Inflation is an essential issue in the economy. Many countries try to target inflation to reduce the erosion of savings for citizens, so many researchers have focused on this topic. The current study attempts to determine whether the news or an unexpected change in the consumer prices index basket affects the volatility of the prices asymmetrically. The result shows that four of twelve sectors are not affected by the news, either because they have a constant variance or because of the not significance of EGARCH. The rest sectors show different responses to high price news and low-price news either by magnitude or signs. Generally, we can notice that high prices with significant negative shocks have a more massive effect on future fluctuation. The shocks that affect its future fluctuation are positive and negative for low prices.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of several herbal plants, Moringa, Usira and commercially sold African Bitters on selected micro-organisms. Adequate amount of fresh plants of Moringa leaves and Usira leaves were collected from a farm in Ekpoma Also, the commercial African bitters were purchased from herbal market in Ekpoma town, Edo State. The extract was prepared by weighing out 2g of the milled powdered powdered leaf of Moringa and Usira and adding 14ml of distilled deionized water and 10ml of 70% ethanol. The agar diffusion method and ditch method were employed for the sensitivity of the extracts on the bacterial isolates. The results on agar diffusion method showed that all the organisms isolated were resistant to moringa neat and distilled water extracts but were sensitive to ethanolic extract of moringa. Also, all the organisms were also resistant to usira neat and distilled water extract. However, Candida albicans was sensitive to ethanolic extract of usira. Furthermore, none of the organisms were sensitive to African biters in all the dilutions. The results on the ditch method showed that E. coli, Candida albicans, strep were sensitive while Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella species were not sensitive. It can be concluded that the extracts of Moringa and Usira (ethanol extract) inhibited the growth of bacteria isolates in a dose dependent fashion. Hence, it can be concluded that the leaf of Moringa and Usira can be a very good source for herbal drugs especially in using ethanol as a solvents.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the learning and memory enhancing activity of Cucurbita pepo seed extract in rats by using the ethanol induced cognitive impairment and its effects were examined by using 8-radial arm maze (8-RAM) test. For radial arm maze test all groups showed significantly (P value is< 0.0001& < 0.001) decreased in the time taken to reach the paired arm and number of entries in baited arm and non-baited arm as compared to ethanol inducing group. Therefore seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo exhibited significantly learning and memory activity in Alzheimer’s disease.

Chronic heart failure refers to a clinical state of systemic and pulmonary congestion resulting from inability of the heart to pump as much blood as required for the adequate metabolism of the body. The commonest causes of heart failure are coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes, however, hypertension and diabetes have been found to be stronger risk factors in elderly women and coronary artery disease and smoking are stronger risk factors in elderly men. Pathophysiologically, heart failure is either an inadequate cardiac output for the organism’s metabolic demands or an adequate cardiac output that is due to neurohormonal compensation, which means the inability of the heart to supply blood to the tissues according to their needs without additional strain. The pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is now based on four classes of drugs that have been proven to reduce mortality among heart failure patients such as angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy should be initiated at a low dose with very gradual up titration, monitoring renal function and serum potassium levels closely. Chronic heart failure treatment with direct inhibitors of aldosterone receptors brought about a significant improvement in terms of survival and hospitalizations.

The main objective of this paper is to examine health inequity in Bangladesh based on the Demographic and Health Surveys. It explores several measures of health inequity in selected health indicators. The results are mixed: inequity has declined in some health indicators such as infant mortality and immunization. However, inequity remains pervasive in births assisted by skilled personnel, antenatal care, and births delivered at health facilities.