This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of graded levels of dietary Atama (Heinsia crinita) leaf meal (ALM) on the growth performance and cost benefit of Starter Broiler chickens. A total of ninety-six (96) unsexed day old of Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four (4) treatments and each treatment was further divided into three (3) replicates of eight (8) birds, each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment which lasted for 4 weeks (28 days). Feed was formulated with different levels of Atama Leafmeal inclusion for the four treatments, as follows; T1, T2, T3 and T4 which contained 0%, 6%, 7% and 8% of Atama leaf meal, respectively. The parameters measured were initial weight gain, final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, total feed intake, average feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein intake and protein efficiency respectively. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed for final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, total feed intake, average feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein intake and protein efficiency except for initial weight gain. The final weight gain, and daily weight gain followed the same trend, T1 (0%ALM) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than T2 (6%ALM), T3 (7%ALM), and T4 (8%AM). For the total feed intake, average feed intake and protein intake, T1 (0%ALM) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than T2, T3, and T4 while T4 was significantly (p<0.05) lower and statistically (p>0.05) similar to T3 (7%ALM). For the feed conversion ratio (FCR), birds fed diet 1 (0%ALM) had the least FCR which was the best followed by T2 (6%ALM) and T3 (7%ALM) while T4 (8%ALM) had the poorest FCR of 5.35. In conclusion, 6% ALM could be included in starter broiler chickens’ diet without any detrimental effect on the growth performance in cases where PKC is scarce.

Abstract: This research was aimed to examine Raffia palm wine prediction based on climatic data in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The secondary sources of data include meteorological records obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Station, and raffia palm wine yield obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture, Uyo. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to analyze climate variables and raffia palm wine yield. The result shows that the best ARIMA model for rainfall for Ikot Ekpene was (0, 1, 4) and (1, 1, 1) with AICC values of 9.912292 and 10.02025 and SC values of 10.00659 and 10.16652. The minimum temperatures for Ikot Ekpene were (1,1,1); (1,1,0) and (0,1,1), and the corresponding AICC values of 1.255038, 1.213633 and 1.271621, SC values of 1.397774, 1.308790 and 1.365917. The ARIMA model for raffia palm wine for Ikot Ekpene were (0, 1, 1) and (1, 1, 1) with AICC values of 12.48799 and 12.34525 and SC values of 13.07993 and 12.48799. The model efficiency was checked using the sum of square error (SSE), mean square error (MSE), Mean absolute per cent error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE), respectively. The results of the various analyses indicated that the models were adequate and can aid future climatic and raffia palm wine projections. The researchers recommended that appropriate climate forecasting and early warning systems should be made part and parcel of planning and development to increase the yield of raffia palm wine, to improve the local dry gin industry.

Background: Biofilm formation is a major challenge in healthcare, as bacteria encased in a protective matrix become highly resistant to antibiotics and immune defenses. Which urgently required a highly attention Objectives: This study investigates the antibiofilm activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and low frequency sonication against multidrug- resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates. Material and methods: Bacterial isolates were identified, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, which were isolated form different clinical samples. E. coli strains were nominated to synthesize the ZnO NPs. Production of the Zn nanoparticles were confirmed using various professional analysis applications using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Results: treatment using 40 kHz ultrasound bath alone showed a 20% reduction in the ability of the K.pneumoniae of biofilm production after 30 min. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) at MIC (12.5 mg/ml) exhibit clear antibiofilm activity 48.68% reduction, while the subMIC concentration revealed only 20.3%., but their efficacy is significantly enhanced when combined with 40 kHz ultrasound, leading to up to 18% biofilm inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae after 24 hours. Notably, sub-MIC below (12.5mg/ ml) of ZnO NPs exhibit a fluctuating effect on gene expression, for several biofilm-associated genes (FimH, K2A( as analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of combined therapy of ultrasound and ZnO NPs as a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative for managing (MDR) bacteria and biofilm-related diseases, with implications for future therapeutic applications.

Abstract: At a concentration of 200 mg/ml the methanol seed extract of L. sativum showed effects against tested bacteria. When tested against the diver's Staph. aureus bacterial strain, L. sativum methanol seed extract produced a 26 mm inhibition zone using a 1 ml solution but no inhibition zone formed when testing E. coli with E. faecelis because of the 0.12 ml extract solution. The research demonstrated that various seed extracts obtained from solvents produced distinct reactions toward gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. A variation in antifungal potential against Aspergillus niger was observed along with extract quantity differences in both antioxidant strength and extract form during testing. A concentration of 1 mg provided the methanol extract of L. sativum seeds with its strongest anti-oxidation effect which produced 91.419 percent effectiveness while the lowest effect was noted at 0.12 resulting in 81.308. The content of active substance in solution steadily lowered while extract concentration decreased. The seed extract exhibited function as an antioxidant. The research evaluates the anti-oxidative effects and antibacterial properties exhibited by elements of the Gc seed.

This study's goal was to remove various concentrations of heavy metal salts, such as manganese and zinc chloride, from some aquatic plants, such as Elodea Canadensis and Myriophyllum verticillatum, over the course of a month. The findings indicated that the concentrations of the components in the aquatic plants used in the test increased at the end of the study in a different manner than those in the control sample.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most common long-term conditions worldwide. He complex persistent disease associated with high blood glucose or hyperglycemia caused by insulin secretion, potency, or both. In this study, the concentration of C-reactive protein was precisely measured and the potential association that might exist between them was explored in T2DM patients. In type 2 diabetics, numerous recent investigations have shown a correlation between CRP and renal impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether C-reactive protein and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are related in Ramadi City residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was Ninety samples, included 40 healthy samples and 50 patient samples, whose ages ranged from 11 to 50 years, were collected from Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Anbar - Ramadi from October 2024 to February 2025. Four ml of fresh blood was drawn by vein puncture with plastic syringe from each patient and healthy human. The blood specimen was shifted to a plain tube, after which the tube was centrifuged for 10 mins at (3000 xg). Serum was then aliquots into several Eppendorf tubes then kept frozen at -20 °C until used. The serum levels of C-reactive protein were determined by the Cobas Integra 400 plus device, and by the color reactions, the serum glucose levels،creatinine and urea were measured Spectrophotometer (Apple-303). The findings of this thesis, based on age comparison, indicated no significant difference between the patient group and the healthy control group. The mean ages of the patient group and the healthy group were 29.80 years and 32.79 years, respectively. The study's findings demonstrated that the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting serum glucose (F.S. G) were considerably greater in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in the group of healthy people, with recorded values of 16.17 ± 2.823 mg/L for CRP and 252.7 ± 109.3 mg/dl for F.S.G. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between sex or age and the C-reactive protein levels in serum and glucose (P > 0.05). Additionally, no significant correlation was found between serum C-reactive protein and glucose levels (P > 0.05). Increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are seen in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and they may have a role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by promoting inflammation.

Abstract: This study evaluated the performance and genetic parameters of faba bean genotypes under potassium foliar application. We used a split-plot design within an R.C.B.D., incorporating three potassium levels (0, 100, and 150 kg.ha) and six genotypes. PO6-O13FB/FL outperformed others in key traits, including plant height (137.62 cm) and dry weight (44.38 g/plant). Potassium at 150 kg/ha⁻¹ significantly enhanced all traits, with the highest interaction values for branches per plant (19.33) and plant height (143.36 cm). High heritability and genetic gains suggest potential for improving faba bean productivity. The genotype PO6-O13FB/FL outperformed others in most traits, including plant height (137.62 cm), leaf area (1659.21 cm²/plant), and dry weight (44.38 g/plant). Potassium foliar application at 150 kg ha⁻¹ significantly improved all studied traits, with the highest values for branches per plant (19.33) and plant height (143.36 cm). The study found that phenotypic variances were more significant than genetic and environmental variances, with leaf area showing the highest increase. All traits exhibited broad-sense heritability, with leaf area having the highest genetic gains. Moderate genetic gains were noted for other traits at various potassium concentrations.