The study was aimed to assess and determine fungal load and species isolated from cake samples sold in Kano, Northern Nigeria. A qualitative test was performed to ascertain the types of fungi that were present in the cake samples using standard microbiological techniques. Data obtained was expressed as Mean ±SD and compared with ICMSF Standard. A total of four hundred and fifty (450) cake samples from three selling points (markets, shops and bakeries) of the three senatorial districts of Kano State were collected and analyzed. The mean fungal counts of the cake samples analyzed ranged from 5.35 x 101 - 36.1 x 102cfu/g (Nassarawa- Tofa). Colonial morphology showed the presence of four fungal genera (Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Penicillium). The frequency of occurrence of fungal species isolated from the cake samples; were as follows Aspergillus fumigatus 6 (11.5%), Aspergillus niger 29 (55.7%), Rhizopus 7 (13.5%), Mucor spp 5 (9.6%), and Penicillium spp 5 (9.6%). Aspergillus niger has the highest frequency of 29 (55.7%), while Mucor spp has the lowest frequency of 5 (9.6%). A total 52 (11.55%) fungal species were isolated altogether from the cake samples. All the fungal species isolated in this study were extensively contaminants. It is concluded that some cakes sold in Kano, Northern Nigeria contain some fungi.

Selecting team is one of the important issues in football. The role of a coach is selecting players that are formed subjectively without regard to various criteria. Her decision can impact team performance. Thus, this paper presents a new methodology to assess and rank football team based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). The aim is to select the best team for each football game by taking several criteria into account. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to determine the weightings for evaluation criteria among decision makers and Case-based reasoning systems to selecting the best team. We test the efficiency of the model using Paris Saint Germain champion’s league final.

This study aims to find out how the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on e-commerce businesses, especially on changes to the logistics system for e-commerce businesses in Indonesia, and to find out strategies to overcome these problems. This study used a qualitative method with observations, interviews, and FGDs. The research subjects are e-commerce business people, logistics practitioners, and staff of shipping service companies. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact not only on the Indonesian economy as a whole but also on the e-commerce business. The industrial, trade, and transportation & warehousing sectors experienced negative growth. E-commerce business players made various changes in the e-commerce business logistics system to adapt and survive the situation in the new normal era. Before the covid-19 pandemic, e-commerce business players had suppliers with different numbers depending on the needs of each business. The challenges and obstacles faced by the e-commerce logistics system in the new normal era were changes in consumer buying behavior and logistics inefficiency. E-commerce business people are advised to conduct regular market research to find out changes in consumer behavior patterns, consumer characteristics in the new normal era, and of course their preferences for products.

: In our country, a lot of changes have been occurred in the way of Agribusiness operation especially in horticultural. Besides the price of the product the numbers of factors are taken into consideration during deciding on a purchase of these commodities such as appearance, convenience and also perceived quality. It is critically important that understanding of supply chain management at primary level to maintain quality of horticultural commodities, which contribute in production, packing, storage, transport, distribution up to end users. Those who understand how the supply chain can be optimised, they can improve logistic processes to get enhanced customer satisfaction, loyalty, lower costs and also maximum share in end uses’ price. In order of these aspects, this study was conducted in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, to know the farmers’ awareness about horticultural supply chain management. Using data from a questionnaire survey conducted among 120 respondents, the study assesses the level of awareness about five aspects of horticultural supply chain management. The study indicates that maximum farmers (32.5 per cent) in Uttar Pradesh aware that packaging and transportation are main components of supply chain management in horticultural. Therefore, from the practical standpoint of view, it is need to increase awareness among farmers of Lucknow and Kanpur region, Uttar Pradesh about importance and holistic approach in horticultural supply chain management.

Inflation is an essential issue in the economy. Many countries try to target inflation to reduce the erosion of savings for citizens, so many researchers have focused on this topic. The current study attempts to determine whether the news or an unexpected change in the consumer prices index basket affects the volatility of the prices asymmetrically. The result shows that four of twelve sectors are not affected by the news, either because they have a constant variance or because of the not significance of EGARCH. The rest sectors show different responses to high price news and low-price news either by magnitude or signs. Generally, we can notice that high prices with significant negative shocks have a more massive effect on future fluctuation. The shocks that affect its future fluctuation are positive and negative for low prices.