The current research addresses Nihilism in the Works of Jackson Pollock, exploring the concept of nihilism in philosophical thought. The research consists of four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the methodological framework, which includes the research problem formulated in response to the following question: 1. Did nihilism influence Jackson Pollock's works? The first chapter also outlines the research objective: 1. To reveal the reflections of nihilism in Jackson Pollock's paintings. The research scope is limited to studying the concept of nihilism in Pollock's paintings and analyzing visual samples of his artworks, which appeared in the United States and Europe, using the descriptive-analytical method. The second chapter presents the theoretical framework, divided into two sections. The first section discusses nihilism philosophically, while the second section addresses nihilism in postmodern art. The second chapter concludes with theoretical framework indicators. The third chapter includes the research procedures, covering the research population, sample, and research tool, followed by the analysis of three selected artworks. The fourth chapter presents the research results and conclusions, along with recommendations and suggestions. The research concludes with references and appendices.

Many researchers underscore the need to study bilinguals and multilinguals by unleashing different methods to fathom full range of its trajectories and complexities including their personal beliefs, policies, practices, values, norms, realities and expectations (García & Lin 2017). This study examines the multilanguage proficiency, practices, and attitudes among Bilingual Jordanians (N=22) predominantly residing in Jordan and trilingual Jordanians (N=26) living in Hungary. The participants answered to an online composite questionnaire that included a subjective overall language proficiency questionnaire, self-assessed language skills (Can-Do questionnaire), a Language Use and a language attitude Questionnaire. Results using the Spss software indicated that overall self-assessed proficiencies in each language positively correlated with the 4 language skills of that language for both participant groups. However, no statistically P significant differences in the scores of overall proficiencies between the two groups were found for Arabic (L1) and English (L2). Moreover, Language use and attitudes patterns revealed that Jordanian trilinguals exhibited greater linguistic flexibility and a more diverse multilanguage use compared to bilinguals, and they showcased a more positive outlook on multilingualism.

This research paper endeavours to examine the manifestations of xenocentric and ethnocentric behaviours exhibited by the immigrant characters within Jhumpa Lahiri’s diasporic narrative The Namesake (2003). It aims to meticulously scrutinize and analyse instances within the storyline where these characters demonstrate attitudes or actions that reflect either a preference for foreign culture (xenocentric behaviour) or a bias towards their own culture (ethnocentric behaviour) within the diasporic context. The paper seeks to delve deeper into these occurrences to understand their implications and significance in the characters' experiences and interactions within the diasporic setting portrayed in the novel. The novel brilliantly illustrates these contrasting attitudes within the diasporic context, portraying the tension between embracing a new culture and preserving one's heritage. The characters' interactions with each other and their surroundings depict the complexity of diasporic life, where clashes between differing cultural values often lead to moments of introspection and conflict. Lahiri intricately weaves these instances throughout the novel, showcasing how xenocentric and ethnocentric behaviours shape the characters' identity, choices, relationships, and sense of belonging in a foreign land.

In the study of prophetic literature, there are three important aspects, namely aspects of humanization, liberation, and transcendence that appear in literary works. These three aspects, which are the pillars of prophetic values, are found in most of the works of Kuntowijoyo, a Muslim scholar, historian, and writer who is also the initiator of prophetic literature. This research focuses on the humanization and transcendence aspects in a collection of short stories Persekongkolan Ahli Makrifat by Kuntowijoyo. The research uses a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The data analysed and described by the content of the prophetic aspects that become the focus of this research. The data were collected by recording sentences from some of the short stories in the short story collection book Persekongkolan Ahli Makrifat. The Data analysed and interpreted based on Kuntowijoyo's prophetic literary theory. This research found that in the short story collection Persekongkolan Ahli Makrifat, there are two prophetic aspects that have powerful messages. These aspects represent a prophetic message about the importance of realizing the balance between divine consciousness and human consciousness in life.

Prophetic, which initially only targeted literary works, developed into an attitude for other domains, including aspects of life. The virtue of prophetic itself is the attitude of humans who must work together to build a better life, fight against things that kill the essence of a human being, and strengthen faith in Allah SWT. Buya Hamka is a figure whose life should be used as a role model because his life has provided many good things for other humans. In relation to prophetic values, this research aims to reveal how the character Buya Hamka in the biographical novel actualizes prophetic values in his daily life. This research is qualitative research using content analysis techniques. The data source in this research is the novel Buya Hamka: A Biographical Novel written by Ahmad Fuadi. The data for this research are novel texts that reflect the actualization of Buya Hamka's prophetic values. The research results show that this novel shows the figure of Buya Hamka who actualizes his prophetic values with the same goal, namely to educate society so that it can escape adversity, oppression and the grip of the colonialists. To realize this goal, Buya Hamka took several steps that were relevant to his background and skills.

This research delved deep into the complex and intricate world of derivational verbs in the Indonesian language, with a meticulous analysis of their structure and formation using the lens of derivational morphology. The study scrutinized the systematic rules governing the creation of verbs in Indonesian, exploring the prefixes, suffixes, and root words that significantly shaped their meaning and function. Through advanced linguistic methodologies and extensive data collection, this research aimed to unveil the underlying patterns and principles governing the formation of derivational verbs in Indonesian. The study delved into the intricate web of Indonesian derivational verbs, examining how certain affixes or combinations of affixes could change the meaning of the root word and create an entirely new word. The findings showed that (1) Indonesian verb derivation used a wide range of affixes; these affixes came in various forms, including prefixes like {me(N)-}, {ber-}, {ter-}, and suffixes like {-kan}, {-i}; (2) the use of different affixes with root words resulted in significant semantic shifts, and (3) the significance of affixation patterns and semantic shifts in Indonesian verb derivation was highlighted, which could be used to develop a structured theoretical framework for future linguistic inquiries. The findings of this research offered valuable insights into the language's intricate derivational system, shedding light on the nuanced processes that contributed to the rich tapestry of Indonesian vocabulary. It contributed to a better understanding of the language's syntax, grammar, and partial linguistic structure.

Justice is fundamental in every nation building process as most nations have prioritised criminal justice system in which criminal sanctions and incarcention are inherent. To operational this form of justice, some nations especially Cameroon have enacted legal texts to ease its implementation notably, the penal code and the New Criminal Procedure Code. Contrary to criminal justice, restorative justice which is based on making amends is a key feature of African culture. This paper therefore aims at analysing aspects of Papiackum Witticism as speech acts to show the relationship between criminal offences and restorative justice. From the theoretical praxis of Functionalism, this paper operates on the premise that in Papiackum worldview, the concept of restorative justice is highlighted via its norms and values when criminal behaviours are proven. The Papiackum is a speech community in the Ngoketunjia Division, North West region of the Republic of Cameroon.