Vicia faba (faba bean) is a globally significant cool-season grain legume valued for its high protein content, nitrogen-fixing capacity, and adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions. However, abiotic stresses, particularly soil salinization, severely constrain its productivity. Transcription factors of the WRKY superfamily play pivotal roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress, including salt tolerance. This study presents an integrated bioinformatics pipeline to identify, characterize, and analyze putative salt stress-responsive WRKY genes in V. faba. Using Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY8 (UniProt: Q9FL26) as a reference, we performed homology-based screening against the V. faba genome via Ensembl Plants BLAST. Candidate sequences underwent rigorous physicochemical profiling (ProtParam), conserved domain analysis (NCBI-CDD), motif elucidation (MEME Suite), phylogenetic reconstruction (MEGA), gene structure visualization (GSDS), and subcellular localization prediction (WoLF PSORT). Iterative filtering based on domain architecture and motif conservation yielded a high-confidence set of WRKY candidates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diversification across Groups I, II, and III, with evidence of legume-specific expansion. The majority of candidates exhibited predicted nuclear localization, acidic to mildly basic isoelectric points, and thermostable aliphatic indices consistent with transcriptional regulatory functions. Gene structural analysis revealed intron-exon architectural diversity, suggesting evolutionary divergence and potential alternative splicing regulation. This work establishes a foundational genomic framework for understanding WRKY-mediated salt stress signaling in faba bean and identifies candidate targets for future functional validation and translational breeding toward salinity-tolerant cultivars.

Any thyroid dysfunction has broad systemic effects, extending beyond mere hormonal imbalances to include inflammatory and immune responses. This study aimed to assess thyroid hormons and C-reactive proteins (CRP) in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, comparing them to a control group of healthy individuals. Materials and methods: This study was conducted between June and October 2025, and included 90 participants (30 with hyperthyroidism, 30 with hypothyroidism, and 30 healthy individuals as a control group). The results showed significant differences in thyroid hormone levels between the two patient groups and the control group. Hyperthyroid patients showed a marked decrease in T3 and T4 levels (p < 0.001). While decrease in hypothyroidism patients. CRP levels were significantly higher in both hyperthyroid (27.87 ± 22.12 mg/dL) and hypothyroid (24.06 ± 23.08 mg/dL) patients as compared to the control group (0.38 ± 0.52 mg/dL). Conclusion: The present study concluded increase T4, T3 in hyperthyroid patients, while decrease in hypothyroidism patients. CRP levels were significantly higher in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients as compared to the control group.

Background: In recent years, green nanotechnology has proven to be as a viable way to create metallic nanoparticles with the use of phytochemicals. Objective: This paper aims to explore bacterial synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with plant extracts of Angelica glauca and Paeonia suffruticosa and characterize their properties, structure, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer. Methodology: The silver nanoparticles were synthesized through plant-based reduction of silver nitrate and characterized by several technologies. Agar-well diffusion assay was used in order to determine the antimicrobial activity whereas the anticancer activity on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was evaluated. Results: GC-MS study of Paeonia suffruticosa extract identified several of bioactive phytochemicals. The findings revealed the change of color of light yellow to dark brown, which indicated the creation of silver nanoparticles. Spectrophotometric analysis indicated the formation of these nanoparticles as it yielded the absorption peak at around 420-440 nm. The existence of intense, broad (FTIR) peaks was a good testament to the existence of hydroxyl (OH) groups as well. The SEM and TEM obtained results indicated that a majority of the synthesized nanoparticles had an angular spherical shape and was between the 30 and 98 nm sizes. Plant-based silver nanoparticles have demonstrated antibacterial effects superior to crude extracts on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in bioactivity assays. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles prepared with extracts of Angelica glauca and Paeonia suffruticosa roots are attractive multifunctional nanomaterials with strong antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Their characteristics indicate that they are promising to biomedical and pharmaceutical applications in the future.

Background: Recurrent Miscarriage (RM) or Recurrent Pregnancy Loss is a complex reproductive issue that can be influenced by multiple risk factors including; Genetic, Anatomical, Endocrine, Immune System Thrombotic and Environmental factors. As such, the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Insertion/Deletion (I/D) Polymorphism in Intron 16 has been considered as one of the possible genetic risk factors for RM because the D allele is associated with increased ACE Activity and could affect blood vessel constriction, Placenta Blood Flow and Pathways related to Thrombosis. Objective: To assess if there is an association between the ACE I/D genetic polymorphism and RM in a group of Iraqi women. Methods: Samples of EDTA blood were collected from women who had experienced RM but had been sent to have their thrombophilias assessed and from women who did not have a history of RM. Peripheral blood genomic DNA was isolated. Following DNA quality assessments, we genotyped for the ACE I/D genetic polymorphism by PCR using 14 RM samples and 8 control samples. The D allele was identified by a 190 bp product and the I allele by a 490 bp product. The Chi-Square/Fisher Exact test was used to compare genotype and allele frequencies. Results: The DD, ID and II genotypes were observed in 9/14 (64.3%), 5/14 (35.7%) and 0/14 (0.0%) RM cases, respectively, compared with 2/8 (25.0%), 4/8 (50.0%) and 2/8 (25.0%) controls. The genotype distribution showed a trend toward difference between groups (chi-square = 5.33, p = 0.070). In an exploratory dominant-risk comparison, the DD genotype was more frequent in RM cases than controls (OR = 5.40, 95% CI = 0.78-37.50; Fisher exact p = 0.183). The D allele frequency was higher in RM cases than controls (82.1% vs. 50.0%; OR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.16-18.23; Fisher exact p = 0.040). Conclusion: The ACE D allele and DD genotype were more frequent among Iraqi women with RM in this preliminary dataset. However, because the effective genotyped sample was small, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and validated in a larger, clinically well-characterized Iraqi cohort.

Aquatic plants exhibit the ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals, including cadmium and lead. However, the various physiological effects have not been studied in detail. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the effects of cadmium chloride and lead chloride on the physiological status of Ceratophyllum submersum and Ceratophyllum demersum. The results of the study showed the effect of different heavy metal concentrations on the physiological state of the studied aquatic plants, Ceratophyllum submersum and Ceratophyllum demersum. There was a decrease in chlorophyll concentration and protein concentration in aquatic plants compared to the control group exposed to heavy metal concentrations. The study concludes that heavy metals affect the phylogenetic state of the plants Ceratophyllum submersum and Ceratophyllum demersum through loss of pigmentation, oxidative stress responses, or enzymatic changes. The current study aims to investigate the effects of cadmium chloride and lead chloride on the physiological status of Ceratophyllum submersum and Ceratophyllum demersum.

Background: It has been proven that residential environment and biological sex affect immunity, but there is limited evidence of the combined effect of both factors on immunoglobulins in serum of university students. Objectives: To examine (IgG, IgA, and IgM) concentrations in serum of undergraduate students depending on residential status, gender, and years of dormitory living. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 60 undergraduate students who were further stratified by gender (30 males, 30 females) from the Southern Technical University, College of Health and Medical Technologies. There were 40 dormitory students and 20 non-dormitory students enrolled in the study. Serum immunoglobulins concentration was measured through automated Abbott Architect Ci4100 analyzer. Results: Significantly (p≤0.05) increased levels of serum IgG were noted in dormitory residents (1273.37±218.77) mg/dL compared to non-dormitory residents (963.07±262.32) mg/dL according to gender among dormitory residents. The present data showed that female students had significantly higher (p≤0.05) levels of IgM (152.22±67.954) mg/dL compared to male 94.25±44.22 mg/dL, while IgA levels in male showed a significant elevation (p≤0.05) in male (242.75±84.92) mg/dL compared to female (192.37±49.697) mg/dL. Regarding to the duration of residence of students less than 2 years group showed higher concentrations of IgM (172.52±61.87) mg/dL compared to more than 2 years group (137.56±58.825) mg/dL. While IgG exhibited a significant increase in more than 2 years group (1304.36±199.09) mg/dL compared to less than 2 years group (1172.76±233.73) mg/dL. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that dormitory residence was associated with altered humoral immune responses among university students particularly through elevated serum IgG concentrations compared with non-dormitory.

The present research was performed using animals at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University during the period between September 1, 2025, and December 1, 2025, in the animal house of the college under standard laboratory conditions of rearing animals. This study used male laboratory rats. The males were selected because they are larger and having a more stable weight than the females hence reducing hormonal interference that would have influenced the outcome of the study. At the beginning of the experiment, the weight of the rats was 250 to 300 grams. Pre-weighing of the animals was done prior to feeding to find out the initial weight of each rat. Monitoring was done over the 60 day period of rearing whereby under appropriate environment they received free access to water and feed. ELISA was used to measure liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), total cholesterol and triglycerides in serum, according to the laboratory standards. The levels of GOT (AST) and GPT (ALT) were significantly raised at the end of the feeding period, which means that the cells of the liver were damaged by the fat accumulation inside of the cells and increased the cell membrane permeability. Conversely, the level of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) did not show any significant change, which means that the pathological effect of obesity was not serious at the initial stages and did not spread to the bile ducts. The findings also presented the fact that the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels had been significantly increased. It may be concluded that dietary induced obesity is one of the key causes of lipid imbalance and hepatocellular damages, and can be one of the initial phases in the evolution of metabolic liver diseases in the event that exposure to causative factors is sustained.