Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, which potentially leads to development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its exposure in the human body may alter several biochemical indicators that include serum creatinine, urea, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Objective: The study was conducted with the aim of examining the connection between OTA levels in the serum and the biomarkers (creatinine, urea and ALP) in patients of kidney renal diseases. Procedures: This was done by taking fifty samples of the kidney failure patients and fifty samples of the healthy persons. Each patient had their blood collected during September 2024 to April 2025. Results: The results depicted that the levels of Alkaline phosphatase in both the ‘with OTA CKD patients’ and the without OTA CKD patients were increased (188-212.26) mg/dl as compared to the controls. In the current research, it was revealed that the levels of Creatinine and Urea are also increased in the patients with OTA or without OTA, it was between (6.7-12) mg/dl, (166-120) kg/dl respectively, compared with healthy individuals with significant differences. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that serum blood compositions in patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were still high regarding Ochratoxin a (OTA). Further, the findings showed that women patients seemed to be more sensitive of the toxic effects of OTA compared to men. Notably, the OTA in the blood samples obtained in CKD patients are above the safety levels recommended across the globe. In general, the authors proved the existence of the strong relationship between OTA exposure and the occurrence of CKD, which proves the possibility of the involvement of this mycotoxin into the development of the kidney dysfunction.

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease that predominantly affects older adults. It is characterized by autoantibodies against the hemidesmosome proteins BP180 and/or BP230, and elevated levels of serum IgE, eosinophils, and chemokines in skin lesions. It typically presents pruritic, eczematous, excoriated, urticarial-like lesions; the treatments include high-potency topical corticosteroids, oral prednisone, immunosuppressants, doxycycline, dapsone, B-cell depletion therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, as well as biologic drugs. In this report, we present the case of 63- year-old patient with a previous diagnostic of systemic arterial hypertension who developed multiple tense vesicle and bullas at photo exposed skin areas.

Background: The use of medicinal plants has been crucial in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses. The medicinal herb thymus vulgaris has a long history of biological and pharmacological applications. Small chemicals called metabolites are involved in metabolic activities that are critical for the growth, maintenance, and function of cells. Metabolite concentrations typically span multiple orders of magnitude, and their molecular weights are typically 50–1500 Da. Metabolites are quite sensitive to a wide range of environmental factors, and the metabolome is itself very dynamic and time-dependent. Objectives: Our research aims were: Ethanolic whole-plant extract of Thymus vulgaris was analysed phytochemically and identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Utilising the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Method for Fate Profile Analysis. Assessing Its Antimicrobial Effects. Materials and Methods: The dried plant parts, Thymus vulgaris, were sourced from the local markets of Babylon Province. After cleaning and isolating foreign substances, they were studied at the advanced Botanical laboratory at the College of Science, University of Babylon. Following their crushing by an electrical grinder, the powder was gathered in nylon bags and stored at room temperature in the laboratory until needed. A GC-MS was used for separation and identification and KBr to experimentally prepare for FTIR analysis. All experimental samples were run through three independent tests in this case, with untreated KBr pellets acting as a control. Results: FTIR analysis, Peak (Wave number cm-ˡ), were 663.5 (alkyl halides), 687.5 (alkyl halides), 870.7 (Alkenes), 920.9 (Alkenes), 1017.01 (Alkenes), 1047.0 (alkyl halides), 1095.15 (alkyl halides), 1244.17 (alkyl halides), 1317.00 (alkyl halides), 1373.19 (alkyl halides), 1608.00 (alkyl halides), 2335.50 (Amide), 1244.17 (Alkene). Peak area, retention time, molecular weight, and molecular formula are the three main components used to identify bioactive chemical compounds. GCMS analysis of Thymus vulgaris revealed the existence: Cyclohexyl-aminopropyl-amino]ethylthi ophosphate, Formyl-L-lysine, Spiro-heptan-4-one, 4,4-Diphenyl-butyl-3phenyl-piperidin-4, Lucenin, 2,5-Dimethyl-hydroxy-3(2H)- furanone, 2,3-Diphenyl-cyclopropyl), Dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy, 2,6 -Tetracosa-hexaene, 10-Methyl-E-11-tridecen-1-ol, 1,3-Dioxolane, 2-methoxy- octadecenyl)oxy-methyl-2,2, 5-Hydroxy-methyl-furfural, 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-, dimethyl acetal, acetate, α-D-Glucopyranoside. Researchers looked at three different bacteria—Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis—to see if the secondary metabolites made by Thymus vulgaris had any antibacterial effects. The present study examined the biological activity of three distinct infections using the standard antibiotics Rifambin and Cefotoxime, as well as an ethanolic extract of the whole plant Thymus vulgaris. Escherichia coli (10.04±0.14, 21.77±0.25, and 18.00±0.21), Staphylococcus aureus (08.71±0.12, 19.02±0.21, and 19.00±0.21), and Proteus mirabilis (12.31±0.16, 22.04±0.23, and 23.85±0.27). The mean value against Proteus mirabilis for the bioactive secondary metabolites of Thymus vulgaris was 12.31±0.16, indicating significant efficacy.

Tinea nigra is a superficial fungal infection caused by Hortaea (Exophiala or Phaeoannellomyces) werneckii. It affects the stratum corneum of the palms and, rarely, the soles, as well as other sites. It is characterized by dark brown or black, well-defined, noninflammatory, hyperpigmented patches covered by very fine scales; it is most often asymptomatic. We present a case of a 4-year-old Hispanic little boy presented with an asymptomatic brownish irregular patch on the left palm for 5 months. Skin examination revealed a dermatosis located on the left hand, on the palmar side, unilateral, consisting of a hyperchromic, bilobed, brown spot, 5 cm in diameter on its major axis by 2.5 cm in the minor diameter, well-defined edges, with a chronic evolution of approximately 5 months and asymptomatic. Dermoscopy revealed a light brown macule with “Brown spicules” forming a reticulated patch. Direct examination shows olive-green pigmented phaeoid filaments, septate, branched, and tortuous. He received treatment with 1% isoconazole cream every 8 hours for 1 month with favorable results

This condition, characterized by the obstruction of the sweat gland, results in the retention of its hypotonic content beneath the skin. This phenomenon can occur at any age; however, it is more prevalent in neonates due to the functional immaturity of the eccrine glands. These glands contain muscarinic and adrenergic receptors, and in the intensive care unit, there is a high prevalence of patients receiving adrenergic drugs that can modify the function of these receptors and induce its onset. It is imperative to note that the key element in this analysis is...The following terms are used to describe cutaneous lesions: eccrine sweat glands, bullous lesions, bullae, vesicles, and miliaria crystallina.

Rhinophyma is a rare, severe manifestation of rosacea marked by progressive nasal thickening due to sebaceous gland hyperplasia and fibrosis. It predominantly affects older men and may cause significant cosmetic and functional impairment. Diagnosis is clinical but may require biopsy to exclude malignancy. Treatment depends on severity and ranges from isotretinoin in mild cases to surgical or laser interventions in advanced disease. This review summarizes the current understanding of its pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapeutic options.

Pyoderma gangrenosum was first described in 1908 and is a rare neutrophilic disease not associated with infection. It is characterized by the appearance of painful skin ulcers with undermined and irregular edges, usually purplish in color and with peripheral erythema. It most commonly affects the lower extremities, although it can occur in other locations, including the genital, perineal, and perianal regions. (1) There is a relationship between this condition and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as other autoimmune diseases and even neoplasms. It is my understanding that the physician is able to understand and explain to family members the estimated time of healing and the importance of the phenomenon of pathergy in the disease. This is possible because knowing the evolution of the lesions allows the physician to understand the phenomenon of pathergy. We present the case of a patient with lesions that appear to be pyoderma gangrenosum on the head, showing how they have evolved until resolution.