Introduction: Internship is the period when a medical graduates acquires skills which enables him/her to become an effective physician of first contact of the community. However, new graduates go through this period only preparing for the post graduate entrance exam without acquiring many skills and practical knowledge. We conducted a cross-sectional study to document the self-perceived competence of the interns in performing the basic medical skills. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 70 medical interns graduating from a private medical college in North India. The interns who were willing to participate in the study were asked to state the level of their competence on a 3-point scale in a 95 point questionnaire .The questionnaire was divided as per clinical specialties and further sub-divided into competence in examination skills, core skills and knowledge, attitude and performance skills. Results: All the interns self-rated that they were competent in recording basic clinical variables, 60% percent students self-rated that they were fully competent in examination skills and core competencies of internal medicine but only 37.14% felt competent in knowledge and attitudinal skills. In surgery, more than 60% interns rated themselves to have good core competencies, 37.14% rated themselves to be competent in examination of surgical patients whereas only 28% interns rated themselves as competent in knowledge and attitudinal skills of surgery. Only one third interns self-rated that they had good examination skills pertaining to ENT and Ophthalmology. Similarly less than 20% interns self-rated that they were good at core competencies related to Ophthalmology and ENT departments. Conducting a normal vaginal delivery was considered a core competency of Ob-Gyn (Obstetrics and Gynaecology) department. Only 12 interns (27.8%) self-rated to be fully competent to do so, 51.4% interns self-rated that they had good examination skills and only 10% interns felt competent in knowledge and attitudinal skills of Ob-Gyn. Majority of the students rated themselves as having good examination skills and core competencies in pediatrics. Discussion: In the present study less than 60% interns rated themselves as competent in examination skills and core competencies in major clinical specialities except in Ob-gyn, while less than ten percent (9.3%) self evaluated their examination skills as poor. This implies that many of the graduates did not feel competent to carry out the role of a junior doctor with confidence. A variety of studies from other countries have found that many graduates feel inadequately prepared for the role of junior doctor [11-13] and criticisms that medical schools do not prepare graduates for early medical practice have been voiced many times. Conclusions: All the graduate medical doctors are not fully competent to perform the basic medical and surgical procedures. They are especially lacking in knowledge and attitudinal skills so medical educators need to stress on training the graduates in knowledge application and critical thinking.

The paper explores lessons and the possible ways to control the Covid19 pandemic in Vietnam. It focuses on an integrated approach to fight fatal disease, includes the extensive use of tracing, testing, and treatment (T3). They have a strategy slogan like Leave no one left behind and adopted a multi-sectoral response plan. The Vietnam government has provided personal protective measures for frontline warriors and subsidy for poor people’s livelihoods.

As a way of checkmating public health implication associated with processed fish products, the study was conducted to assess the bacterial load and diversity in the fillets of smoked Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus sold in major fish markets (Anua, Useh, Etuk, Itam and Akpan-Andem) in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Determination of bacterial loads, species characterization and composition in fish fillets were done using standard microbiological procedures. Results from the study revealed the highest fungal counts of 9.0x104cfu/ml in samples from Itam market. Heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 2.0x106 cfu/ml in Useh market samples to 2.5x106cfu/ml in samples from other study sites. A total of eleven bacterial and six fungal species were recovered. Salmonella enterica and Shigella sonnei accounted for the highest frequency of occurrence (100%) in all the study sites while Escherichia coli and Vibro cholera had 80% prevalence. Serratia liquenfaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus recorded 40% occurrence while the least prevalence of 20% was recorded in Staphylococcus albus and Proteus mirabilis. The isolated fungal species were Penicillum expansum (60% prevalence), Aspergillus flavus, Mucor hiemalis, Rhizopus stolonifer and Geotriculun candidum (40%) while A. fumigates (20%). Bacterial flora recovered in this study composed of potential pathogenic organisms of public health interest. This calls for intensified monitoring efforts towards controlling fish food contamination in Uyo metropolis.

This study focuses on analyzing world religions in Vietnam such as Buddhism, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, and at the same time studying Vietnamese religions and the religious life of Vietnamese people in the process of receiving and integrate with world religions when being spread into Vietnam. This study shows that Vietnam is a very open country to world religions. When world religions spread into Vietnam, they quickly harmonized with indigenous religious life, forming a special feature in the religious life of Vietnamese people.

This study examined the effect of interest rates on the profitability of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria between 2004 and 2018. The time series data for this study were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the annual reports of Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation. The study employed inferential statistics by analyzing the collected data via ordinary least square multiple regression technique. The choice of this technique was sequel to the Augmented-Dickney-Fuller Unit Root test which confirmed the stationarity of the research variables at levels. Findings from this study revealed that all the explanatory variables i.e lending interest rate (LINT), monetary policy rate (MPR), treasury bill rate (TBR) and ratio of cash balance to total liabilities maintained positive but insignificant relationships with the Return on assets of Nigerian banks (ROA); also, the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.32 indicated that about 32% of the variation in the profitability could be explained by the interest rate proxies. Based on these findings, it was concluded that lending interest rate was an insignificant determinant of Deposit Money Banks’ profitability in Nigeria and recommended that Banks must strike a good balance in their loans pricing and investment decisions as this will help them to cover cost associated with lending while maintaining good banking relationship with their customers.