Viability of African pear seed-oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel was examined in this work. The yield of the extracted oil was 59% of the total seed. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the oil extract showed that the oil was predominantly constituted by mono-unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid, 76%) while the total percentage of its saturated fatty acids was 24% 6.1%, stearic acid, 7.5% and others, 10.4%). Pre-treatment of the oil extract with 1% w/w H2S04 showed tremendous reduction in the free fatty acid from 12.33+0.05 to 0.10+0.02 mg KOH/g. Biodiesel yield of the seed oil attained optimum yields at the methanol/oil molar ratio of 7:1, catalyst concentration of 1.00%, reaction temperature of 60°C, agitation speed of 850 rpm and effective contact time of 120 min. However, the yields of the biodiesel were higher at these experimental conditions with homogeneous KOH catalyst than its NaOH counterpart. Fuel properties such. As smoke point, flash point, fire point, viscosity and specific gravity exhibited by the biodiesel of African pear (D. edulis) were found comparable with those of the petrol-diesel, and the values also fell within the acceptable limits of ASTM and EN standards.

In this research work, a blend of cassava peel and water hyacinth were co-digested to generate energy through biogas production. A 0.030 m3 anaerobic digester was used to digest 55 kg of the blend of cassava peel and water hyacinth. The ratio of mixture of cassava peel to water hyacinth was 3:1. The mixture was properly ground, mixed and charged into the mild steel digester under mesophilic slurry temperature range of 32 oC to 37 oC. The results obtained showed that a minimum pressure reading of 148.438 kPa and a maximum pressure reading of 170.659 kPa were obtained. This suggests sufficient microbial activities in the digester, thus, good biogas production. The analysis of biogas yields showed that an average of 0.005148 m3 of biogas was generated and this gives an average of 0.0121 kWh of electricity.

The relationship between investment and shares is established to find the intrinsic nature. It is found when the best labour is 6 the cost is low and the number of shares are 1000 with the intersection of 1 RMB which is turnover point. When the best capital is 1RMB the cost will be 70 RMB and the turnover point is 600 of the number of shares with the 5 RMB. Since Pl>Pk they are the least when the total product is bigger too. The biggest average product has been from 2,000 to 5,500 pieces while the biggest total product may be an arrangement of 7,000 and 40,000 pieces. The least total cost may be 150Yuan/one. Pk is bigger the least cost is good.

Sericulture is the practice of producing silk through the cultivation of silkworms. India ranks second in silk production after China, producing about 15% of the global silk. Traditionally sericulture is practiced in limited areas of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu and North-eastern states. There is tremendous scope for enhancing the production and quality of silk through increasing area under Mulberry host plant for Silkworms. Adoption of Sericulture as an alternative to agriculture is possible under suitable agro-climatic conditions in non-traditional state like Haryana. Multi-criteria analysis of slope, soil, LULC and climatic limiting factors for Silkworm and its food plants resulted in identification of potential area and suitable season for sericulture practices. The total available wasteland in the study area was targeted for the suitability analysis. The multi-criteria spatial analysis shows that the sub-Himalayan regions falling in three districts of Haryana (viz. Panchkula, Ambala and Yamunanagar), Panchkula district have 3260.93 ha of suitable waste land for Mulberry sericulture practice. Moreover, the sub-Himalayan region falling in Ambala and Yamunanagar district have an area of 1535.81 ha and 1695.95 ha respectively as suitable wasteland for Mulberry sericulture. The remote sensing and GIS technology have proven its capability in finding out the suitable site for mulberry sericulture in the study area. The database thus generated in the project is published online along with other layers at Sericulture Information Linkages Knowledge Systems (SILKS), http://silks.csb.gov.in as well as information on good practices for mulberry sericulture rearing and production for farmers and entrepreneurs.

This research paper traces similarity between the life of two influential personages: Abdullah Ibn Saba and St. Paul. Abdullah was a Jew convert to Islam, who projected the doctrine of admiring the fourth Caliph Ali bin Abu Talib. He elevated Caliph Ali to the status of divinity. On the other hand, St. Paul was a Jew revert to Christianity. He declared Prophet Jesus as the Son of God and ascribed divine attributes to him. This research paper uncovers the conspicuous similarity between their lives, personalities and inspirations. Their transforming philosophy was infused in the fundamental belief, thus managed to successfully gather enormous followers. Their persuasive sermons caused huge discourses and disputes. St. Paul and Abdullah Ibn Saba were found to have noticeable similarity. Though they both appeared in two different eras, their life's vicissitude induced strife within the believers. Their typical characteristics are borrowed by their successors to uphold and continue the discourse and divide the community of believers. The crevice in the community has widened and continues to increase till present day.

GM (general motor) hub process is an important part in the whole manufacture so the modeling of its cost and quantity has been preceded. It is found that the γ is 1.2 which is fitter coefficient to hub because the price is available according to the economics cost theory. So we analyze the labor and capital to be best and find that they are labor of 7 and capital of 20. To compare them with other parts it is done that 5 and 10 respectively to look for other information. It is found that they are more available in quantity and price.

In forge process of hub for GM(general motor) with the revenue is supposed that 43~72Yuan/piece the profit point will become smaller. At 72 Yuan/piece the point is 1.8 piece. Meantime with the product step being bigger the biggest total cost will increase too. αˎ β &γ is calculated to 1.12 ˎ -0.12 & 5 respectively. The least total cost is 100Yuan each minute at the turning point. The biggest total product and capital margin product & average product increases as the labor and capital increase. The effective turn is TP>AP>MPL>MPK to total cost and quantity.