Background: Research misconduct is a global concern in biomedical science. There are no comprehensive data regarding the perception and situation of scientific misconduct among the Iranian medical faculty members. We conducted a nationwide survey to assess the research misconduct among the medical faculty members in Iran. Methods: We used the Persian version of the research misconduct questionnaire (PRMQ) on the Google Forms platform. We sent the survey link to a systematic random sample of medical faculty members in Iran (N = 4986). Descriptive analyses were performed on the individual items of the PRMQ, with frequencies and percentages for categorical and Likert-type response items, and means and standard deviation (S.D.) for continuous variables. Chi-square analysis was conducted to test hypotheses examining differences in the frequency of responses related to factors influencing misconduct. We also defined four tenure categories (TC) based on the working years of the participants as tenured faculty members. All the analyses were performed using R 3.6.0. Results: The response rate was 13.8% (692 responses). Nearly 70% of the respondents agreed that their publication output would be of higher quality if there were no publication pressure. Approximately three-quarters (N =499, 72.1%) of the respondents had been aware of some instances of research misconduct during the previous year according to their understanding of misconduct. Among the participants, 18.5% perceived the effectiveness of their associated organisation's rules for reducing research misconduct to be high or very high. Pressure for tenure was identified as the item most frequently perceived with a strong behavioural influence on engaging in research misconduct (80.2%). Conclusions: This study confirms that research misconduct needs to be actively addressed among the medical faculty members. Making policies with a focus on boosting awareness regarding the occasions of scientific misconduct and its management seems to be indispensable in the future in Iran.

The effects of seed provenance on daily seed germination, cumulative a seed germination and germination percentage of Jatropha Curcas L. was studied in the 2019 at the fruit and vegetable teaching and research Farm of Department of agricultural Science, Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto, Nigeria. The study area comprised of four senatorial zones of Sokoto state, Nigeria covering Sokoto Central Zone with Sokoto South, Wamakko, Kware and Binji Local Government Area. The Sokoto West Zone with Bodinga, Yabo, Shagari and Tambuwal Local Government Area. Sokoto East Zone with Gwadabawa, Goronyo, Isah and Sabon-Birni Local Government Areas. Seed accessions collected were dried properly and fumigated with nuval chemical and stored in polyethene bags. Uniform seed treatment was given to all the accessions prior to sowing, by soaking the seeds in water for 12 hours and subsequently sown directly on the field. They were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Spacing was within the main plot, while seed germination was allocated the sub-plot. Data were recorded on percentage establishment, Daily seed germination, cumulative seed germination and germination percentage after the establishment count. Significant means were separated using the Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The highest daily germination (3.33a) was recorded at the seed accession (SE1), followed by the SE2 (P>3.00a) and the least being the SE4 (p<1.00C) whereas on the cumulative germination however, the seed accession at SE1 had the highest (P>17.67a) followed by those of accessions SC1 and SW4 (who were at par (P<14.33bc) and the least that form the accession of SC4 (P<5.33f). The seed accession at SE1 had the highest (P.>88.33a), followed by the SC1, and SW4 which were statistically at far (P.<71.67). Whereas the least being that at the accession SC3 (P.<46.67e). Consequently the seed at accession SE1 are therefore recommended for Jatropha cultivation in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria.

Imperialism is substantially a global, historical, cultural, economic, and political phenomenon. In Africa, how European imperialism has affected people continues to be subjected to debate with varying viewpoints. However, most of the literature on imperialism places greater emphasis on its political and economic dimensions, with passing discussion on its cultural aspect. This study intends to examine the impact of cultural imperialism on the Hausa people. Over the years, from pre-colonial through the colonial and post-colonial periods, Hausa cultures have been subjected to different changes due to different factors, imperialism included. Using primary and secondary sources, this study shows that the major areas of Hausa culture mostly affected by British cultural imperialism include language, culinary habits, attire, traditional sports, lifestyles, and festivities. Given the complexity of the current scholarly debate on the topic, a compilation of multiple viewpoints would be useful. In addition, the linked concepts, such as cultural imperialism and the concept of culture will be examined in depth.

Syzygium cumini and Achras zapota leaves were easily available and commonly used in our day –to-day life. The present study aimed at the in-vitro comparative study of anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of Syzygium cumini, Achras zapota and mixed. The fruits were extracted separately with distilled water by maceration method .The various concentrations of the extract (50,100, 200mg/ml) respectively were screened for their anthelmintic activity using Pheritima posthuma. The activity was comparable with the standard drug albendazole. When the concentrations of the extract are increased, a gradual increase in anthelmintic activity is observed. The study involved the determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini, Achras zapota and mixed showed anthelmintic activity but mixed extract was more efficient anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms. The data were found statistically significant by using one way ANOVA (P< 0.0001).

Millions of patients present annually with chest pain, but only 10% to 15% have myocardial infarction. Lack of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of clinical and conventional markers prevents or delays treatment and leads to unnecessary costly admissions. Comparative data are lacking on the new markers, yet using all of them is inappropriate and expensive. The older markers like aspartate amino-transferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase etc. lost their utility due to lack of specificity and limited sensitivities. Cardiac troponin levels but negative CK-MB who were formerly diagnosed with unstable angina or minor myocardial injury is now reclassified as non–ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) even in the absence of diagnostic ECG changes. CK-MB is both a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin T is a cardio-specific, highly sensitive marker for myocardial damage. Cardiac troponin I is a contractile protein exclusively present in the cardiac muscle. The absolute cardiospecificity of cTnI allows the diagnosis of myocardial infarction distinct from muscle lesions and non-cardiac surgery.