Attitude is one of the key factors that influence student performance in any subject in secondary school education. Bondo has been among the Sub Counties in Kenya with poor academic performance in Chemistry subject and this could be attributed to poor student attitude towards the subject among other factors. This research paper sought to establish and address the effect of student attitude on performance in Chemistry subject in secondary schools in Bondo Sub County. The main objective of this study was based on the purpose of the study. The study was informed by Jean Piaget’s constructivism theory of knowledge and its link to the study was done by a conceptual framework. The study adopted a correlation research design. Questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were used as instruments of data analysis. Quantitative data analysis generated both inferential and descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed continuously using content and thematic issues. The findings revealed that the Pearson correlation co-efficient, r = 0.078 which is a positive correlation between attitude and academic performance in the subject in over 80% of the schools.

Bondo is among the Sub Counties in Kenya with low academic performance in Chemistry subject. This could be as a result of several factors which in turn could be contributing to wastage grades in national examinations in secondary schools in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of academic performance of Chemistry subject on wastage grades in secondary schools in Bondo Sub County. The main objective of this study was based on the purpose of the study. The study was informed by Jean Piaget’s constructivism theory of knowledge and its examination linked to the concept of the study. The study adopted a correlation research design. The population comprised of the 338 teachers and 1 Quality assurance officer in the Sub County. Stratified random sampling was used to identify and place sub groups within the population, purposive random sampling was then applied in each sub group to form the actual sample per school. Instruments of data collection were questionnaires, interviews and document analysis. Reliability of instruments was checked by piloting using test and retest method in 10% of the population that did not participate in the study. Face, content and construct validity was ascertained by experts from the department of Department of Curriculum and Educational Management. Quantitative data was analyzed with aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25.0. It generated both inferential and descriptive statistics such as correlation coefficients, frequency counts, chi square tests, averages and percentages while qualitative data was analyzed continuously using content and thematic issues and presented by narrations and direct quotes, in line with the study objectives. The findings revealed that the Pearson correlation co-efficient, r = 0.078, a positive correlation between attitude and academic performance in the subject in over 80% of the schools. In cases where responses among the categories varied, A Leven’s test was applied to test if the variance in attitude of student towards Chemistry as given by teachers and heads of departments is equal. The p-value is 0.487 and the test was carried out at 95% level of confidence or at an alpha, α = 0.05. The test statistics was 0.112 with 76 degrees of freedom and the p-value of the wider hypothesis is 0.911. At alpha level of 0.05, that is if we wanted to be 95% certain before we reject the null hypothesis, then we could not do this with the p-value of 0.911. Findings revealed that teaching methodologies and resources played a role in shaping academic performance of Chemistry subject. The study recommended that education stakeholders including the school principals should endeavor to provide comprehensive development programs for teachers of Chemistry such as workshops for training on current issues and trends emerging in methodology and instruction so that they are up to date with relevant skills and so as to seal the loopholes and insufficiencies that derail performance of the subject both in internal and national exams. The findings of the study might be useful to education policy makers, education planners and education stakeholders as a whole in improving academic achievement so as to minimize wastage grades in national examinations in Bondo Sub County and in Kenya as a whole.

The global defence budget forms a very important aspect of a country's spending and its whole mechanism. We observe an increasing trend in the global defence budget. This paper aims to examine this trend, the reasons for the same and deeply analyse the impact on the economy, society and the environment of a country. Data extracted from the World Bank database for three countries - the US, India and Nepal have been used to understand the economic impact of these trends by performing simple linear regression analysis, taking military expenditure as the independent variable and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable. The paper also elucidates the issue of terrorism and the dominance of the developing countries in the arms race leading to unwanted social impacts on various government sectors, crowding out their allocation of resources. In conclusion, the paper talks about the negative aspect of the rising global defence budget and some policy suggestions such as peace economy to serve as alternatives because a war not only brings atrocities but the aftereffect of destruction is unbearable.

It is the second translation of this poem(369th-384th) of Tcheonzamun(The thousand character essay). Number of Tcheonzamun(The thousand character essay) Pronunciation of Chinese character in Korean language Chinese character “Modified pronunciation in Korean in English alphabet” “Modified pronunciation in Korean language in Korean alphabet” The meaning of the modified phrase into Korean language. 369-372 In Za Eun Tcheug 仁慈隱惻 “Inza Eoltcheog!” “인자 얼척!“ Now (Inza) I, the mother or the elder sister in-law, am dumbfounded (Eoltcheog!) for the act of my daughter in-law or that of my younger sister in-law! 373-376 Zo Tcha Bul Li 造次弗離 “Zzotcha Buleo!” “쫓아 부러!“ Let’s drive (Zzotcha) her-the Maeg wife- out! (Buleo!) 377-380 Zeol Eui Yeom Toe 節義廉退 “Zeoli Eopdieo!” “저리 엎뎌!“ You, the Maeg wife, go there! (Zeoli!) And turn upside down! (Eopdieo!) 381-384 Zeon Pae Bi Gyu 顚沛匪虧 “Zeonyeon Paebigye!” “저년 패비게“ By this turning upside down I, the mother in-law, can strike hard (Paebigye!) that bad woman (Zeonyeon). Here, ‘that bad woman’ for the mother in-law is the Maeg wife and the heroine of this Tcheonzamun poem. As a conclusion of the first and the second translating methods, the husband must do his best to his wife in order to protect the attack of his mother or his elder sister.

This is the translation of a poem of sixteen letters, 353rd to 368th of Tcheonzamun (The thousand character essay). Here, the translating methods were included. The first method is through the meaning of Chinese character, and the second method is the one through Korean pronunciation for the Chinese characters. 353-356. Kong Hoe Hyeong Ze孔懷兄弟 Koyak Heoze 고약허제!. The root form of “Koyak Heoze” is ‘Koyakhada’, and it is one of stressed form of ‘Koyakhada’. The meaning of ‘Koyakhada’ is ‘bad, very bad’. This phrase is said by the mother in-law or the senior sister in-law of the house. The senior sister means the elder sister of the house. 357-360 Dong GiYeon Zi 同氣連枝 Doggi Nyeonizi! 도끼 년이지!. This phrase is said by the mother in-law or the elder sister. ‘Doggi’ means axe, and ‘Nyeonizi!’ shows the extremely unkind blame or being hate of the mother in-law to the wife. 361-364 Kyo Woo Tu Bun 交友投分 Kyeowoo Doopun 겨우 두 푼! This phrase is said by the wife. The wife says by herself that she is esteemed as a value of only 20 percent; the value is expressed by the mother of her husband. 365-368 Zeol Ma Zam Gyu 切磨箴規 Zeolmeo Tchameulggeoya! 젊어 참을거야! The wife says by herself “I am young woman; therefore I will endure this truly difficult condition!”.

The resistance war of the South Vietnamese army and people against the French colonialists has encouraged the heroic fighting spirit of the army and people throughout the country, opening the way for the victories of the resistance war later, and at the same time leaving many The lesson has profound theoretical and practical significance, including the lesson on building the all-people national defense and the people's war posture and applying it to the current cause of national construction and defense. This study focuses on analyzing the views of the US - from the policy of placing Indochina under the "international trusteeship" regime to the policy of dividing Indochina at the 16th parallel; active British support for the reconstruction of French power in Indochina; the Soviet Union's silent attitude towards France's intention to retake Indochina; France's conservative stance on Indochina issues; thereby drawing lessons on building the all-people national defense and the people's war posture.

Formal education no doubt is a challenging venture. The daunting challenge therein basically lies in the hands of teachers who are professionally tasked to translate stated educational aims, goals and objectives into worthwhile learning experiences. Teachers therefore are the middle men entrusted with the responsibility to bridge the gap between theory and practice. In the course of practice, teachers tend to develop specific notions or opinions about the issues that affect them. And these go a long way to influence the way they relate to certain if not most educational issues. It is for this reason that the study surveyed teachers’ opinion on topical educational issues in Ignatius Ajuru University of Education among which are; academic achievement analysis, student centered teaching and symptoms of learning disabilities (speaking and reading problems). The surveyed teachers were found to have eclectic view of academic achievement analysis, their views towards student centered teaching is quite dynamic while their notion regarding symptoms of speaking and reading problems most especially in the areas of screening and therapeutic recommendation is myopic and requires improvement.