Grape seeds extract has therapeutic values including antimicrobial activity, antioxidant effect, wound healing and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate and compare antibacterial activity of different species of grape seed) Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera and Vitis vinifera( against some bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli). Determine antioxidant effect of grape seed extracts (qualitatively). Antibacterial effects was performed using agar cup cut diffusion method for all bacterial species, followed by using minimum inhibitory concentration MIC for the species showed to be inhibited by grape seeds extracts. Antioxidant assay was done using DPPH scavenging test, methanolic solution of each grape seeds was spotted on TLC paper, sprayed with 0.2 % methanolic solution of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reagent. Vitamin C was used as positive control. From the results, all grape species didn’t have any effect on K. pneumonia and E. coli, red and black grape seeds showed the highest inhibition zone (20 mm) on Staph. Aureus agar plate, green grape had the highest effect on Sterp. Pneumonia agar plate (20 mm). The lowest effect was for the red grape seeds extract (13 mm) on Acinetobacter calciaceticus. In general the three grape seeds extract had effect on Staph. aureus, Sterp. pneumonia and Acinetobacter calciaceticus. The red and black grape seed extract was effective against Sterp. pneumonia strain at MIC values of 7.8 mg/mL and black grape seeds extract had MIC at 7.8 mg/mL on Staph. aureus. However, the test for MIC of seeds extracts for the rest of bacterial species ranged between 15.62 and 87.5 mg/mL. The result showed that black grape seeds extract had the largest spot change in color indicating strong antioxidant effect. The lowest effect was by red grape seeds. From this result black grape showed to be the best grape seeds extract among the three chosen species in its antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy

The objective of the present study was to develop once-daily sustained-release matrix tablets of propranolol used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and many other cardiovascular disorders. The constrained mixture experimental design was used to prepare systematic model formulations, which were composed of Eudragit RSPO and different viscosity grades of HPMC (Methocel E50 and Methocel K15M CR). The matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression process. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various physico-chemical parameters. In vitro release profile was check for 24 hrs to evaluate the SR matrix tablet of propranolol. Increase in Eudragit RSPO and HPMC concentrations or increase in viscosity grades of HPMC polymers (Methocel E50 and Methocel K15M CR) resulted in a significant decrease in propranolol release. Administration of propranolol in a sustained release dosage would be more desirable for antihypertensive effects by maintaining the plasma concentrations of the drug well above the therapeutic concentration. From in vitro dissolution profile, Batch F4 was prepared with blend of Eudragit RSPO (80 mg), Methocel E50 (60 mg) and Methocel K15M CR (80 mg) where drug release was about 98.11%.

Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis affecting millions of people worldwide. Knee osteoarthritis calls for serious medical concern as severe cases/advance stages can impair mobility and lead to a poor quality of life. The objective is to assess the severity of knee osteoarthritis and to determine its association with demographic data. This descriptive consecutive study assesses the severity of osteoarthritis by the use of a questionnaire administered to patients visiting the Orthopedic and Rheumatology Departments of the Hospital. Data collected were entered into Microsoft excel and exported into the statistical package for social science which was used to assess the association between socio-demographic data and severity of the disease. P-value less than 0.05 was interpreted to be statistically significant. Only 209 patients were included in the study and the severe, very severe and extremely severe cases accounted for 17.6%, 23.7%, and 44.0% of the cases respectively. Females accounted for 69.9% of the study participants and they also had more severe cases than males. Sex, advanced age, a high body mass index and co-morbid disease condition (Hypertension) were highly associated with the severity of osteoarthritis (p-value <0.05). The majority of the cases of osteoarthritis were either very severe or extremely severe and these cases were mostly reported by females, older patients, overweight or obese patients and those that have hypertension as a co-morbid condition.

The aim of this study is to determine the protection of ethanolic annona muricata (soursop) leaves extract on cyclophosphamide induced toxicity and oxidative stress in liver of male wistar rat. The healthy male albino rats of wistar strain, after acclimatization for a period of two weeks were randomly distributed to three (3) groups with four (4) rats in each group, group 1 served as control and was feed on pelletized growers feed and distilled water for 14 days. Group 2 served as positive control and was feed on pelletized growers feed and distilled water throughout the experiment (14days), then received 100mg/kg per body weight (b.w.) of cyclophosphamide via injection, and were sacrificed after one day. While group 3 served as test and was feed on pelletized growers feed and distilled water, and also 100mg/100kg (b.w.) of ethanolic leaves extract of soursop for 14 days, then received 100mg/kg per body weight (b.w.) of cyclophosphamide via injection, and were sacrificed after one day. For the methodology, hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes, ALT, AST, and histopathology of the liver were the parameters assayed using biochemical methods. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in SOD activites of wistar albino rats following the administration of cyclophosphamide. However, treatment of rats with cyclophosphamide was observed to have caused a significant increase in MDA levels. Administration of Annona muricata extract was observed to have reversed the adverse effects caused by cyclophosphamide. The results showed that there was a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the enzyme levels compared to the control in albino male rat liver after the administration of the cyclophosphamide. However, administration of extract was observed to have ameliorated the effects of cyclophosphamide induced damage thereby causing the decrease in ALT and AST concentrations. In conclusion, Annona muricata leaves possess hepatoprotective properties and can therefore be recommended for treatment of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus (sars-cov). So far again, we see the emergence of another outbreak due to a new strain called the sars-cov-2 virus. Sars-cov-2 is extremely contagious and has resulted in a speedy pandemic of covid-19. As the number of cases continues to rise, it is clear that these viruses pose a threat to public health. Swarna bhasma is an efficient dosage form in the ayurvedic treatment. In the conventional system of medicine some molecules of gold are skillful for management of various disorders. The renovation of metallic gold to medicinal gold is an ideal model of promising potentials of pharmaceutical branches of both systems of medicines. Therapeutically gold salts used for the decline in serum immunoglobulin levels and rheumatoid factor titers in rheumatoid arthritis. Gold inhibits stimulation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. They can inhibit the activation of the classical and alternate complement pathways. Gold compounds reduce frequent cell-mediated immune responses to various mitogens and antigens.

Introduction: The most effective treatment for severe acne is isotretinoin. However, it carries major side effects as teratogenicity, dryness, lipid profile disturbance and constipation. Although it is commonly prescribed with and without prescription in Libya, little date are available regarding patients understanding and awareness of isotretinoin. Aims: This study was conducted to explore the awareness of acne patients about the use of isotretinoin. It aims to measure how much acne patients know about the side effects of the drug especially the teratogenic effects, how to deal with them and how the drug influence their daily activities. Plus, to identify how patients get their information about the drug and whether they consult professional or ordinary people. Methods: A verified and validated questionnaire addressed to acne patients (n = 50, Sept. - Dec., 2019) who were under and over 20 years of age in Tripoli city was used in this study. Results: Data shows that acne patients do not have enough information about the drug. They take their information from other patients and do not usually consult doctors or pharmacists. The only side effects that the patients complained from are dryness. In addition, they are not aware that this drug can cause teratogenic effect. Conclusion: A good understanding and awareness the Libyan patients about isotretinoin help in increasing compliance and minimize adverse effects.

Gut microbiota (GMB) occupy the body at birth with the newborn swallowing microbacteria from the birth canal, and evolve with aging. Bacteria make up most of the gut microorganisms and up to 60% of the dry fecal mass. The GMB is consist of of ~100 trillion bacteria, 10-fold the number of cells in the human body. The collective genome of these bacteria (microbiome) is 150-fold larger than the human genome. Whereas, the preservation of normal microbiota is encouraged by lower modulatory levels of controlling T cells secreting IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), which decrease inflammation [22]. In addition, the mutualistic reaction to be related to a variability of regulatory T-cells subsets in a real-life gut flora, inclusive of symbiotic, commensal with the probable to become pathogenic, and pathogenic microorganisms. In that complicated situation, Bacteroidetes species reduce intestinal inflammation and promote regulatory T cells induction. However, these replies support the preservation of self-tolerance, and suggest a key role of probiotics in preserving a healthier intestinal microbiota.