Background and objective: The study of the S1P signaling pathway in the context of diabetes offers a novel perspective for understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline and developing new therapeutic strategies. Material and methods: The study involved 24 Wistar rats, divided into three groups: group 1 was given distilled water and served as a control group; group 2 was made up of rats made diabetic and given distilled water; group 3 was made up of rats made diabetic and treated with D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine (SPK1 and SPK2 inhibitor). Behavioral tests included object recognition and maze tests, and Rt-PCR was used to assess sphingosine-1-phosphate expression. Results: The study revealed significant differences in weight between rats, with a notable decrease observed from day 7 onwards. It also revealed significant differences in the time spent exploring objects and the mental influence of diabetes on the acquisition of spatial knowledge. The study also revealed that diabetes affects working memory and inhibits S1P expression in the hippocampal region. Conclusion: The study reveals significant differences in exploratory behavior and memory capacity between diabetic and normal rats, highlighting the negative effects of diabetes on memory.

Medical education is highly demanding, with students facing intense academic, emotional, and professional challenges. First-year students face the pressures of adjusting to a rigorous curriculum and new social environments, while final-year students experience heightened stress related to career uncertainty and impending clinical responsibilities. Understanding the sources of stress and coping strategies at different stages of training is crucial for developing targeted interventions that promote student well-being and academic success. Hence, this study aimed to assess the differences in perceived stress sources and coping strategies among first and final-year undergraduate medical students using an online survey. Sociodemographic information was collected, and stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, while sources of stress were identified with the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire. Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief-COPE. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with Chi-square tests to compare groups. A total of 264 medical students (132 first-year, 132 final-year) participated in the study. First-year students reported higher levels of stress, with 84.8% experiencing moderate stress, while final-year students showed more balanced stress distribution. Academic, interpersonal, and teaching-related stressors were most significant. First-year students predominantly used problem-focused coping, whereas final-year students employed more emotion-focused and avoidant coping strategies, with significant differences observed between the cohorts. Our results highlight the evolving stress experiences and coping strategies across the medical curriculum, underscoring the need for targeted mental health support that promote student well-being.

Science, civilization and mankind are today in the path of newer scientific divination as regards application of neuroscience and neuro-engineering in diverse areas of science and technology. Neuroengineering is the agglomeration of neuroscience, experimental neuroscience, computational neuroscience, neurology, electrical engineering and nanotechnology. The scientific frontier of neuro-engineering needs to be envisioned and revamped with the passage of scientific history and time. Scientific provenance, scientific divination and scientific revelation are the key highlights of neuroengineering, neuroscience and electrical engineering science today. Today the science of psychiatry and psychology are merged with neuroengineering and neuroscience. The author is a schizophrenic patient since November,2023. From October 2012, he is diagnosed with glaucoma in his both eyes. In this article, the author deeply and profoundly highlights the lucid and insightful world of neuroengineering and the science of psychiatry. This article is targeted towards a newer world in the field of neuroengineering with a deep interface with the trials and tribulations in his life as regards treatment of schizophrenia.

Individual representations of trust are deeply rooted in individual consciousness and serve as significant cognitive constraints, influenced by neural processes and psychiatric factors. This paper aims to highlight the often overlooked or under-operationalized role of human trust's biological agency within the context of organizational learning. From a psychiatric and neuroscience perspective, the paper proposes that through intentional management practices, the biological agency of trust, mediated by neural mechanisms, can act as a proxy for organizational learning. It suggests that adopting a more scientific approach to management, informed by an understanding of neural and psychiatric underpinnings, can enhance employee trust from a biological standpoint, thereby optimizing human potential. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the rarely examined intersection of human biology, neuroscience, and organizational learning, offering new insights into their combined impact.

A simple, precise, accurate, rapid, economical and sensitive Uv spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical preparations and environmental wastewater samples, which shows maximum absorbance at 281 nm in a solution of methanol: H2O (10 in 1000) (v/v) was used as a solvent. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.05 - 0.6 mg/ ml, with molar absorptivity of 6.6×105 L.mol-1.cm-1, relative standard deviation of the method was less than 1.6%, and accuracy (average recovery %) was 100 ± 1.0. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Chloramphenicol in some pharmaceutical formulations (Eye drops 0.5% and Eye Ointment1%) and industrial wastewater samples. The proposed method was validated by sensitivity and precision which proves suitability for the routine analysis of Chloramphenicol in true samples.

A nutritional approach to ameliorate demyelinating changes expressed in spinal Olig2 immunoreactivity in a Konzo disease rat model was investigated. 30 adult female Wistar rats weighing 200-250g were assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 (Control, n=5) was fed on animal pellets, whereas Group 2 (Protein control, n=5) was provided protein food. Bitter cassava flour was provided to Group 3 (Konzo induced, n=15). Protein and bitter cassava flour were supplied to Group 4 (protein treatment group, n=5). Body weight was taken weekly. The C3-C5 spinal regions were harvested through transcardiac perfusion for histological and immunohistochemical staining. Image J was used to quantify the cells in the spinal cord. Body weight showed a significant reduction in body weight in, Cassava at p<0.01, and Cassava + Protein group at p<0.05 when compared to the control and protein control groups. Examination of the neurons with cresyl violet showed a significant increase in the percentage of unhealthy neuron population in the Konzo-induced group [p<0.001] compared to the control and protein control groups. The rats induced with Konzo showed a significant decrease in Olig2 immunoreactive cells compared to control, protein control, and Cassava + protein groups, at p<0.05. Similarly, Olig2 immunoreactive was substantially increased in the Cassava + Protein group compared to the Cassava group [p<0.05]. This shows that an adequate diet, along with a protein supplement, can counteract the demyelinating and neurodegenerative effects of cyanogenic cassava consumption implicated in Konzo disease.

The world of challenges in the field of medical science, biomedical science, health sciences and engineering are in the path of newer scientific and technological regeneration. In the similar vision, the science of psychology and psychiatry are also in the avenues of deep scientific ingenuity and scientific prowess. This is a case study of the author who is suffering from schizophrenia from November, 1993. Since October, 2012, he is diagnosed with glaucoma in his both eyes. Long years of agony, ardor, trials and tribulations have passed since then. This treatise deeply elucidates the strong ardor and mental health challenges faced by the author since November, 1993. Medical science, health science and technology needs to be revamped and re-envisioned as regards treatment and cure of this difficult mental health illness. The author deeply pronounces the needs of psychotherapy and counselling in the treatment and well-being of the patient. This article reiterates the revamping of the science of paranoid schizophrenia since this is an incurable ailment. Scientific rejuvenation and deep technological vision are the utmost needs of the hour. The field of biomedical sciences and biological engineering will truly open newer windows of scientific innovation and scientific triumph in decades to come. This article is a message to all sufferers of the ailment of schizophrenia and other bi-polar disorders. Surely a newer day and a newer dawn in medical science will emerge if discoveries and innovations moves towards positive directions in treatment and cure. Civilization and science will surely usher in a newer dawn in the science of psychiatry if there is an effective support system from doctors and psychologists across the globe. In the similar vision the domain of healthcare system across the world will witness newer scientific regeneration if researchers, scientists, students and policy makers takes affirmative steps and affirmative vision in the scientific research pursuit in psychological science in decades to come. Recent breakthroughs in cognitive science and neuroscience will surely usher in newer dimensions in treatment and cure of schizophrenia.