paper aims to discuss the problems faced by Indian students majoring in Korean language while translating the story “The Ropewalker” from Korean to English by analyzing their translation errors and suggest more effective ways to give students guidelines to produce better translation work for different translation situations. For this research paper, 15 Indian students of Korean Language are selected and each is made to translate portions from the novel “The Ropewalker” by Yi Chong Jun. The translated texts are then analyzed thoroughly based on the findings of text linguistics, especially those of Beaugrande and Dressler (1981)’s Seven standards of textuality and discussed. A text can only be called a text if it satisfies all the seven standards of textuality. Analyzing the errors shows that among Beaugrande and Dressler’s Seven standards of textuality, most of the errors are seen in coherence, informativity and acceptability. Lastly, this research was taken up with the hope that it will provide a guide to help avoid such translation errors in the future.