Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is the most extensively used dialysis method globally, and it necessitates vascular access. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), arteriovenous grafts, and central venous catheters (CVC), which can be tunneled or not, are all methods for gaining access. Vascular access is a major risk factor for bacteremia, hospitalization, and mortality among HD patients. The efficacy of Actolind solution in suppressing jugular catheter infection sites in patients with positive jugular catheter culture swab was investigated, as well as the efficiency of Actolind solution opposed to iodine. Methodology: This was a prospective, randomized, comparable efficacy clinical trial completed at the renal unit of the Port Sudan teaching hospital's renal dialysis center. The patient group was recruited from across the Red Sea State. A retrospective study of 50 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were either on upkeep HD or were scheduled to receive a kidney transplant as soon as possible. Sociodemographics, comorbidities, and microbiological growth outcomes were gathered prior to and after the interventional procedure. Results: According to the results, the male to female ratio was 4:1. There were 39 males and 11 females. All of the patients had ESRD, with 10 of them being hypertensive and diabetic, 34 being diabetic solely, and 16 being hypertension exclusively. Gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and yeasts constituted 32 (64%), 20 (40%), and 6 (12%) of the cultivars, respectively. Seven patients out of fifty had mixed infections (14%). Forty-one wound swab results after intervention were negative, while nine patients had persistent infection confirmed by positive cultures. Conclusion: Removal of CVC due to infection or catheter malfunction occurred less often with Actolind-based lock solutions. We present the prospective comparing Actolind - and iodine -based lock solutions yet. However, due to the retrospective observational nature of this study, conclusions with regard to superiority should be considering.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of several herbal plants, Moringa, Usira and commercially sold African Bitters on selected micro-organisms. Adequate amount of fresh plants of Moringa leaves and Usira leaves were collected from a farm in Ekpoma Also, the commercial African bitters were purchased from herbal market in Ekpoma town, Edo State. The extract was prepared by weighing out 2g of the milled powdered powdered leaf of Moringa and Usira and adding 14ml of distilled deionized water and 10ml of 70% ethanol. The agar diffusion method and ditch method were employed for the sensitivity of the extracts on the bacterial isolates. The results on agar diffusion method showed that all the organisms isolated were resistant to moringa neat and distilled water extracts but were sensitive to ethanolic extract of moringa. Also, all the organisms were also resistant to usira neat and distilled water extract. However, Candida albicans was sensitive to ethanolic extract of usira. Furthermore, none of the organisms were sensitive to African biters in all the dilutions. The results on the ditch method showed that E. coli, Candida albicans, strep were sensitive while Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella species were not sensitive. It can be concluded that the extracts of Moringa and Usira (ethanol extract) inhibited the growth of bacteria isolates in a dose dependent fashion. Hence, it can be concluded that the leaf of Moringa and Usira can be a very good source for herbal drugs especially in using ethanol as a solvents.

Ambrosia maritima was traditionally used in folkloric medicine to treatment of rheumatic pains, asthma, and bilharziasis. In this study the plant tested for their secondary metabolites and toxicological effects. Ambrosia maritima showed high presence of alkaloids, steroids and triterpens, moderate presence of flavonoids and tannins, and trace presence of saponins and cumarins. Biochemical and histological examination were done. Rats treated with Ambrosia maritima showed no significant change from the control, except in the ALT, significant decrease was observed. The histological examination of the plant extract showed normal appearance of most sections therefor plants seemed to be safe for oral consumption.

The information system presented in this article makes drug selection easier and indicates possible interactions with existing medication. In the event of an interaction with multiple medication, the consumer is specifically warned. In addition, special algorithms determine alternative drugs with the same effect in order to avoid the undesired interaction.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and persistent illness that otorhinolaryngologists encounter commonly. It is an important cause of morbidity and accounts for major loss of income. Anatomical variations of the lateral wall of the nose have been reported which can predispose to CRS. The aim of the present study was to determine the percentage of concha bullosa in patients with CRS and to ascertain its relationship with chronic rhinosinusitis. Aim of the study: To determine the percentage of concha bullosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and to determine the relationship between concha bullosa and chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective one-year study done during the period from June 2019 to December 2020 was conducted at the outpatient department of ENT, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sample size in this study were selected 57 patients. Result: Of the 57 patients in our study, 21 were males and 36 were females (Figure-1). Of these 36.84% male patients 21 showed concha bullosa and of the 63.84 female patients 326 showed concha bullosa on CT nose and PNS and DNE. The most common age group showing concha bullosa was 21-30 years 23(40.35%) (Table 1). The most common symptom found in our study was headache in 57(100.00%). The next commonly occurring symptom was nasal block 51(89.47%) followed by nasal discharge or nasal purulence 48(84.21%). DNE and CT scan of nose and paranasal sinuses (coronal and axial) were studied for the evaluation of concha bullosa in our patients of CRS. Concha bullosa was noted in 33(57.89%) patients having unilateral and bilateral presentations. Conclusion: Concha bullosa is one of the most common anatomical variations of the lateral wall of the nose. The presence of concha bullosa plays a significant role in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis particularly in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Hot volcanic massage is a treatment from the Far East that has been used for more than 1000 years, and today is an integral part of anti-stress programs in spas around the world. The aim of our research was to study the extent to which this alternative method of massage has proven health benefits through the analysis of already published papers. Material and method: We performed a retrospective analysis of published papers on the effect of heat and massage on pain, stress, depression, and muscle tension. Results: Hot massage has positive effects on musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia pain and degenerative rheumatism. Side effects can occur if the heat is too high and causes burns, drop in blood pressure and dehydration. Discussion: Research on the effect of treating volcanic rocks on health problems is scarce. This alternative method can be applied due to the known physiological effect of massage and warmth on a scientific basis along with indications and contraindications. Conclusion: The treatment with volcanic stones has the effects of heat treatment and massage with still insufficiently measurable parameters for the combined effect and concrete evidence.

This study investigated the impact of toxicological air on cardiovascular indices of non-pregnant women in Bayelsa state. The study subjects consist of two hundred apparently healthy non pregnant women in gas flaring communities selected randomly between the ages of 20 to 45 years. Parameters measured was systolic,diastolic,pulse rate, pulse pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index using auscultatory, weight and height methods and calculation of the prevalence rate of high blood pressure among non-pregnant women in Bayelsa state. Result from the study shows significant higher mean values of systolic (123mmHg),diastolic (78,75mmHg), mean arterial blood pressure (93,90mmHg) among resident of Obunagha/Polaku and Immiringi located in the epicentre of gas flares compared with Kolo/Otuagila (118mmHg), (72mmHg) and (87mmHg) a non-gas flaring communities. However the pulse rate and pulse pressure was higher (86bpm) (47mmHg) among resident subjects in Kolo and Otuagila compared with Polaku and Immiringi having a decrease percentage difference. Furthermore, the blood pressures of the participants increase significantly with advancing age while the pulse rate decreases. The systolic blood pressure increases among those that fall into the category of underweight compared with other body mass index. The prevalence of hypertension was 14%, prehypertension 42% and a normal blood pressure of 44% respectively. Subjects with prolong exposure to gas flares in their respective communities had higher blood pressure in comparison to short duration of exposure. This study has shown that exposure to the toxic components from gas flares have a detrimental effect on the cardiovascular tree of women residents with resultant increase in their blood pressures in Bayelsa state.