The transition from traditional microscopy to computer-assisted analysis of histological specimens has been made easier. Digital pathology has emerged as a transformational force in the field of diagnostic medicine. This review offers a comprehensive update on the current landscape of digital pathology, covering whole-slide imaging technologies, infrastructure requirements and clinical applications crossing primary diagnosis, telepathology, education and research, alongside the integration of artificial intelligence methodologies. Important implementation problems, such as validation, regulatory processes, data governance, and cost concerns, are also addressed, and we investigate potential future possibilities, such as foundation models, multimodal integration, and applications in settings with limited resources. This review intends to provide pathologists, researchers, and healthcare administrators with a practical framework for navigating the continuous digital transformation of pathology services. This will be accomplished by offering a synthesis of the evidence that is now available.

Rituximab a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has transformed the treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders [1, 2]. While its therapeutic efficacy is well-established, developing evidence has revealed a complex and increasingly recognized spectrum of gastrointestinal mucosal injuries associated with its use. This review synthesizes recent literature including landmark 2025 studies, to present a comprehensive overview of rituximab-associated gastrointestinal mucosal injury. We describe clinical presentations, endoscopic findings and histopathologic features across the entire gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the colon. A particular focus is placed on the newly characterized rituximab-associated common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)-like enteropathy, a severe and late-onset syndrome characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, malabsorption and distinctive histologic features [3, 4]. We also discuss the proposed pathogenic mechanisms, clinical approach to diagnosis, management strategies and areas for future research.

Streptococcus mutans is the leading one of the oral microbiota causing tooth caries. It forms biofilms on teeth providing protection against the host defenses by making extracellular polysaccharides and carbohydrates. These biofilms increase bacterial persistence and enhances the pathogenicity of S. mutans. Such emergence of antibiotic resistance has significantly reduced the long-term usage of both synthetic and conventional antimicrobials (β lactams and chlorhexidine). The need to find and develop novel alternatives is owing to this growing resistance. Natural antimicrobials, like enzyme-based medications and other antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), provide good treatments. AMPs also minimize the chance of developing resistance and disrupts bacterial membranes preventing the formation of biofilms. By directly breaking down biofilm matrix and virulence factors, enzyme-based antimicrobials such glucosidases and proteases improve bacterial clearance. Both strategies are viable substitutes for conventional antibiotics since they are biocompatible, environmentally benign, and have several targets of action. The relevance of switching to natural antimicrobial drugs is shown by the collective research on S. mutans prevalence, biofilm biology, and resistance mechanisms. Incorporating AMPs and enzyme-based treatments into oral healthcare may offer safe, efficient, and resistance-reducing methods for managing and preventing dental caries.

Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the mirror-image arrangement of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. Although most patients remain asymptomatic, this condition presents a diagnostic challenge in the presence of cardiovascular disease. In patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis, pericardial effusion is a potentially serious complication that can progress to cardiac tamponade. The coexistence of both conditions necessitates timely diagnosis and an individualized therapeutic approach to improve prognosis.

The concept of healthy span is gradually taking over the life span. Currently, one has to look at quality living rather than quantity living. Living longer life span sans the quality is actually painful. Hence, the current focus is to develop the background understanding behind quality living. Moving beyond hormones is the new approach where the concept of cellular energy, metabolic function & the antioxidant status of the body are the three pillars. Life style changes, dietary modification, physically & mentally activeness has to be achieved naturally. One may have normal hormonal levels & no deficiency but still suffer from fatigue, metabolic disorders, neuron-degeneration, cardiovascular disease, cancer, weakness, chronic inflammation and early ageing. The obstacle behind all these conditions is the poor mitochondrial health where the signals from the power house of the cells do not reach the cells. The article sees the role of homoeopathy to deal with these issues. As these issues are chronic & needs a holistic & individualized approach it is here that the homoeopathic system of therapeutics will prove to be effective. The holistic & individualized approach is the basic principle of treatment under the domain of homoeopathic therapeutics.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition predominantly originating from appendiceal neoplasms, making true primary ovarian PMP an exceptional and widely debated clinical entity. Establishing a primary Müllerian origin requires exhaustive histological and immunohistochemical evaluation to exclude an occult appendiceal tumor. A highly unusual clinical scenario involves a 26-year-old nulliparous woman presenting with a large borderline mucinous ovarian tumor paradoxically associated with high-grade peritoneal implants. Comprehensive pathological workup (CK7+, PAX8+, CK20−, CDX2−) and completely normal appendiceal serial sections definitively confirmed the primary ovarian origin. Standard-of-care management relies on complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Successful CC0 cytoreduction and HIPEC were achieved, integrated with proactive ovarian cortex cryopreservation. This unusual presentation highlights the striking biological discordance that can exist between a primary tumor and its peritoneal dissemination, emphasizing the critical role of specialized multidisciplinary management, rigorous pathology, and early oncofertility integration for young patients.

Background: The educational environment (EE) has a significant impact on medical students' learning, academic success, and professional development. Systematic EE evaluation provides important data for curriculum reform and quality assurance. However, evidence from resource-limited and underrepresented settings remains limited. This study aims to assess medical students' perceptions of the EE at the University of Gadarif in Sudan using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with third, fourth, and fifth-year medical students. A total of 125 out of 361 eligible students participated. The standardized DREEM questionnaire, which assesses five domains—students' opinions of learning, instructors, academic self-perception, environment, and social self-perception—was used to gather the data. SPSS version 20 was utilized for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed, and independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to assess associations between students’ characteristics and DREEM domain scores, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Of 361 eligible students, 125 participated (response rate 34.6%). The mean total DREEM score was 111.2/200 (55.6%), indicating a borderline positive EE. Domain scores ranged from 53.9% to 57.5%, reflecting consistently moderate perceptions across all domains, with students’ social self-perceptions scoring the lowest. Eleven items (22%) scored below two, highlighting key problem areas, particularly related to timetabling, teaching effectiveness, and student support systems. DREEM domains are variably affected by gender, residence, and academic level. Conclusions: The EE at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gadarif was perceived as borderline positive, which is comparable to regional and international institutions. However, the relatively low response rate may limit representativeness. The findings highlight specific domains requiring targeted interventions and demonstrate the value of systematic EE assessment in informing evidence-based improvements, particularly in resource-limited medical schools.