The purpose of this study was to ascertain how oral administration of 30% and 40% chitosan nanoparticles on bisphenol-A affected the lipid profile, renal function, and liver enzyme parameters (ALT, AST, and ALP) in white male rats. The liver enzyme markers AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, triglycerides TG, cholesterol TC, low-density lipoprotein LDL, and very-low-density lipoprotein "vLDL" were all significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by bisphenol-A, while the concentration of high-density lipoprotein HDL decreased. While a significant decrease was observed in the parameters of liver enzymes, urea, creatinine, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (vLDL) and an increase in the value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) when treated with chitosan nanoparticles.

The current study this study investigated the postnatal stages of female sheep were taken the ovary of healthy females, the age of the animals was determined depending on formula of milk teeth and eruption age of teeth. Across two age groups: 2–3 months age and 8–9 months age. In the first group (2–3 months), the ovarian structure lacked clear distinction between cortex and medulla, the germinal epithelium comprised a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells, overlying a moderately thick tunica albuginea made of dense connective tissue. The ovarian cortex displayed numerous primordial follicles beneath the tunica albuginea, each containing an oocyte surrounded by flattened granulosa cells. Early primary follicles with an enlarged oocyte and cuboidal granulosa cells were also observed. Occasional secondary follicles appeared with multiple granulosa layers and early thecal differentiation, but no antral cavities, indicating preantral development. The medulla contained loose connective tissue, fibroblasts, and numerous developing blood vessels. In contrast, in the second group (8-9month) which lambs exhibited clear compartmentalization into cortex and medulla. With surface lined by a simple squamous to low cuboidal germinal epithelium underlain by a thick collagen-rich tunica albuginea. The cortex contained follicles at all developmental stages, including primordial, primary, secondary, and Graafian. The medulla featured dense connective tissue, fibroblasts, and vascular networks.

In this study, which was conducted on the Tigris River in Salah al_Din Governorate at five stations (Al_Dhuluiya, Al_Alam, Al_uwainat, Balaj Tikrit, and Baiji) the differences were identified through morphological and anatomical comparisons of the following species: Typha domingensis, Eichhornia crassipes, Nasturtium officinale, using the electron microscope. The study included the anatomy of cross sections of the stem of the studied species .The results showed a difference in the internal structure of the stem, especially in the cortex area, as the cortex in Eichhornia crassipes contained a much larger aerial tissue than Typha domingensis, species, which contained a larger aerial tissue than the Water hyacinth species Nasturtium officinale .The morphological study included the shape of the stem, The stem of Typha domingensis plant is cylindrical and straight, reaching a length of about 1-3 meters, and most of its types are unbranched. As for the stem of Eichhornia crassipes plant, it is short, reaching a length of about 10 cm, while the stem of Nasturtium officinale plant is about 60 cm long.

The study aimed to identify (22)species belonging to the (Cyperaceae )family in Iraq ,the study included determining the environment and distribution of the species, and showed a noticeable variation in their distribution within the Iraqi provinces, Cyperus fiscus appeared widely spread throughout the Iraqi provinces , which appeared in 6 provinces :((MAM ,FKI,LCA,LEA,MCU,DGA), while C.conglomeratus ratt, C.ucheri, Cyperu leavigatus and Acorellulaeviglu were commen species ,with each species spreading to only one province, the other included B.tuberosus dest ,Cyperus rotundus, C.longus, C.difformis L was spread across different Iraqi provinces, the data were entered in a table that included the species under consideration , Iraqi provinces and soil type environment.

Plants exhibit physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular adaptations to maintain growth, development and survival under climate change fluctuations. This research aimed to analyse the secondary metabolites produced in Alhagi maurorum leaves under different environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites were extracted using Ethanol solvent using Soxhlet apparatus. FTIR and GC-MS analyses were applied to detect the metabolites produced in Alhagi leaves. The results exhibit the detection of 24 compounds at different peaks that were produced in the camel thorn that was naturally grown in the field under climatic stressors. These compounds are involved in the metabolic and physiological processes to grow and survive. The research concluded that environmental fluctuations have a direct influence on the metabolic compounds produced in the plant to cope with stressors and differ from the results concluded in the literature. The number and type of compounds detected showed that the leaves exhibit morphological adaptations to cope environment rather than metabolic adaptations compared to other plant parts and compared to the literature.

Muli banana (Musa acuminata) from Lampung requires attention to the availability of phosphate in the soil, as phosphate is one of the most important elements for banana plant growth. To provide dissolved phosphate in the soil, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are needed. Cellulolytic bacteria can provide glucose as a carbon source for PSB. This research aims to isolate and characterize PSB and cellulolytic bacteria from the rhizosphere of Muli banana in Labuhan Ratu district, Bandar Lampung. This research was carried out using soil sampling, bacterial isolation, the selection of potential bacteria, and morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. The results showed that out of 5 isolated PSB colonies, BPF4 and BPF8 had the highest phosphate solubility index, reaching a value of 3. The characteristics of the BPF4 and BPF8 are different from each other. Among the 3 colonies with cellulolytic ability, the isolates with the highest cellulolytic activity index were isolates BS1 and BS7, which had an SAI value of 0.58. The morphological results of each cellulolytic bacterial colony varied. The cellulolytic bacteria showed coccus-shaped cells and were Gram-positive in BS1, whereas BS7 was Gram-negative. There was no spreading growth in the PSB motility test, whereas all cellulolytic bacteria exhibited motility. The glucose fermentation test only showed color change in isolates BPF2, BPF5, and BPF8, with no appearance of bubbles. Almost all isolates tested positive in the catalase test, with only isolate BS8 not showing any foam.

In this study, the development of golden hamsters’ urinary system after birth by assessing morphology, tissue structure, measurements, and cell reactions in both the kidneys and the ureters. A total of 60 golden hamsters were divided into four age groups (7, 14, 21, and 60 days), and examinations were made using light microscopy, morphometric analyses were carried out. The kidneys and ureters of hamsters grew and formed as the animal got older. One week after implantation, the kidney and ureter began forming; in the next 2 weeks, progress in the formation of the kidney and its filters was visible. At the end of 3 weeks, the embryo’s skeleton was fully formed, and by month 2, the organs started to look similar to those in an adult. The size of the bladder increased up to 5.55 mm by day 60, which means it could now store urine properly. There was a major increase in kidney weight, from 0.092 ± 0.005 g at day 7 to 0.471 ± 0.044 g at day 60, while the ureter weight went from 0.002 ± 0.0007 g to 0.090 ± 0.04 g during the same time frame. The kidney increased in length from 7.7 mm to 15.9 mm and the ureter increased from 11.77 mm to 27.61 mm (right side). Widening of the hilus demonstrated greater growth of blood and connective tissues.