Plants exhibit physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular adaptations to maintain growth, development and survival under climate change fluctuations. This research aimed to analyse the secondary metabolites produced in Alhagi maurorum leaves under different environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites were extracted using Ethanol solvent using Soxhlet apparatus. FTIR and GC-MS analyses were applied to detect the metabolites produced in Alhagi leaves. The results exhibit the detection of 24 compounds at different peaks that were produced in the camel thorn that was naturally grown in the field under climatic stressors. These compounds are involved in the metabolic and physiological processes to grow and survive. The research concluded that environmental fluctuations have a direct influence on the metabolic compounds produced in the plant to cope with stressors and differ from the results concluded in the literature. The number and type of compounds detected showed that the leaves exhibit morphological adaptations to cope environment rather than metabolic adaptations compared to other plant parts and compared to the literature.

Muli banana (Musa acuminata) from Lampung requires attention to the availability of phosphate in the soil, as phosphate is one of the most important elements for banana plant growth. To provide dissolved phosphate in the soil, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are needed. Cellulolytic bacteria can provide glucose as a carbon source for PSB. This research aims to isolate and characterize PSB and cellulolytic bacteria from the rhizosphere of Muli banana in Labuhan Ratu district, Bandar Lampung. This research was carried out using soil sampling, bacterial isolation, the selection of potential bacteria, and morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. The results showed that out of 5 isolated PSB colonies, BPF4 and BPF8 had the highest phosphate solubility index, reaching a value of 3. The characteristics of the BPF4 and BPF8 are different from each other. Among the 3 colonies with cellulolytic ability, the isolates with the highest cellulolytic activity index were isolates BS1 and BS7, which had an SAI value of 0.58. The morphological results of each cellulolytic bacterial colony varied. The cellulolytic bacteria showed coccus-shaped cells and were Gram-positive in BS1, whereas BS7 was Gram-negative. There was no spreading growth in the PSB motility test, whereas all cellulolytic bacteria exhibited motility. The glucose fermentation test only showed color change in isolates BPF2, BPF5, and BPF8, with no appearance of bubbles. Almost all isolates tested positive in the catalase test, with only isolate BS8 not showing any foam.

In this study, the development of golden hamsters’ urinary system after birth by assessing morphology, tissue structure, measurements, and cell reactions in both the kidneys and the ureters. A total of 60 golden hamsters were divided into four age groups (7, 14, 21, and 60 days), and examinations were made using light microscopy, morphometric analyses were carried out. The kidneys and ureters of hamsters grew and formed as the animal got older. One week after implantation, the kidney and ureter began forming; in the next 2 weeks, progress in the formation of the kidney and its filters was visible. At the end of 3 weeks, the embryo’s skeleton was fully formed, and by month 2, the organs started to look similar to those in an adult. The size of the bladder increased up to 5.55 mm by day 60, which means it could now store urine properly. There was a major increase in kidney weight, from 0.092 ± 0.005 g at day 7 to 0.471 ± 0.044 g at day 60, while the ureter weight went from 0.002 ± 0.0007 g to 0.090 ± 0.04 g during the same time frame. The kidney increased in length from 7.7 mm to 15.9 mm and the ureter increased from 11.77 mm to 27.61 mm (right side). Widening of the hilus demonstrated greater growth of blood and connective tissues.

The (SnO2+CNTs/SnS) thin films deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique were used as photocatalytic application. The changes of structure, topography and optical characteristics upon the deposition of the upper layer were studied. The XRD revealed poly-crystalline mixed Orthorhombic and Zincblende phases and SnO 2 and C phases following the deposition of the upper layer. The FE-SEM images suggest the homogenous porous structure and the large differences in the surface morphology following the deposition of the upper layer. The UV-visible absorbance was enhanced, and the optical bandgap variation to tune to the peak of the solar spectrum. As the pH value rose beyond 8, the photocatalytic activity rose. The efficiency of degradation increased with deposition of the upper layer with the value rising to 95.84% after exposure to 120 min of solar radiation. These results lead to another approach to adjust the structural and optical quality of the SnS thin film by a simple method of nano-heterojunctions with an upper layer to apply to photocatalysis.

Diabetes mellitus DM is the most frequently found chronic disease among people. Scientists are now using traditional herbs as an addition to regular treatment in an attempt to manage blood sugar levels and minimize any negative effects. For a very long time, garlic was considered necessary for regulating both nutrition and health. At present, people from all over the globe are using garlic more and more. The purpose of this study is to see how garlic (Allium sativum) can treat diabetes and also fight multidrug resistance bacteria. Adding 100 g of garlic fleshed and 250 ml of distilled water to a mixing machine allowed the juice to be prepared. Once the slurry was all squeezed and filtered, the liquid was immediately frozen at a temperature of -10 °C before it was used. The standard method was followed to react Allium sativum extract with α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and starch solution to check the ability to inhibit α-amylase. at the same time, data was also obtained using infrared spectroscopy in a wave number range of 4000 cm−1 to 500 cm−1. The antidiabetic potential of garlic (Allium sativum) extract obtained from methanolic crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction, ethanol fraction, and acarbose (Standard) was shown to be (89.87±0.61, 34.86±0.25, 60.05±0.30, and 12.92±0.11), respectively, in inhibiting α-amylase. Inhibitory potency against α-glucosidase activity was found to be (71.62±0.55, 50.27±0.39, 39.38±0.26, and 19.00±0.17) accordingly. The anti-Escherichia coli activity was 30.07±0.50 for the metabolites of Allium sativum.

This study was carried out to gain a better understanding of the genetic variability of the callipyge gene in the Awassi sheep breed and to offer useful data to researchers and breeders. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used, and blood samples from seventy Awassi sheep were examined. To ascertain the genetic variety in the gene linked to the calibage phenomenon, the resulting genotypes were examined. The findings demonstrated that a single genotype, known as "GG," was found in every sheep sample that was part of the investigation. Indicating a decrease in genetic diversity for this gene in this strain.

When conventional medical interventions fail to adequately address chronic illnesses, numerous individuals resort to alternative remedies. Included among these treatments are herbal medications, which may have a role in the prevalent and popular use of nutritional supplement-based therapies. This review sought to examine the description and classification of the gum arabic plant, its chemical makeup, its economic and medicinal significance, and its impact on the kidneys, liver, and diabetes. Gum arabic comprises several active constituents and offers multiple economic and medicinal advantages, serving as a protective agent for the renal system. Gum arabic functions as a natural antioxidant, crucially suppressing free radicals and mitigating the impact of reactive oxygen species, so safeguarding liver cell membranes from oxidative damage. Gum arabic also addresses elevated blood sugar and insulin levels, rendering it a possible therapeutic agent for diabetes. We ascertain that gum arabic has numerous active constituents and offers economic and medicinal advantages, playing a significant role in the management of renal and liver dysfunctions as well as diabetes.