Surgery is considered to be the primary mode of treatment of head and neck malignancies and the ultimate aim of surgical resection is to obtain a tumor-free margin. No uniform criteria to define a clear surgical margin exist among practicing surgeons. This study intends to find the adequacy of surgical margin marking intraoperatively by Lugol’s iodine solution considering the frozen section method for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Intraoperative staining with Lugol’s iodine and Frozen section analysis of margins of the surgical bed was negative in anterior, superior, and inferior specimens in all the cases, except in one case (4.3%), a posterior margin was found to be positive (unstained) for tumor. The chi-square value of the Lugol’s stained margins following resection of the tumor and negative results of frozen section analysis of the same was found to be statistically significant with the P value <0.001. Hence, we conclude that Lugol’s iodine helps in obtaining a clear surgical margin intra-operatively where inter-surgeons bias/judgment errors regarding safe margin can be avoided, especially in cases where the frozen section is not feasible.

Introduction: Peritonitis is an acute inflammation of the peritoneum; it is a surgical emergency in children, as in adults. It is still common in underdeveloped countries because of the delay in diagnosis. There are primary and secondary peritonitis. The main symptom is violent and sudden abdominal pain in children. The objectives were to determine the hospital frequency of peritonitis, to describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects, to evaluate the mortality of peritonitis. This was a retrospective study that took place in the pediatric surgery department from January 2019 to December 2021; using patient records. All patients operated for peritonitis from 0 to 15 years old were included in this study. Results: During this study, we performed 650 surgeries, including 23 cases of peritonitis, or 3.53% of the surgeries. The ages were between 4 and 15 years old, the male sex was predominant, i.e. 65.21%: 15 cases. The average consultation time was 7 days. The clinical signs were dominated by abdominal pain in 100% of cases, asthenia and deterioration in general condition. All the patients had benefited from a biological assessment, the widal was positive in 12 cases. Abdominal X-ray without preparation and abdominopelvic ultrasound were performed in all patients. Abdominal X-ray without preparation objectified 6 cases of pneumoperitoneum, water levels in 10 patients. Ultrasound showed 16 cases of appendicular peritonitis, i.e. 69.56%. All patients underwent laparotomy and we found 16 cases of appendicular peritonitis 69.56%, 5 ileal perforations i.e. 21.73%, 1 perforation of the gallbladder i.e. 4.34% and tuberculous peritonitis confirmed by pathology 4.34%. The postoperative course was simple in 65.21%, parietal suppuration was observed in 21.73% of patients. We had recorded 3 cases of death or 13.04%.

Background: The surgical removal of the kidney, nephrectomy, is not a minor surgical procedure. It is a major endeavor. Indications for nephrectomy range from benign to malignant pathological conditions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children aged 15 years and below who had nephrectomy between January 2016 and December 2020 at the pediatric surgery unit of a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The information extracted included the age of the patient at presentation, gender, and predominant presenting symptom and the pathology (indication), duration of symptoms before presentation to the hospital, time interval between presentation and nephrectomy, operative procedure performed complications of treatment, duration of hospital stay and outcome of treatment. Results: Eighteen (18) pediatric nephrectomies were performed during the study period. There were 14 (77.8%) males and 4 (22.2%) females. The mean age of the patients was 6 years with a range of 3 years to 9 years. Nephroblastoma was the most common indication (pathology) for nephrectomy. Nephrectomies were performed more on the left side than on the right. Simple nephrectomy was performed in all the patients. However, children with nephroblastoma had nephroureterectomy. Surgical site infection was the most common post-operative complication. About one-quarter of the patients expired due to tumor metastasis. Conclusion: Nephrectomy is the optimal procedure for neoplasm of the kidney or non-functional kidney. Malignant kidney tumour (nephroblastoma) was the most common indication for nephrectomy in the present study.

Paranasal sinus osteoma is a rare benign tumor that evolves slowly and can be responsible for ophthalmologic, sinus and endocranial complications. Its treatment, when it is necessary, is only surgical. We report two cases of fronto-ethmoidal osteoma with orbital extension operated in our department, using a para-latero-nasal approach with supra-superciliary extension. Through these cases and in the light of the literature, we will discuss the interest of this approach in the management of ethmoidal fronto-orbital osteomas. Also, we will underline the advantages and inconveniences of other approaches.

We report a case of a 20-year-old female. The patient presented since the age of 10 years, left anterior purulent rhinorrhea, fetid and recurrent when antibiotic treatment was stopped. This rhinorrhea was associated with chronic ipsilateral nasal obstruction and cacosmia.

Background: Computerized tomography scan can show the detailed anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The sphenoid sinus is a very important corridor for the skull base because of its central position. This sinus has a great range of variation and can put structures around at risk during surgery. This study aims to examine the variation of the sphenoid sinus, and its relation to other structures around it, in this sample of Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: CT scans of 122 patients, were obtained, and submitted for examination and measurements, during the period between September 2020 and September 2021. Observation of The sphenoid sinus pneumatization pattern, clival extension, Onodi cell, and lateral pneumatization of SS. As well as the SS measurements including the suprasellar depth, presellar depth, subsellar depth and sinus height. Exclusion was made for those with a previous history of sinus surgery and patients with tumours, sinonasal trauma or sinus fungal infection. Results: This study involved CT scans of 122 patients. The postsellar type of pneumatization was seen in 47.6%, sellar type 35.2% and presellar type 17.2%, while we did not see conchal type in this sample. Onodi cell was seen in 27.9%. The optic nerve, maxillary nerve, vidian nerve, and Carotid artery were protruding into the sinus in (35.2%), (14.8%), (46.8%) and (40.2%) respectively. We noticed that the full lateral type of lateral pneumatization is significantly associated with both vidian nerve protrusion and maxillary nerve protrusion; while right and left optic nerve protrusions were significantly associated with the corresponding side lesser wing type of lateral pneumatization, P - Value 0.001. Conclusion: Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus has a great degree of variation in the population. Each patient has a different pneumatization pattern.

We report a case of a 35 year old male, with no history, the patient presents flat angiomas all over the left half of the face since his childhood. 10 years ago the patient noticed the sudden appearance of tuberous angiomas, that were increasing in number. The patient consulted with our department and underwent surgical treatment. The result was extraordinary and the patient was very satisfied.