A rapid and stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for determination of L-Carnitine in tablets dosage form. The method was developed on C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm ID) using the mobile phase composition as 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH = 3.2) Methanol: buffer (5:95 V/V). The flow rate was set as 0.9ml/minute and the maximum absorption was observed at 225 nm. The method was validated for specificity, selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The L-Carnitine drug showed a precise and good linearity at the concentration ranges of 70-1120 µg/ml. The RP-HPLC, assay showed the highest purity ranging 99.74% to 99.84 % for L-Carnitine tablet formulation and 99.80 % was the mean percentage purity. The L-Carnitine retention time was found to be 7.7 minutes. The method accuracy was showed by statistical analysis. The developed RP-HPLC method can be adopted for the routine analysis of L-Carnitine pharmaceutical dosage forms in quality control laboratories. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Accordingly, the proposed validated and rapid procedure was proved to be suitable for routine analyzing and stability studies of L-Carnitine in tablets.

Since late of 2019 COVID.19 represent the most widespread pandemic affect the globe , due to its quick spread, rapid evolution of the virus and imbalance between medical research and viral development and progression. Despite presence of several therapeutic protocols and fast synthesis of vaccine to the virus, it still the top problem facing the world. Presence of vaccine to COVID.19 in short time is the outcome of an excellent work of medical researchers, but dilemma observed as presence of abnormal coagulation disorders after usage of certain types of COVID.19 vaccines.Heparin is forbidden for thrombosis resulted from COVID.19 vaccine, simply this is due to inactivated coagulation factor (factor XI) content in these vaccines, which may lead to deactivation of heparin in presence of thrombin and fibrin clot, we recommend to use pentasaccharide danaparoid anticoagulants to resolve vaccine resulted thrombus.

Diabetes mellitus, caharacterized by hyperglycemia, is a major risk factor of kidney disease. The study aimed to determine whether suruhan plant (Peperomia pellucid) claimed to have anti-diabetic properties, can improve renal histological abnormalities in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. Male albino mice (n=25) were grouped into five (5 mice each). Group 1 treated with alloxan at the dose of 150 mg/kg BW (as negative control). Group 2 was given alloxan and glibenclamide of 0.65 mg/kg bw (as positive control). Group 3, 4 and 5 were treated with alloxan and plant extracts at the dose of 56, 112 and 168 mg/kg BW respectively. Injection of alloxan was done 3 times in 6 days and the plant extract was given every day for 35 days. Results showed that plant extract of suruhan significantly reduced histological abnormalities of renal tubular and glomerular cells. In conclusion plant extract of suruhan is potent to be used as anti hyperglycemic agent and diabetes-related complication.

Grape seeds extract has therapeutic values including antimicrobial activity, antioxidant effect, wound healing and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate and compare antibacterial activity of different species of grape seed) Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera and Vitis vinifera( against some bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli). Determine antioxidant effect of grape seed extracts (qualitatively). Antibacterial effects was performed using agar cup cut diffusion method for all bacterial species, followed by using minimum inhibitory concentration MIC for the species showed to be inhibited by grape seeds extracts. Antioxidant assay was done using DPPH scavenging test, methanolic solution of each grape seeds was spotted on TLC paper, sprayed with 0.2 % methanolic solution of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reagent. Vitamin C was used as positive control. From the results, all grape species didn’t have any effect on K. pneumonia and E. coli, red and black grape seeds showed the highest inhibition zone (20 mm) on Staph. Aureus agar plate, green grape had the highest effect on Sterp. Pneumonia agar plate (20 mm). The lowest effect was for the red grape seeds extract (13 mm) on Acinetobacter calciaceticus. In general the three grape seeds extract had effect on Staph. aureus, Sterp. pneumonia and Acinetobacter calciaceticus. The red and black grape seed extract was effective against Sterp. pneumonia strain at MIC values of 7.8 mg/mL and black grape seeds extract had MIC at 7.8 mg/mL on Staph. aureus. However, the test for MIC of seeds extracts for the rest of bacterial species ranged between 15.62 and 87.5 mg/mL. The result showed that black grape seeds extract had the largest spot change in color indicating strong antioxidant effect. The lowest effect was by red grape seeds. From this result black grape showed to be the best grape seeds extract among the three chosen species in its antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy

The objective of the present study was to develop once-daily sustained-release matrix tablets of propranolol used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and many other cardiovascular disorders. The constrained mixture experimental design was used to prepare systematic model formulations, which were composed of Eudragit RSPO and different viscosity grades of HPMC (Methocel E50 and Methocel K15M CR). The matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression process. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various physico-chemical parameters. In vitro release profile was check for 24 hrs to evaluate the SR matrix tablet of propranolol. Increase in Eudragit RSPO and HPMC concentrations or increase in viscosity grades of HPMC polymers (Methocel E50 and Methocel K15M CR) resulted in a significant decrease in propranolol release. Administration of propranolol in a sustained release dosage would be more desirable for antihypertensive effects by maintaining the plasma concentrations of the drug well above the therapeutic concentration. From in vitro dissolution profile, Batch F4 was prepared with blend of Eudragit RSPO (80 mg), Methocel E50 (60 mg) and Methocel K15M CR (80 mg) where drug release was about 98.11%.

Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis affecting millions of people worldwide. Knee osteoarthritis calls for serious medical concern as severe cases/advance stages can impair mobility and lead to a poor quality of life. The objective is to assess the severity of knee osteoarthritis and to determine its association with demographic data. This descriptive consecutive study assesses the severity of osteoarthritis by the use of a questionnaire administered to patients visiting the Orthopedic and Rheumatology Departments of the Hospital. Data collected were entered into Microsoft excel and exported into the statistical package for social science which was used to assess the association between socio-demographic data and severity of the disease. P-value less than 0.05 was interpreted to be statistically significant. Only 209 patients were included in the study and the severe, very severe and extremely severe cases accounted for 17.6%, 23.7%, and 44.0% of the cases respectively. Females accounted for 69.9% of the study participants and they also had more severe cases than males. Sex, advanced age, a high body mass index and co-morbid disease condition (Hypertension) were highly associated with the severity of osteoarthritis (p-value <0.05). The majority of the cases of osteoarthritis were either very severe or extremely severe and these cases were mostly reported by females, older patients, overweight or obese patients and those that have hypertension as a co-morbid condition.

The aim of this study is to determine the protection of ethanolic annona muricata (soursop) leaves extract on cyclophosphamide induced toxicity and oxidative stress in liver of male wistar rat. The healthy male albino rats of wistar strain, after acclimatization for a period of two weeks were randomly distributed to three (3) groups with four (4) rats in each group, group 1 served as control and was feed on pelletized growers feed and distilled water for 14 days. Group 2 served as positive control and was feed on pelletized growers feed and distilled water throughout the experiment (14days), then received 100mg/kg per body weight (b.w.) of cyclophosphamide via injection, and were sacrificed after one day. While group 3 served as test and was feed on pelletized growers feed and distilled water, and also 100mg/100kg (b.w.) of ethanolic leaves extract of soursop for 14 days, then received 100mg/kg per body weight (b.w.) of cyclophosphamide via injection, and were sacrificed after one day. For the methodology, hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes, ALT, AST, and histopathology of the liver were the parameters assayed using biochemical methods. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in SOD activites of wistar albino rats following the administration of cyclophosphamide. However, treatment of rats with cyclophosphamide was observed to have caused a significant increase in MDA levels. Administration of Annona muricata extract was observed to have reversed the adverse effects caused by cyclophosphamide. The results showed that there was a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the enzyme levels compared to the control in albino male rat liver after the administration of the cyclophosphamide. However, administration of extract was observed to have ameliorated the effects of cyclophosphamide induced damage thereby causing the decrease in ALT and AST concentrations. In conclusion, Annona muricata leaves possess hepatoprotective properties and can therefore be recommended for treatment of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.