Background: Research misconduct is a global concern in biomedical science. There are no comprehensive data regarding the perception and situation of scientific misconduct among the Iranian medical faculty members. We conducted a nationwide survey to assess the research misconduct among the medical faculty members in Iran. Methods: We used the Persian version of the research misconduct questionnaire (PRMQ) on the Google Forms platform. We sent the survey link to a systematic random sample of medical faculty members in Iran (N = 4986). Descriptive analyses were performed on the individual items of the PRMQ, with frequencies and percentages for categorical and Likert-type response items, and means and standard deviation (S.D.) for continuous variables. Chi-square analysis was conducted to test hypotheses examining differences in the frequency of responses related to factors influencing misconduct. We also defined four tenure categories (TC) based on the working years of the participants as tenured faculty members. All the analyses were performed using R 3.6.0. Results: The response rate was 13.8% (692 responses). Nearly 70% of the respondents agreed that their publication output would be of higher quality if there were no publication pressure. Approximately three-quarters (N =499, 72.1%) of the respondents had been aware of some instances of research misconduct during the previous year according to their understanding of misconduct. Among the participants, 18.5% perceived the effectiveness of their associated organisation's rules for reducing research misconduct to be high or very high. Pressure for tenure was identified as the item most frequently perceived with a strong behavioural influence on engaging in research misconduct (80.2%). Conclusions: This study confirms that research misconduct needs to be actively addressed among the medical faculty members. Making policies with a focus on boosting awareness regarding the occasions of scientific misconduct and its management seems to be indispensable in the future in Iran.

Ultrasound, also known as sonography, is an imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time and dynamic images of the body. Ultrasound is increasingly being used to assist Sports Medicine Physicians, Rheumatologists, Orthopedists, and Primary Care. Procedural planning prior to any procedure increases efficiency in the operative field and reduces patient discomfort. Ultrasound is commonly utilized in regenerative medicine techniques due to the ability to visualize soft tissue targets with high resolution. Ultrasound is beneficial in both diagnostic purposes and image-guidance for procedures. Understanding how to quickly optimize the ultrasound image and ergonomics for the procedure will greatly improve your procedure workflow.

Millions of patients present annually with chest pain, but only 10% to 15% have myocardial infarction. Lack of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of clinical and conventional markers prevents or delays treatment and leads to unnecessary costly admissions. Comparative data are lacking on the new markers, yet using all of them is inappropriate and expensive. The older markers like aspartate amino-transferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase etc. lost their utility due to lack of specificity and limited sensitivities. Cardiac troponin levels but negative CK-MB who were formerly diagnosed with unstable angina or minor myocardial injury is now reclassified as non–ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) even in the absence of diagnostic ECG changes. CK-MB is both a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin T is a cardio-specific, highly sensitive marker for myocardial damage. Cardiac troponin I is a contractile protein exclusively present in the cardiac muscle. The absolute cardiospecificity of cTnI allows the diagnosis of myocardial infarction distinct from muscle lesions and non-cardiac surgery.

The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening and anthelmintic activity of aqueous polyherbal seed extract (APSE) against Pheretima posthuma. The seeds of Helianthus annuus, Cucurbita pepo, Linum usitatissimum, Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis melo was identified and purchased from local market of Nuzvid. APSE was prepared from the dried seeds of five different seeds using the solvent water. Initially, APSE was screened for phytochemical constituents by standard methods. Further, anthelmintic study was conducted against Pheretima posthuma, collected from local Vermicomposting Farm, Nuzvid. In the phytochemical screening, APSE showed presence of glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols and tannins. In the anthelmintic study, mortality was produced in earth worm populations by APSE. The use of APSE as an anthelmintic was confirmed by using standard method against Pheretima posthuma. The results indicated that the test drug has significant anthelmintic properties. Hence, it can be concluded that the APSE can be used as a novel drug for the treatment of worm infestations.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common finding in diabetic patients. Microalbuminuria is the earliest clinical evidence of DN. Early detection of microalbuminuria is very important; it allows timely interventions to prevent progression to macroalbuminuria and later end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Objectives: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients and establish its association with traditional serum renal markers in assessment of incipient nephropathy. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 213 participants with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending the diabetic clinic of MM Institute of MSR. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the levels of urine microalbumin, urine albumin creatinine ratio, plasma creatinine and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetic patients and assessed the correlation between microalbuminuria and plasma creatinine levels. Questionnaires were used to obtain participant data after obtaining written informed consent. Data collected included: age, sex, level of education, history of smoking and alcohol consumption, hypertension, body mass index, family history, and duration of DM. Morning spot urine samples were collected from each participant and blood drawn for analysis of other renal markers. Urine microalbumin was determined quantitatively using immunoturbidity assay (Microalbumin kit, Mindray). Results: Increase in mean level of plasma creatinine (138 μmol/L), urine microalbuminuria (310 mg/L), albumin creatinine ratio (52) and HbA1c (7.9%) was observed among type 2 DM patients. Moderate positive correlation was observed between microalbuminuria and urine albumin creatinine ratio (r = 0.643 P = 0.0008) and between urine albumin creatinine ratio and plasma creatinine (r = 0.645 P = 0.032). Conclusion: We concluded that type 2 DM patients who are at risk of developing renal impairment must be regularly monitored for microalbuminuria, urine albumin creatinine ratio, and HbA1c levels.

Punica granatum and Psidium guajava leaves were easily available and commonly used in our day –to-day life. The present study aimed at the in-vitro comparative study of anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of Punica granatum, Psidium guajava and mixed. The fruits were extracted separately with distilled water by maceration method .The various concentrations of the extract (50,100, 200mg/ml) respectively were screened for their anthelmintic activity using Pheritima posthuma. The activity was comparable with the standard drug albendazole. When the concentrations of the extract are increased, a gradual increase in anthelmintic activity is observed. The study involved the determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Aqueous extract of Punica granatum, Psidium guajava and mixed showed anthelmintic activity but mixed extract was more efficient anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms. The data were found statistically significant by using one way ANOVA (P< 0.001).

The aim of this study is to compare the hematological parameters of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and congenital pneumonia. The hematological parameters of 84 newborns who had a gestational age over 35 weeks, who were diagnosed with transient tachypnea, and congenital pneumonia, who were hospitalized in the Newborn Unit of the Uşak University, Faculty of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital between 2015 and 2021, were analyzed retrospectively from the electronic records of the patients. The mean gestational age was determined as 38.0±1.4 weeks in patients with TTN and 38.8±1.5 weeks in patients with congenital pneumonia. A statistically significant difference was detected between the patients gestational age (p=0,016), birth weight (p=0,017), lymphocyte (p=0,037), thrombocyte (p=0,001) and delivery types (p=0,027). Statistically cesarean delivery was higher in the TTN group; the patients in the group with congenital pneumonia had a higher gestational age; the median lymphocyte and thrombocyte values were also found to be lower than in the TTN group. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of other hematological parameters. The present study presented that TTN was seen at lower gestational weeks and in newborns with lower birth weights. It was suggested that cesarean delivery can be considered to be a risk factor for TTN. When hematological parameters are examined, it is noted that patients with congenital pneumonia have a predisposition to lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia.