Background: Tramadol is a weak opioid analgesic, which is generally considered to be safe with huge potentials of misuse. This study aims to assess the effect of tramadol in patients with long-term tramadol abuse regarding sexual function. Methods: The participants of the study were recruited from Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Kware, Sokoto State, Nigeria. 50 individuals with a history of tramadol abuse were included. They were assessed clinically, sexuality scale, and sexual quality of life questionnaire-male version. They were compared with a control group of 48 individuals with no history of drug abuse. Results: All the aspects of quality of sexual life were significantly better in the control group than the tramadol abuse group. Conclusion: Individual with tramadol misuse are more likely to experience poor quality of sexual life compared to healthy controls.

The phenology, morphology and biomass production of six velvet bean (M. melanocarpa) accession were evaluated at Bambasi Medicinal Plants Field Gen Banks. The time from seeding to first floral buds ranged from 83-135 days, to first blooms 109-149 days, and to first pods 109-160 days. The six accessions initiated blooming in a certain order, which could be described by calendar days. Five accessions had an indeterminate flowering habit, while one was determinate. Accession number DM00102, DM00103 and DM00105 produced the most biomass and accession DM00101 the least. The petiole constitutes 14% to 23% of total leaf weight. Leaf weight at bloom accounted for 81% of above-ground plant weight in indeterminate accessions, and 69% in determinate accessions. The period from first bloom to first pods spanned 8 weeks. Differences in velvet bean growth habits may be used to stag per planting dates of other crops. Growers may implement a strategy of “one time planting” of several velvet bean lines of various maturation rates each on a fraction of their acreage.

The methanolic crude extracts of some commonly used medicinal plants were screened for their free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The overall antioxidant activity of green tea Camellia sinensis, was the strongest, followed in descending order by Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (Salvia officinalis L.) Showed less free radical scavenging activity with the DPPH method. All the methanolic extracts exhibited antioxidant activity significantly. The IC50 of the methanolic extracts ranged between 7.4 ± 0.1 and 14.9 ± 0.2 µg/ml and that of ascorbic acid was 9.8 ± 1 µg/ml. The study reveals that the consumption of these spices would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant activity.

A rapid and stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for determination of L-Carnitine in tablets dosage form. The method was developed on C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm ID) using the mobile phase composition as 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH = 3.2) Methanol: buffer (5:95 V/V). The flow rate was set as 0.9ml/minute and the maximum absorption was observed at 225 nm. The method was validated for specificity, selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The L-Carnitine drug showed a precise and good linearity at the concentration ranges of 70-1120 µg/ml. The RP-HPLC, assay showed the highest purity ranging 99.74% to 99.84 % for L-Carnitine tablet formulation and 99.80 % was the mean percentage purity. The L-Carnitine retention time was found to be 7.7 minutes. The method accuracy was showed by statistical analysis. The developed RP-HPLC method can be adopted for the routine analysis of L-Carnitine pharmaceutical dosage forms in quality control laboratories. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Accordingly, the proposed validated and rapid procedure was proved to be suitable for routine analyzing and stability studies of L-Carnitine in tablets.

Since late of 2019 COVID.19 represent the most widespread pandemic affect the globe , due to its quick spread, rapid evolution of the virus and imbalance between medical research and viral development and progression. Despite presence of several therapeutic protocols and fast synthesis of vaccine to the virus, it still the top problem facing the world. Presence of vaccine to COVID.19 in short time is the outcome of an excellent work of medical researchers, but dilemma observed as presence of abnormal coagulation disorders after usage of certain types of COVID.19 vaccines.Heparin is forbidden for thrombosis resulted from COVID.19 vaccine, simply this is due to inactivated coagulation factor (factor XI) content in these vaccines, which may lead to deactivation of heparin in presence of thrombin and fibrin clot, we recommend to use pentasaccharide danaparoid anticoagulants to resolve vaccine resulted thrombus.

Diabetes mellitus, caharacterized by hyperglycemia, is a major risk factor of kidney disease. The study aimed to determine whether suruhan plant (Peperomia pellucid) claimed to have anti-diabetic properties, can improve renal histological abnormalities in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. Male albino mice (n=25) were grouped into five (5 mice each). Group 1 treated with alloxan at the dose of 150 mg/kg BW (as negative control). Group 2 was given alloxan and glibenclamide of 0.65 mg/kg bw (as positive control). Group 3, 4 and 5 were treated with alloxan and plant extracts at the dose of 56, 112 and 168 mg/kg BW respectively. Injection of alloxan was done 3 times in 6 days and the plant extract was given every day for 35 days. Results showed that plant extract of suruhan significantly reduced histological abnormalities of renal tubular and glomerular cells. In conclusion plant extract of suruhan is potent to be used as anti hyperglycemic agent and diabetes-related complication.

Grape seeds extract has therapeutic values including antimicrobial activity, antioxidant effect, wound healing and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate and compare antibacterial activity of different species of grape seed) Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera and Vitis vinifera( against some bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli). Determine antioxidant effect of grape seed extracts (qualitatively). Antibacterial effects was performed using agar cup cut diffusion method for all bacterial species, followed by using minimum inhibitory concentration MIC for the species showed to be inhibited by grape seeds extracts. Antioxidant assay was done using DPPH scavenging test, methanolic solution of each grape seeds was spotted on TLC paper, sprayed with 0.2 % methanolic solution of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reagent. Vitamin C was used as positive control. From the results, all grape species didn’t have any effect on K. pneumonia and E. coli, red and black grape seeds showed the highest inhibition zone (20 mm) on Staph. Aureus agar plate, green grape had the highest effect on Sterp. Pneumonia agar plate (20 mm). The lowest effect was for the red grape seeds extract (13 mm) on Acinetobacter calciaceticus. In general the three grape seeds extract had effect on Staph. aureus, Sterp. pneumonia and Acinetobacter calciaceticus. The red and black grape seed extract was effective against Sterp. pneumonia strain at MIC values of 7.8 mg/mL and black grape seeds extract had MIC at 7.8 mg/mL on Staph. aureus. However, the test for MIC of seeds extracts for the rest of bacterial species ranged between 15.62 and 87.5 mg/mL. The result showed that black grape seeds extract had the largest spot change in color indicating strong antioxidant effect. The lowest effect was by red grape seeds. From this result black grape showed to be the best grape seeds extract among the three chosen species in its antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy