Today’s children are tomorrow’s citizens. They are in a continuous process of growth and development. Any alteration in its course leads on to developmental disorders. Of the developmental disorders learning disability plays a significant role as a silent handicap among children. It is estimated that 4-5% of students in school have learning disability. Learning Disability is” A disorder that affect people’s ability to either interpret what they see and hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. Such difficulties extent to school work and can impede learning to read, write or do math”. As there are no specific test to identify children with learning disability, health professionals have to rely mainly on teacher’s report for its diagnosis. Previous studies have proved that teacher’s attitude towards such children have great influence towards their recovery.

Background: The aim of the study was to see the influence on the outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) with Killer Cell Immunoglobulin like Receptor (KIR) mismatching. HSCT is the main mode of treatment for different Hematological Malignancies, Solid Tumors and Autoimmune Diseases. Procedure: Around 65 patients with different Hematological Malignancies were taken from Hospital Databases who underwent Allogenic HSCT from 2012 to 2018 with median age 8yrs(1yr-15yrs). Centromeric B (Cen B) motifs donor and Non Cen B motifs (Centromeric A/A) donor were evaluated and their outcome in HSCT was considered. As for the KIR B Motifs contents, they were evaluated on the basis of greater than 2 or less than 2 and their outcome on HSCT was considered. Results: In this study we found that Cen B motifs donor had the higher survival and relapse protection for pediatric hematological malignancies (DFS 56.482, 95% confidence interval 51.763-61.201, p=0.034) (RR 0.242, 95% confidence interval 0.056-1.056, p=0.044) compared to Non Cen B motifs donor. Donor with greater than two KIR B gene motifs contents had a better survival outcome and less relapse (DFS p=0.027) (RR 0.778, 95% confidence interval 0.665-0.909, p=0.025) compared to KIR B gene motifs contents less than two. Conclusion: KIR genotyping of several best HLA-matched potentials related and unrelated donors should substantially increase the frequency of better outcome in transplants by using grafts with favorable KIR gene content, KIR mismatching between donor and recipient, selecting donor with Cen B motifs and KIR B gene motifs greater than two.

The present work deals with the qualitative and quantitative analyses and the assessment of the antioxidant properties of the extracts of the propolis of Boyo. It appears from this study that the polarity of the solvent used and the yield obtained are inversely proportional. We see here that hexane, apolar solvent presents an extraction yield of 52.08% while methanol, the most polar solvent presents only a yield of 5.21%. The qualitative analysis shows that these extracts contain enough compounds of natural substances and rich in polyphenols in particular flavonoids. The quantification of polyphenols is 0.68 ± 0.09 g EAG/100 g MB for the hexane extract, 2.64 ± 0.43 g EAG/100 g MB for the ethyl acetate extract and 12.64 ± 0.23 g EAG/100 g MB for the methanol extract, then that of flavonoids is 0.21 ± 0.05 g QE/100 g MB for the hexane extract, 0.92 ± 0.03 g QE/100 g MB for the ethyl acetate extract and 2.02 ± 0.02 g QE/100 g MB for the methanol extract. The study of antioxidant activities and the quantification of phenolic compounds of these same extracts showed interesting properties that propolis extracts possess.

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Sitagliptin is a drug used in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor have recently been found to regulate glucose metabolism. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on glycemic control and it is associated side effects in Libyan patients with type 2 diabetes, who had inadequate response to existing anti-diabetic drugs. Hundred patients with a known history of type 2 diabetes were recruited in this study during the period of 2019 and 2020. Sitagliptin (100 mg daily) was added on to the pre-existing therapy for type 2 diabetes and the main outcome measures were a change from the base line in glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma sugar as well as the incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia. All patients were engaged from outpatient clinic of National Diabetes and Endocrinology Center at Tripoli, Libya. The findings show that the actions of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors improve glycaemic control in the patients, and glycated hemoglobin as well as fasting plasma sugar. Thus, sitagliptin is a profound drug for a comprehensive treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with a low incidence of hypoglycemia.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, and continued breastfeeding until the age of 2 years and even beyond depending on the mother's wishes. Objective: Assess the knowledge of mothers on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Patients and Method: This was a prospective and descriptive study for 4 months from July 2019 to October 2019 performed in the pediatrics department of N’Djamena Mother and Child University Hospital about mothers’ knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Studied variables were: profile of breastfeeding mothers, profile of infants, and type of breastfeeding and mothers' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Results: 203 Mothers were interviewed. The age group from 20 to 30 years represented 70%. Mother’s characteristics were: married (97%), housewives (64.5%), unschooled (35.5%). Infant’s characteristics were: male (55.7%), mean age (27.29 days). Predominant breastfeeding was the main type of breastfeeding with 50.2%. Hypogalactia was the main reason for mixed or artificial breastfeeding with 22.1%. Lack of milk flow was the main reason (23.1%). One hundred and forty-four mothers (70.9%) had not received any information about exclusive breastfeeding. According to 32% of mothers, exclusive breastfeeding was of no benefit. The majority of mothers (91.6%) knew the sign of an effective breastfeeding. Conclusion: Breast milk is better and more suitable than any other replacement milk for newborns and infants. The overall results of our survey show that the exclusive breastfeeding is only practiced in a small proportion.

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