One of the eldest human diseases is tuberculosis (TB), for which there is molecular evidence dating back more than 17,000 years. Unfortunately, TB is still one of the top 10 infectious diseases that kill people worldwide, second only to HIV, despite advances in detection and treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that TB is an international pandemic. It is the main cause of death for those with HIV. In India, the fight against TB has largely been divided into three eras throughout its history: the early era, before the development of x-ray and chemotherapy; the post- independence era, when national TB control programmes were started and put into place; and the current era, when an ongoing WHO-assisted TB control programme is in place. Today's DOTS in India. A new anti-tuberculosis (TB) medication called delamanid, a nitroimidazo-oxazole derivative, has strong in-vitro and in- vivo antitubercular action against drug-susceptible and -resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With intention to propose the most probable mechanism of action of delamanid the docking based computational analysis has been performed against enyl ACP reductase (InhA) as targeted protein. The molecular docking of delamanid with enyl ACP reductase (InhA) showed binding energy (Kcal/mol) -10.86 having molecular interaction Lys165, Ala198, Phe149, Pro193, Met199, Glu219, Pro156, Met103 & Gly96. The concluding consequences of the existing research found out that the chosen molecule highly bounded with InhA thereby inhibiting the mycobacterial cell wall synthesis.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes an associated increase in airway hyperreactivity leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night and early in the morning. Terbutaline sulfate is a selective beta2 adrenergic agonist. It is highly selective for β2 adrenergic receptors and has a long-lasting effect. It is given for symptomatic relief of bronchospasm and obstructive airway disease. Terbutaline sulfate is effective when taken orally, subcutaneously, or by inhalation. Although effects are rapidly observed after inhalation, the use of inhaled sympathomimetic drugs is initially associated with possible tachyphylaxis of resistance to beta-agonists, cardiac arrhythmias due to β1-adrenergic receptor stimulation, and Freon propellants. Raised concerns about hypoxemia and arrhythmia due to fluorinated hydrocarbons in many patient groups, including the elderly, children, the mentally ill, and uncooperative or nauseous patients, have difficulty swallowing conventional dosage forms such as tablets. Swallowing conventional tablets is further hampered by conditions such as water unavailability, allergic reactions, and coughing fits. These problems can be overcome by developing rapidly disintegrating and dissolving tablet dosage forms for oral administration, as they dissolve in saliva and do not require water to be swallowed. When ingested, saliva serves to quickly dissolve the dosage form. A fast mouth dissolving tablet (FMDT) is an oral solid dosage form that dissolves rapidly when placed on the tongue, releasing a drug that dissolves or disperses in saliva and can be swallowed without the need for drinking water. Additionally, some of the saliva-soluble drugs from the mouth, throat, and esophagus are absorbed once saliva enters the stomach, increasing bioavailability by avoiding first-pass metabolism.

The objective research works on cold and ready-to-eat meat products from local markets and how they are affected by external factors and the transmission of microorganisms to them and their reproduction despite their preservation, despite the preservation of these meats in consumers' refrigerators, and how some of these microbes are pathogenic or cause diseases by excreting toxins. The result of our research centers on displaying the total number of bacteria in all samples, identifying the strain contained in these ready-to-eat meats, and comparing them with the permissible limits imposed by most food and drug authorities in the world to preserve the safety of consumers. Also, we test the microbes' sensitivity to antibiotics. The types of bacteria were identified through approved protocols. The total count of bacteria was not in the range of the FDA limits rate, and we found some strains that should not be in the product as E. coli and Salmonella. spp. These strains can cause severe gastrointestinal tract diseases. The results of the Antibiotic test were positive. Only two of the 30 species we identified were resistant to all the antibiotics we used. They were S. aureus. The microbiological quality of cold meats in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is barely within the limits of the FDA. In terms of coliforms, Staphylococcus, and streptococci. So, all the food handlers should receive training to increase the level of hygiene in the supermarkets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

The work is devoted to statistical methods for determining the comparative sensitivity of sterility analyzers with a binary scale: 1/0, +/-. The paper considers both traditional statistical test methods namely the direct binomial test, the McNemar test, and the new, highly sensitive Yefimov Method, and Pearson-Yefimov statistical test. First, the comparative effectiveness of statistical methods for assessing the sensitivity of testers is demonstrated on a specially developed model system (the Test Bench), and then on real experimental data. The data were obtained during the validation of a new tester and a new method for analyzing samples for sterility. The new method is compared with the old one, the certified method. The sensitivity of both new and old methods (testers) was already determined earlier by a direct non-statistical method, which allowed us to compare the results of the two approaches. The factors influencing the efficiency of statistical tests are revealed and described.

Quorum sensing (QS) is cell to cell signaling mechanism that enables bacteria collectively control gene expression in response to their population density, or it is bacterial communicate with one another using chemical signals. There are three types of signaling molecules: Acyl-homoserinelactonase (AHLs), Auto-inducer peptides (AIPs) and Autoinducer-2 (AI-2). Q.S was first observed and described in bioluminescence bacterium V.fischeri.In V. fischeri, several kinds of quorum sensing system were identified. At first, lux system was found and regulates the luciferase operon and light production. LuxIwas isolated as an AHL synthase while LuxR was isolated as a transcriptional activator of the luciferase operon. At low cell density, LuxOrepresses LitR, which is a positive regulator of the expression of LuxR. Quorum quenching (QQ) refers to the mechanism by which bacterial communication can be interrupted, or it is the process of preventing QS by disrupting the signaling.The first major QS-disrupting strategy that has been studied is the interference with the detection of the AIs and the second one is the inactivation/degradations of the signal molecules.

Background: Covid-19 vaccine is an immunization method used to reduce coronavirus incidence but lately caused life-threatening events such as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted at Shendi town to evaluate platelet parameters and fibrinogen levels in vaccinated healthy individuals With Covid-19 vaccines between Augusts to November 2021. A total of (100) vaccinated healthy individual With the Covid-19 vaccine was enrolled in the study as test groups, compared with (50) healthy volunteers as a control group. Venous blood samples were transferred into Trisodium citrate and EDTA anticoagulant. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the (SPSS) version (22) program was used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that the vaccinated healthy individuals were; (50%) male and (50%) female. The platelets parameter and fibrinogen indicated the mean values of platelets count, mean platelets volume, platelets distribution width, platelet crit, and fibrinogen, in Janssen vaccine groups, were (251.14 109\L), (8.39 fl), (15.6), (0.203%), and (158 mg\dl) respectively. The results study revealed the mean of PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and Fibrinogen, in Astrazeneca vaccine groups, were (272.08 109\L), (8.13fl), (15.56), (0.2211%), (159 mg/dl) respectively. Also explained the mean of PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT and Fibrinogen, in Astrazeneca vaccine groups were (272.08 109\L), (8.13fl), (15.56), (0.2211%), (159 mg\dl) respectively and in Janssen vaccine groups the mean values of PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, Fibrinogen were ( 251.14 109\L), (8.39fl), (15.63), (0.2034%), (158 mg\dl) respectively. Conclusions: Covid-19 vaccines are responsible for significant changes in fibrinogen level in both AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccine groups.

The study was carried out to detection of Toxoplasma gondii in (135) women patients with repeated abortion with age ranged 18-43 years who attended two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. The diagnosis is done by Immunochromatography and ELISA methods. a blood samples was taken from each patients as well as other(30)healthy control matching in age. The study included measurement the concentration of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-17, Dopamine and Complement in sera of patients and control .The result indicated presence the of anti-Toxoplasma IgG in 26 cases a, Anti-toxoplasma IgM in 14 cases and 10 in both out of 135 cases of aborted women with Toxoplasma in immunochromatography methods while the level of IgM 1.57 IU/ml and IgG 142.73. Also, the result indicated significant increasing levels of IL-6 and IL-17, Complement and Dopamine in patients sera in comparison with healthy control.