The purpose of this study was to remove different concentrations of heavy metal salts Cadmium chloride and Lead chloride by some aquatic plants Elodea Canadensis and Myriophyllum verticillatum for one month. The results of the study showed that the concentrations of the components in the aquatic plants used in the test increased at the end of the study in a different way than those in the control sample.

This laboratory study was conducted to test the effect of extracts of plants, leaves and sepals of hibiscus plant Hibiscus sabdariffa, leaves of Pinus sp and leaves of Eucalyptus Camaldulenis on the mortality of adults southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculates (Fab) with six concentrations (1000, 2000, 5000, 7000, 9000, 10000) ppm / adult and using the solvent (ethanol and distilled water) and the results were noted after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. The study also tested the effect repellency and attraction Extract ethanol & aqueous plants under study against insect adults and after 15 and 30 minutes of treatment. The results showed that there were influential for each plant extracts used in the study of death adults. Results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the toxicity of plant extracts depending on the type of plant and extract concentration, where it was noted that mortality rates increased in direct correlation with the increase in concentration and duration of exposure in each treatment. So, the results showed a various effect in the proportions of attraction and repellency depending on the type of plant extract concentration and time against adults. The results showed that the alcoholic extracts of plants under study super-passed significantly the aqueous extracts on death of adults. And eucalyptus leaves extract in solvents (ethanol and distilled water) outweigh all plant extracts used in the study in their impact on the insect. While the plant extract Hibiscus sepals is the least influential in the insect.

This study investigated the detrimental effects of Xenical, both independently and in conjunction with cinnamon, on the histological alterations in renal tissue of obese male rabbits. The study evaluated the preventive properties of cinnamon extract by analyzing its ameliorative impact on the pathological alterations in renal tissue induced by the drug Xenical. Twenty mature male rabbits were categorized into two groups. Rabbits were administered chloroform anesthetic to induce unconsciousness, after which they were euthanized and dissected to obtain kidneys for pathological examination. Histological analysis of the kidney portion from the control group revealed the usual histological architecture of the renal cortex, characterized by prominent glomeruli and orderly renal tubules. The histological examination of kidney sections from the high-fat diet group was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealing an abnormal renal cortex, significant infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitial space, considerable glomerular atrophy, tubular necrosis, and marked alterations in the glomeruli, characterized by interstitial inflammation surrounding the glomeruli. Histological analysis of kidney sections from the high-fat diet and Xenical group, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealed mild histological improvements in cortical tissue, glomerular atrophy, dilation of Bowman’s capsule, infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and significant degeneration of tubular epithelium. Histological examination of kidney sections from the high-fat diet and cinnamon group, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealed significant histological improvements in renal cortical tissue, including normal glomeruli, normal tubules, slight infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and mild degeneration. Histological examination of kidney sections from the high-fat diet and Cinnamon with Xenical group, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealed several histological alterations in renal tissue, including normal glomeruli with minor atrophy, normal tubules, slight infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and pronounced congestion accompanied by mild degeneration and congestion.

The present study aimed to determine whether there are effects of medical waste incineration ash from hospitals in promoting the growth of fava bean plants. Samples were taken in soil (mixture) and ash in different proportions and placed in boxes according to sample numbers: 1 consisted of 1 kg of soil, sample number 2 also included 1 kg of ash, and sample number 3contained half a kilo of soil plus half a kilo of ash. Sample number 4: a quarter of soil + 3 quarters of ash; sample number 5: a quarter of ash plus three quarters of soil. Before the research was done in the Directorate of Agriculture, Kirkuk, Department of Modern Irrigation Technologies, and Water and Soil Management Division Laboratories, a quantitative analysis of medical waste ash was done to find out the amounts of different materials and compounds in the ash. The analysis revealed a percentage of 0.189% for total nitrogen, 0.087% for total phosphorus, 0.47% for total potassium, and 25.476% for organic matter. We observed normal plant growth when we planted the seeds in soil, but no growth at all when we planted them in ash. When planted in an anvil containing half a kilo of soil and half a kilo of ash, the plant grew successfully, and no seeds were formed. In the fourth treatment, which included a quarter kilo of soil and three quarters of a kilo of ash, the plant did not grow, and on the contrary, it led to the appearance of white spots on the mixture. In the fifth treatment, which included a quarter kilo of ash and three quarters of a kilo of soil, the plant did not grow, and on the contrary, it led to the appearance of blackened soil. It is concluded from the current study that contaminated and hazardous waste should be buried in relation to medical waste, and restrictions should be placed on access to the waste disposal site.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between obesity measured by anthropometric measurements, vitamin D levels, and inflammatory status in Al-Ramadi obese adolescents. Methods: Between April and September of 2024, this study was carried out in the Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Ramadi, Iraq. A total of 60 teenagers were chosen, 30 of whom were obese (14 females and 16 males), and 30 of whom were normal weight as a control group. The InBody Device was used to evaluate anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), waist-hip fat ratio (WHR), visceral fat, body fat, and basal metabolism. Insulin resistance (IR) and vitamin D levels were assessed using the linked enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) method. The Cobas e411 equipment was used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Results: Results showed significantly (P≤0.05) increases in anthropometric measurements, insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β), whereas vitamin D levels showed significantly (P≤0.05) decreases in obese adolescents male and female than adolescents with normal weight male and female. Conclusion: The study concluded that the decreased in vitamin D levels appeared to be associated with obesity, as well as the high levels of insulin resistance (IR), inflammatory mediators and lipid profile that associated with obesity.

Introduction: The increasingly widespread resistance of malaria parasites to currently available anti-malarial drugs has encouraged researchers to search for natural ingredients that are safe and effective in eradicating malaria. Previously, the search for natural medicinal ingredients was performed by exploiting organisms on land. This trend has changed, and marine-derived medicinal ingredients have become increasingly in demand. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) as antiplasmodial agents against Plasmodium falciparum. Methodology: Ethanol extracts of the two seaweeds were qualitatively tested for the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was performed to determine the metabolite profiles of the extracts. The antiplasmodial properties of the extracts against malaria parasites were determined by calculating the percentage of parasitemia inhibition, which was then used as a variable in probit analysis to determine the IC50 values of the extracts. Results: Saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids were identified in the extracts. Hexadecanoic acid (CAS) palmitic acid, and heptadecene-(8)-carbonic acid-(1) were found in both extracts, where asazulene (CAS) cyclopentacycloheptene,1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and dioctyl ester (CAS) dioctyl phthalate were identified only in the brown seaweed extract. Probit analysis in the anti-plasmodial assays revealed that the IC50 values of the red and brown seaweed extracts were 11.067and 10.214µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Given their IC50 values, the red and brown seaweed extracts can be categorized as active anti-plasmodials. Thus, they could be developed as anti-malarial ingredients.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome defined as a group of metabolic disorders that lead to elevated blood sugar levels. This chronic elevation is caused by a deficiency in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, resulting in disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In recent years, diabetes has become increasingly prevalent. Chemically, pharmaceutical drugs are used to mitigate the effects of diabetes and its subsequent complications; however, these medications often come with undesirable side effects, such as weight gain, gastrointestinal issues, and heart failure. On the other hand, medicinal plants can serve as a valuable source of antidiabetic drugs. Dietary restrictions, physical activity, and the use of plant-derived antidiabetic compounds are promoted as effective and safe methods for diabetes management due to their lower cost and fewer or negligible side effects. Additionally, their bioactive components, chemical characterization, and plant-based diets play a significant role in managing both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These approaches can help develop future strategies, such as identifying promising bioactive molecules for diabetes treatment. Natural product-based therapies play a crucial role in treating various diseases, and medicinal plants can be used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes due to their phenolic compounds, many of which exhibit antioxidant properties. Interest in medicinal plants has grown recently, forming the foundation of what is now known as alternative or complementary medicine. This review focuses on antidiabetic and cardioprotective plants, aiming to identify the potential benefits of medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases through safe, cost-effective, and alternative approaches.