Background: Biofilm formation is a major challenge in healthcare, as bacteria encased in a protective matrix become highly resistant to antibiotics and immune defenses. Which urgently required a highly attention Objectives: This study investigates the antibiofilm activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and low frequency sonication against multidrug- resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates. Material and methods: Bacterial isolates were identified, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, which were isolated form different clinical samples. E. coli strains were nominated to synthesize the ZnO NPs. Production of the Zn nanoparticles were confirmed using various professional analysis applications using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Results: treatment using 40 kHz ultrasound bath alone showed a 20% reduction in the ability of the K.pneumoniae of biofilm production after 30 min. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) at MIC (12.5 mg/ml) exhibit clear antibiofilm activity 48.68% reduction, while the subMIC concentration revealed only 20.3%., but their efficacy is significantly enhanced when combined with 40 kHz ultrasound, leading to up to 18% biofilm inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae after 24 hours. Notably, sub-MIC below (12.5mg/ ml) of ZnO NPs exhibit a fluctuating effect on gene expression, for several biofilm-associated genes (FimH, K2A( as analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of combined therapy of ultrasound and ZnO NPs as a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative for managing (MDR) bacteria and biofilm-related diseases, with implications for future therapeutic applications.

This study's goal was to remove various concentrations of heavy metal salts, such as manganese and zinc chloride, from some aquatic plants, such as Elodea Canadensis and Myriophyllum verticillatum, over the course of a month. The findings indicated that the concentrations of the components in the aquatic plants used in the test increased at the end of the study in a different manner than those in the control sample.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most common long-term conditions worldwide. He complex persistent disease associated with high blood glucose or hyperglycemia caused by insulin secretion, potency, or both. In this study, the concentration of C-reactive protein was precisely measured and the potential association that might exist between them was explored in T2DM patients. In type 2 diabetics, numerous recent investigations have shown a correlation between CRP and renal impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether C-reactive protein and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are related in Ramadi City residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was Ninety samples, included 40 healthy samples and 50 patient samples, whose ages ranged from 11 to 50 years, were collected from Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Anbar - Ramadi from October 2024 to February 2025. Four ml of fresh blood was drawn by vein puncture with plastic syringe from each patient and healthy human. The blood specimen was shifted to a plain tube, after which the tube was centrifuged for 10 mins at (3000 xg). Serum was then aliquots into several Eppendorf tubes then kept frozen at -20 °C until used. The serum levels of C-reactive protein were determined by the Cobas Integra 400 plus device, and by the color reactions, the serum glucose levels،creatinine and urea were measured Spectrophotometer (Apple-303). The findings of this thesis, based on age comparison, indicated no significant difference between the patient group and the healthy control group. The mean ages of the patient group and the healthy group were 29.80 years and 32.79 years, respectively. The study's findings demonstrated that the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting serum glucose (F.S. G) were considerably greater in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in the group of healthy people, with recorded values of 16.17 ± 2.823 mg/L for CRP and 252.7 ± 109.3 mg/dl for F.S.G. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between sex or age and the C-reactive protein levels in serum and glucose (P > 0.05). Additionally, no significant correlation was found between serum C-reactive protein and glucose levels (P > 0.05). Increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are seen in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and they may have a role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by promoting inflammation.

Abstract: This study evaluated the performance and genetic parameters of faba bean genotypes under potassium foliar application. We used a split-plot design within an R.C.B.D., incorporating three potassium levels (0, 100, and 150 kg.ha) and six genotypes. PO6-O13FB/FL outperformed others in key traits, including plant height (137.62 cm) and dry weight (44.38 g/plant). Potassium at 150 kg/ha⁻¹ significantly enhanced all traits, with the highest interaction values for branches per plant (19.33) and plant height (143.36 cm). High heritability and genetic gains suggest potential for improving faba bean productivity. The genotype PO6-O13FB/FL outperformed others in most traits, including plant height (137.62 cm), leaf area (1659.21 cm²/plant), and dry weight (44.38 g/plant). Potassium foliar application at 150 kg ha⁻¹ significantly improved all studied traits, with the highest values for branches per plant (19.33) and plant height (143.36 cm). The study found that phenotypic variances were more significant than genetic and environmental variances, with leaf area showing the highest increase. All traits exhibited broad-sense heritability, with leaf area having the highest genetic gains. Moderate genetic gains were noted for other traits at various potassium concentrations.

Vitamin D is a crucial element in the body that plays a pivotal role in health and disease, and it can be obtained either through food or direct exposure to sunlight. This study aimed to detect the histological effect of vitamin D3 overdose on liver and kidney tissues. The experiment included sixteen female rats which were distributed into four groups, each group containing 4 rats, Group1: control was given only olives oil Group2: 0.5ml of D3 + 9.5ml olives oil, Group3: 1ml D3+9ml olives oil Group4: 2ml D3+8ml olives oil, the experiment continued for30days, After end the period, the rats were sacrificed and obtained the organs. The results showed High doses of Vitamin D3 can cause pathological histological changes in the liver and kidneys due to increased calcium deposition and inflammatory effects. The most elevations were in group 4 which was considered high dose. This elevation included: Tubular Calcification and tubular Degeneration, of the kidney, and for the liver the results showed Congestion of Liver Blood Vessels and Hepatocellular Degeneration.

Several types of medical substances derive from natural origins. The present pharmaceutical market contains fifty percent of drugs which derive from plants or utilize natural substances as their active components. Natural approaches became more widespread through the urgent need for new medical solutions to health problems. The selectivity levels proved superior when natural chemicals were used to target antibiotic-resistant bacteria and cancer cells when compared to artificial chemicals. The research investigated two aspects of antioxidant properties that included Singlet Oxygen Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging through examination of Thymus vulgaris and Piper nigrum. Screening of Its Main Constitutes Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Technique. FT-IR peak values of solid analysis of Thymus vulgaris [669.30 and 684.73 Strong, C-Cl, alkyl halides], [827.46, 873.75, 927.76 Strong, =C–H, Alkenes], [1010.70, 1236.37, 1313.52 Strong, C-F, alkyl halides], [1417.68, Medium, C=C, Stretch, Aromatic], [1604.77, Bending, N-H, Stretch, Amide], [2918.30, Strong, C-H, Stretch, Alkane], [3269.34, Bending, N-H, Stretch, Amide]. FT-IR peak values of solid analysis of Piper nigrum [667.37, Strong, C-Cl, alkyl halides], [873.75, 921.97, Strong, =C–H, Alkenes], [1026.13, 1026.13, 1139.93, 1234.44, 1317.38, 1379.10 Strong, C-F, alkyl halides], [1415.75, 1519.91, 1598.99 Medium, C=C, Aromatic], [1740.72, Strong, C=O, Aldehyde], [2852.72, Strong, C-H, Alkane]. Antioxidant Properties [Singlet Radical Scavenging] of Crude (methanolic extract), Ethanol, Water and Lipoic acid (standard) of Thymus vulgaris recorded 62.05 ± 4.49, 48.17 ± 2.99, 59.08 ± 3.97 and 39.00 ± 1.26 respectively and recorded 58.96 ± 4.05, 45.00 ± 2.08, 55.97 ± 3.00 and 34.81 ± 1.09 for Piper nigrum while Antioxidant activity [Nitric oxide radical scavenging] of Crude (methanolic extract), Ethanol, Water and curcumin (standard) of Thymus vulgaris recorded 41.97 ± 2.04, 37.16 ± 2.03, 54.00 ± 2.99 and 89.17 ± 7.22 respectively and recorded 45.00 ± 2.19, 39.08 ± 2.14, 60.27 ± 3.89 and 96.13 ± 7.81 respectively for Piper nigrum. Thorough scientific studies should explore the medical and pharmaceutical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris and Piper nigrum since the plant demonstrates multiple treatment applications in medicine.

In Indonesia Planococcus citri is a species mealybug that infects robusta coffee berries, that are very detrimental for farmers. However, the use of chemical pesticides is known to have negative impacts on health and environment so that the search for natural insecticides is continuously being carried out. This study aims to determine the insecticidal effect of citronella plant (Cymbopogon nardus L.) extract against the mealybugs. Citronella extract was screened for its phytochemical content and then divided into several concentration levels, namely 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% sequentially. The adult females of mealybug feeding on coffee berries, were chosen as the test animal in this study. Coffee berries were soaked in treatment solution for 10 minutes. After being air-dried, the coffee berries were put into glass jars and then infested with 10 imago mealybugs. The treatment was conducted for12th, 24th, 48th and 72th hours. Lethality rate of the insect then noted and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the extract was determined using probit analysis. The results showed that plant extract of citronella contain flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, phenolic, and terpenoid. The death rate of mealybugs increased with increasing concentration of extract. The median concentration of citronella extract on mealybugs also decreased with increasing exposure time, namely: 20.2, 12.4, 7.6, and 5.3% for exposure times of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that citronella extract has slightly toxic properties and can be developed as a botanical insecticide for mealybug pests.