The paper considers the laws of functioning of discrete dynamical systems. The special theoretical apparatus of geometrical images of automata is used for formal representation of the laws of functioning. Specific processes of system functioning and the law of functioning of the system as a whole are defined by geometric curves and numerical sequences. The spectrum of dynamic parameters of the recurrence definition of numerical sequences is used to build estimates of the complexity of processes and laws of functioning.

Nowadays many researchers are focused on the sytnhesis of nanoscale tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) particles, owing to their unique properties. These particles have indeed many potential technological applications. The present investigation deals with the fabrication of this spinel oxide: it was successfully synthesized through a friendly environmental method, using cobalt (II) chloride as cobalt precursor and aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves. The latter contains alkaloids as a base source while flavonoids present in the leaves acted as capping agent to prevent the particles agglomeration. Alkaloids present in the leaves were hydrolyzed in water and consequently, hydroxilated Co2+ leads to the formation of Co3O4 powder via calcination. The electronic transmission microscopy has revealed the single crystalline nanorods morphology of the synthetised materials. These nanorods are about several hundred nanometers long and several tens of nanometers in diameter. The bulk Co3O4 is known to be antiferromagnetic, the vibrating sample magnetometer data (at room temperature) of the prepared powder exhibited the lower coercivity and remanence, signaling that the produced spinel was pure and was constituted of superparamagnetic particles made of Co3O4. The UV–visible spectrum exhibited a photoluminescence peak in the visible light range positioned at about 538nm, suggesting this spinel as a visible light emitting material and as photocatalyst under visible light.

The study evaluated the influence of Costus lateriflorus bagasse fibre on the properties of expansive soils. Laterite and clay soil samples along Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road in Ahoada West LGA of Rivers state, Nigeria were prepared and subjected to laboratory analysis for swelling potential, volume change, maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Preliminary analysis classified the soils as A-7- 6 on the AASHTO classification system. Swelling potential, volume change, maximum dry density (MDD), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) of the stabilized Laterite and clay soils along Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road decreased with increasing percentage of Costus lateriflorus bagasse fibre, while optimum moisture content (OMC), plastic limit (PL) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased with the addition of Costus lateriflorus bagasse fibre. Results established that increase bagasse fibre content improved the properties of the soil suitable for road construction. However, the bagasse fibre performed better in Laterite soil than clay soil, and 7.5% bagasse fibre would be appropriate for use as stabilization material in soil with similar characteristics like the Laterite and clay soil along Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road.

Significant advances have been seen in the field of cybersecurity in various institutions globally. However, there are still challenges to setting standards and rules to avoid related problems, due to the use of social engineering. Thus, raising awareness of social engineering methods is considered vital to mitigate the negative impact of social engineering. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of awareness of the concept of social engineering in the city of Jeddah. This study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect and analyze data. It has been found that there is a lack of awareness, and this issue must be addressed before it escalates.

The use of digital technology can become a behavioral addiction that negatively affects a person's social and academic life. Nowadays, children all over the world are becoming addicted to technologies - more so than in any past generations. Digital technology has become an integral part of everyday life, and children use it to study and play. Also, some parents use digital technology as a ‘babysitter’ to entertain their children so that the parents can do other things. This affects children's brains and their social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development. This research aims to assess the potential impact of technology on children's behavior. To collect data, this paper used an online survey created with Google Forms. The sample targeted parents. There were 207 responses. The results of the questionnaire and previous studies conducted on the effect of technology on children taken from scientific research found that as technology use increases, the effect it can have on brain function increases. This effect has been linked to physical and psychological problems such as reduced attention span, risk of depression, obesity, and bullying. Based on the study’s results it is recommended that parents monitor their children’s use of digital technology; this includes setting a time limit for using devices, monitoring content, blocking violent and intimidating games for children, and setting a bedtime. In addition, apps such as Qustodio, Norton Family Premier, and Amazon Free Time are suggested as tools to support parents in overseeing their children’s use of digital technology.

In robot design and application the force and angle with angular speed is important so this study will model numerical simulation and discuss detail data to investigate their property. The force may increase as arm 1 angle increases whilst it may increase if angular speed increases in three freedoms. Meantime it will decrease if angular acceleration increases. It is found that with the angular speed increasing all three forces may increase whilst the angular acceleration will cause its increase too in five freedoms. From this value it is observed that F2 is prior one to ensure the strength and fatigue life then F2 is second one to estimate its strength whilst F3 may be neglected. The force may increase as arm 1 angle increases whilst it may increase if angular speed increases in three freedoms. Meantime it will decrease if angular acceleration increases. There is big distance to attain 5KN between the conditions. The effective factor turn to the force is F1>F3>F2 in three freedoms. The force may increase from 15N to 15KN and 18KN with F3, F2 and F1 in five freedoms. Among them F3 is the least one and F1 is the biggest one. The effect factor turn is F1 >F2 >F3. so the F1 and F2 is important one while F3 is neglected.

The causes of flooding from rainwater and wastewater in Vietnamese cities are usually: inadequate drainage system; the original design did not match; runoff coefficient in drainage basin increases due to change of cover surface; leaking water supply pipe; clogged drains, sediment; damaged drainage works; incidents at pumping stations to drain rainwater and wastewater; due to climate change leading to increased rainfall and irregular urban hydrology, sea-level rise, etc. Therefore, the selection of hydrological and hydraulic models applied in urban drainage is necessary to study and apply scientific and technical advances in the field of drainage including hydrological analysis, network hydraulics drainage and propose effective drainage solutions for new planning and upgrading areas.