Objectives: To identify some biochemical parameters that help predict LV remodelling after STEMI. By determining serum levels of Resisten and IL-6 in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and apparently healthy controls. Patients & Methods: This prospective case-controlled study was conducted from beginning May 2023 to end of October 2023. This study was conducted on 110 individuals, including sixty-two patients (50 males and 12 females) who had undergone a STEMI and forty-eight healthy control subjects. The information about patients in this study was retrieved from patients' hospital records. The samples were collected from Azadi Teaching Hospital/ Kirkuk on patients with STEMI. Forty-eight of apparently healthy sex and age-matched controls were included in this study. The data were collected from the cases group as (G2) means: From the moment the patient arrives to internal resuscitation and up to 48 hours and at the baseline of the STEMI (ST elevation of the myocardial fraction), and (G3) means: After 4-6 months follow up, These states were also compared to the control group composed of (48) individuals who were apparently healthy. About five ml of blood was collected from the antecubital vein for both patients and healthy individuals in an anticoagulant tube to estimate the Resisten and IL-6 levels. Results: The results of the study showed that the serum level of resisten were significantly higher in group G2 (patients group) in comparison to those of the A1 (control group) P <0.01. The current research demonstrated non-significant differences in IL-6 levels between (G1 and G2), while showing highly significant differences between A1 and A3; this was also applicable for G2 and G3. Conclusion: The current study concluded that there are significantly increasing of Resistin levels in patients in matching to control groups. Also, it was noticed that IL-6 mean concentration levels were lower in A2 in comparison to A1 but higher than in A3.

Background: The kidneys are essential organs that keep blood pH stable and eliminate excess water, salts, and aid in the body's waste removal. Aim of the study: The study aims to investigate the importance of myostatin in the development of diabetic nephropathy patients. In addition, the level of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. Materials and methods: A Case-Control study lasted from- November 2023 to January 2024, at Al-Amal Kidney Dialysis Center and Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate. The 135 blood samples, their ages (25-70), were divided into three groups. The first group G1 (n:50) patients with T2DM. The second group G2 (n:55) with diabetic nephropathy. The third group G3 for control. Serum samples were utilized to measure MSTN by ELISA, blood urea, serum creatinine, S.PO4, S. Na+, S. K+, and S. Ca++ by spectrophotometer. Results: Significant variations (P<0.05) in MSTN were seen between study groups (8.43±4.69, 10.99±7.05, 5.63±3.38) ng/ml. Additionally, significant differences exist between (G1 vs G2), (G1 vs G3), and (G2 vs G3) with p-value <0.05 Diabetic nephropathy G2 had the highest mean urea and creatinine levels (136.69±38.21, 5.99±1.87), followed by G1 (34.92±9.06, 0.89±0.26) and control group G3 (31.00±4.72), with significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) among three groups. Additionally, G1 with G2, G2 with G3, and G1 with G3 had significant differences (p-value>0.01). Conclusion: This study found higher myostatin, urea, and creatinine in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic patients. The data also showed hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic patients.

Dengue fever is a contagion- caused complaint that is spread by mosquitoes. Dengue is an acute viral illness caused by RNA contagion of the family Flaviviridae and spread by Aedes mosquitoes. A womanish Aedes aegypti mosquito carrying a blood- mess from a mortal host through her honker which penetrates the host’s skin. That occurs in tropical and tropical areas of the world. The complaint is now endemic in farther than 100 countries in the WHO Regions, analogous as the Americas, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific islands & also other countries who can suffered these world wide spread complaint. About half of the world’s population is now at trouble of dengue with an estimated 100 – 400 million infections being each time. The severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can beget serious bleeding, a unlooked-for drop in blood pressure (shock) and death. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, nausea, and puking. Treatment for dengue fever includes supportive care, analogous as rest and fluids. The complex pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia and increased vascular permeability in dengue illness is also mooted. The composition give a detailed overview on dengue contagion infection, medium, symptoms, discriminative opinion & prevention & treatment.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) accounts for up to 60% of hospitalized patients in intensive care units and is a widespread diagnosis. Recent years have seen an increase in risk factors for it, including old age, chronic diabetes, and kidney disease (CKD). The definition of acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure, is a rapid decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Nephrotoxicity is mainly caused by drugs and auto-immune-induced kidney injury, which is defined by immune cell infiltration in the tubulointerstitial. Interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are signs of kidney inflammation. Objective: Evaluate the Anti-inflammatory effect of ertugliflozin. Materials & Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were recruited. These rats were raised in an animal house with a special commercial diet and water. After ten days of acclimatization, the selected rats were separated at random into three groups. Each experimental group consisted of ten rats. This study ran from December 18, 2023, to January 1, 2024, and was carried out in the Animal House of the College of Medicine/University of Babylon. Serum samples were taken for measuring IL-1B and TNF-α. Result: The results demonstrated that ertugliflozin provides anti-inflammatory in the treated groups. The two parameters manifest it. Conclusion: The results emphasize that ertugliflozin has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common form of chronic female disease associated with androgen excess; perhaps occurring in 5-10% of the reproductive age group in women. PCOS is viewed as a heterogeneous disorder of multifactorial etiology. It is also associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the serum level of hormones TSH, T3 and T4 in women with PCOS and to investigate the effect of metformin on hormones TSH, T3, and T4 levels in subjects with PCOS. Patients and methods: The present study was conducted at Kirkuk General Hospital and Azadi General Hospital from March 2023 to January 2024.One hundred forty-one women with PCOS were selected as the PCOS group, while 120 healthy women matched for age with the PCOS patients were selected as the control group. The body mass index is determined before and after therapy. They take metformin 850 mg twice daily for three months and provide fasting blood samples on the second day of menstruation before and after treatment. The data collection done through a designed closed and open-ended questionnaire, by using direct interviewing, and Ultrasound examination, Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 7. Results: Treatment resulted in a significant decrease in in body mass index at p-values 0.05. This study reveals that the thyroid hormones TSH, T3 and T4 were highly significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the serum of PCOS patients compared to the control group. Serum levels of TSH in women with PCOS were high significantly elevated compared to healthy control group. However, the study found no significant difference (p > 0.05) in TSH level in treated group with metformin compared with pre-treatment. Conclusion: Metformin can induce changes of TSH levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Currently available diuretics are not completely free from side effects such as electrolyte imbalance and metabolic alterations. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) contained many type of bioactive substances that related to diuretics. This study aimed to reveal and verify the effect of water fraction of avocado leaves extract against output of rat urine. Three different doses of leaf extract of avocado prepared i.e., 91.125mg/kg BW, 182.25 mg/kg BW and 364.5 mg/kg BW. The urinary parameters assessed were the urine volume hourly for 6 hours, urine color density and urine pH. The results showed water fraction of avocado at the dose of 182.25 and 364.5 mg/kg significantly increase urine volume in comparison to the negative control. Urine color density scores varied but did not have a dependent manner that follows the dose levels of diuretics given. However all treatments showed no statistical difference in the urine pH. Thus, it can be conclude that the water fraction of avocado leaves extract potentially for diuretic herb without make significant changes on pH.

Nowadays, Herbal cosmetic is growing rapidly as most women prefer natural products rather than chemicals products for their personal care. Herbal cosmetic contains natural nutrients to improve and provide consumers satisfaction due to relatively fewer side effects compared to synthetic cosmetics. The herbal Cosmetics have been the first choice of the customers, for being more potent, easily available and thought to be less side effective. These were used for food, medicine, or cosmetics. Flower, leaf, fruit, root, bark, inner stem, wood, beans, rhizome, endosperm, bulb, seed or whole plant are used to produce bioactive ingredients Herbal cosmetic are the beauty products, which having a physiological activities, such as smoothening, appearance, enhancing and conditioning properties, because of Herbal excipients. The bioactive components from botanicals contains vitamins, alkaloids, proteins, and terpenoid which serve as cosmetics for caring of body and it’s body part. The Herbal cosmetic contains herbal shampoo, herbal hair conditioner, herbal soap, herbal face wash etc. That’s are used to improve skin appearance. Used in skin care and used in hair herbal cosmetic products avoid the adverse effects such as itching, burning or irritation the skin. Cosmeceuticals is the fastest growing segment of the personal care products these are cosmetic preparations which contain biologically active principles or ingredients of plant origin. In recent years there is an increased demand for the use of herbs in cosmetics due to their mild action and less toxic in nature and they are found to be more effective.