Aim of the study: There is clear evidence that a painful procedure in infancy is detrimental to pain response in later life. One such painful procedure is ligating pedunculated accessory digits (PAD) with 2-0 silk ties. This ligation is often done without oral analgesics or local anesthesia after birth. Neonates invariably appear to be in pain during this procedure. An anatomical study is carried out to assess the innervation of these anomalous digits. Method: Over four years (Dec 2011- Jan 2016), 12 infants older than 6-months of age underwent excision of 14 PADs. The digits were obtained after removing them under general anesthesia. PADs were fixed in formalin, mounted in paraffin, and cut in cross-section. The sections were processed and stained by standard nerve staining techniques. Main Results: The narrowest part of the pedicle contains central blood vessels and one large, myelinated nerve bundle that distally fan out to supply the finger. PADs have similar neuroanatomy to a normal digit. Conclusion: It is recommended before excision of a PAD that local anesthesia should be injected (or applied topically) to its base. A tie can then be applied to the pedicle, and the SD excised distal to it.

Background: In both industrialized and developing nations, contact lenses have become a popular substitute for eyeglasses. However, unpleasant reactions can develop during contact lens usage in some cases, and a variety of microorganisms—including bacteria, fungus, and free-living amoebae—may cause a variety of eye infections. The goal of this study was to identify contaminated bacteria from contact Wearers. Method: With the use of sterilized cotton swabs, samples were taken from eye lens solution bottles and cultivated directly on solid medium. All samples were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey's agar and cultured at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Cultures were declared negative if no growth was detected after 48 hours. On the basis of culture diagnosis by growing on medium and completing biochemical tests, bacteria were identified using Gram's staining. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data, which included demographic data as well as risk variables. For data input and analysis of the patient demographic information, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences application (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 20 was used. Simple descriptive statistics were used to assess the results of the culture, biochemical test, gram stain, and demographic data. Every two variables were compared using the Chi-square test. A statistically significant p value was less than 0.05. Result: A total of 150 samples were taken from an aqueous solution of contact lenses in order to isolate microorganisms. Bacteria were isolated from 84 samples in an aqueous solution, whereas 66 samples were found to be growth negative. Pseudomonas aeurogenosa was the most often isolated bacterium, with 39 (46 %), Stapylococcus epidermidis 27 (32%), Staphylococcus aureus 12 (14 %), and Escherichia coli 6 (7%), respectively. Conclusion: The research demonstrates a range of bacteria in the contact lens solution under evaluation, with pseudomonas bacteria being the most frequent. In addition, users who shared contact lenses had more isolated bacteria encounters. The most preventive factor was found to be high compliance with lens care practices, whereas inadequate compliance with hand washing before wearing lenses was associated to a high contamination rate.

Background: Reconstruction of orbital wall fracture is not only difficult but challenging for restoring orbital cavity volume and shape. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of orbital wall fracture reconstructed with limited available resources. Method -A single-center, retrospective analysis of orbital wall fracture reconstructed with silastic sheets from January 2015 to December 2019 was conducted after ethical approval from the institutional review committee. Electronic medical records (EMR) of post-operative cases were thoroughly reviewed and data based on demographic profile, nature of trauma, site of the fracture, surgical complication, and outcome were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20(SPSS). Result-A total of 33 blow-out fractures, 15(45.5%) right eye and 18(54.5%) left eye, reconstructed with silastic sheets were included. Of the total, 23(69.7%) were male. The mean age of patients was 27.79 ± 11.56years (range, 6- 50). The common mode of injury was physical assault 11(33.3%) followed by fall injury 10(30.3%) and road traffic accidents (RTAs) 5(15.2%). An isolated floor fracture was found in 21 (63.6%) cases. The mean duration from injury to surgery was 113.97± 385 days. The mean reduction of enophthalmos and hypoglobus was 1.7±0.6 mm and 1.4±1.2mm respectively. The diplopia, enophthalmos, hypoglobus, and hypoesthesia completely resolved in 88.9%, 92.3%, 100%, and 88.9% cases respectively. Two patients reported implant extrusion. Conclusion-Physical assault, falling injury, and road traffic accidents were common causes of fracture. Overall surgical outcome was good with the silastic implants. However, public awareness against violence, RTAs, and a safe working environment is indispensable for preventing fracture.

When the COVID-19 pandemic started to spread around the world, the situation became difficult for the many educational institutions. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor’s degree of governmental universities , This study aimed to examine nursing students attitude toward e-learning. This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design with 50 nursing students as study participants. Data were collected via online survey tool. The imposition of e-learning sets limitations for older students, Students expressed concern about what an interruption in their nursing education would mean for their future careers as Registered Nurses. Many students in clinical placements were in their final focus clinical practicum, and thus close to successfully completing their program. Some learners were only one or two courses away from completion of their Bachelor of Nursing degree. In addition to cancelling their current clinical placement, they had concerns about progressing in the rest of their program. Digital Health Insights provide healthcare leaders and experts with the latest artificial intelligence and digital transformation news, trends, and strategies in healthcare today. Our goal is to empower you with innovative ways to collect, pool and analyse high-quality data from which you can extract actionable insights. Through artificial intelligence and digital trends in healthcare, we can use these insights to create efficiencies that improve patient care while reducing or streamlining healthcare costs.

Today’s children are tomorrow’s citizens. They are in a continuous process of growth and development. Any alteration in its course leads on to developmental disorders. Of the developmental disorders learning disability plays a significant role as a silent handicap among children. It is estimated that 4-5% of students in school have learning disability. Learning Disability is” A disorder that affect people’s ability to either interpret what they see and hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. Such difficulties extent to school work and can impede learning to read, write or do math”. As there are no specific test to identify children with learning disability, health professionals have to rely mainly on teacher’s report for its diagnosis. Previous studies have proved that teacher’s attitude towards such children have great influence towards their recovery.

Background: The aim of the study was to see the influence on the outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) with Killer Cell Immunoglobulin like Receptor (KIR) mismatching. HSCT is the main mode of treatment for different Hematological Malignancies, Solid Tumors and Autoimmune Diseases. Procedure: Around 65 patients with different Hematological Malignancies were taken from Hospital Databases who underwent Allogenic HSCT from 2012 to 2018 with median age 8yrs(1yr-15yrs). Centromeric B (Cen B) motifs donor and Non Cen B motifs (Centromeric A/A) donor were evaluated and their outcome in HSCT was considered. As for the KIR B Motifs contents, they were evaluated on the basis of greater than 2 or less than 2 and their outcome on HSCT was considered. Results: In this study we found that Cen B motifs donor had the higher survival and relapse protection for pediatric hematological malignancies (DFS 56.482, 95% confidence interval 51.763-61.201, p=0.034) (RR 0.242, 95% confidence interval 0.056-1.056, p=0.044) compared to Non Cen B motifs donor. Donor with greater than two KIR B gene motifs contents had a better survival outcome and less relapse (DFS p=0.027) (RR 0.778, 95% confidence interval 0.665-0.909, p=0.025) compared to KIR B gene motifs contents less than two. Conclusion: KIR genotyping of several best HLA-matched potentials related and unrelated donors should substantially increase the frequency of better outcome in transplants by using grafts with favorable KIR gene content, KIR mismatching between donor and recipient, selecting donor with Cen B motifs and KIR B gene motifs greater than two.

The present work deals with the qualitative and quantitative analyses and the assessment of the antioxidant properties of the extracts of the propolis of Boyo. It appears from this study that the polarity of the solvent used and the yield obtained are inversely proportional. We see here that hexane, apolar solvent presents an extraction yield of 52.08% while methanol, the most polar solvent presents only a yield of 5.21%. The qualitative analysis shows that these extracts contain enough compounds of natural substances and rich in polyphenols in particular flavonoids. The quantification of polyphenols is 0.68 ± 0.09 g EAG/100 g MB for the hexane extract, 2.64 ± 0.43 g EAG/100 g MB for the ethyl acetate extract and 12.64 ± 0.23 g EAG/100 g MB for the methanol extract, then that of flavonoids is 0.21 ± 0.05 g QE/100 g MB for the hexane extract, 0.92 ± 0.03 g QE/100 g MB for the ethyl acetate extract and 2.02 ± 0.02 g QE/100 g MB for the methanol extract. The study of antioxidant activities and the quantification of phenolic compounds of these same extracts showed interesting properties that propolis extracts possess.