Purpose: Diabetes can increase oxidative stress in various tissues of the body, and the progress of this process is associated with intensification of the complications of diabetes. The current study purposed to evaluate the protective effect of Pinus gerardiana (PG) seed on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in the liver and serum of streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was performed on 36 male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (healthy controls, healthy treated with 3% and 6% (PG), diabetic control, diabetic treated with 3% and 6% (PG) doses). After 6 weeks of intervention, weight, glucose, and oxidative stress parameters in serum and liver including total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, total thiol and superoxide dismutase activity were measured. Data analysis was done by statistical software version 16 and Tukey’s one-way ANOVA tests. Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly higher malondialdehyde and fasting glucose levels (12±1.2 mmol/L) and significant reductions in fasting insulin serum, weight (−37%), and activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes, total thiol groups, and total antioxidant capacity of serum and liver (about +49% in liver and +16% in serum) (p < 0.001) compared with the healthy groups. Oral administration of PG nuts to diabetic rats caused a significant reduction in malondialdehyde and fasting glucose levels (−43%) and weight loss (+15%), and a significant increase in activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes, total thiol groups, and total antioxidant capacity of serum and liver (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that PG can decrease fasting blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, reduce weight loss, and improve oxidative stress indices in the serum and liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats. It is a potential therapeutic food supplement for the treatment and prevention of hyperglycemia and high oxidative stress of diabetes.

Purpose: To observe the blood picture of patients with COVID 19 infections and to formulate future guidelines for management. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients with COVID 19 infections who were admitted to one of the Covid-dedicated hospitals in Bangladesh from March-2020 to May-2020. Results: A total of 92 patients were included in this study. 53.3% were male and 46.7% were female. Most of the patient’s haemoglobin percentage was found below normal (53.3%), however, the total count of RBC, WBC and Platelet was found within the normal limits in most of the cases (64.1%,80.4% and 87% cases respectively). 75% of patients had high ESR levels. 50% of cases showed Neutrophilia and Lymphocytopenia in 43.5% cases. Although some cases show changes in Monocyte, Eosinophil and Basophil count they were not significant in number. Conclusions: A significant number of patient’s neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia. Blood parameter is an important tool for managing the COVID-19 patients. With or without co-morbidities maintaining normal blood levels is essential in COVID-19 patient management.

Sigmoid volvulus is the most common type of colonic volvulus and occurs when a portion or whole of the sigmoid colon twists around its blood supply. In sigmoid volvulus, this occurs at the base of the mesentery. Sigmoid volvulus often recurs and it is controversial whether preventive surgery should be performed in recurrent cases, especially in elderly and high-risk cases. Herein, we report the case of an 83 year old man with Parkinson’s disease who presented with acute sigmoid volvulus and was successfully treated with laparoscopic sigmoidopexy i.e. fixation of the untwisted colon to the abdominal wall. Laparoscopic sigmoidopexy may be an acceptable treatment for acute sigmoid volvulus in patients unwilling to undergo definitive resection with colostomy.

Objective: Oncogenic osteomalacia is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by severe hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, and osteomalacia subordinated to renal loss of phosphate. It is caused by overproduction of phosphatonin fibroblast growth factor-23 by benign mesenchymal tumors which, when surgically eliminated, returns to basal levels. Methods: We report a case of a patient with oncogenic osteomalacia from a sacrum mesenchymal tumor whose FGF-23 levels remain elevated two years after successful surgical treatment. Results: A 53-year-old man with severe difficulty to walk and stand, severe hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, and raised levels of alkaline phosphatase and FGF-23 was diagnosed with oncogenic osteomalacia after a thorough process of elimination of causes of hyphosphatemia were excluded. Despite systemic chemotherapy, surgical removal of sacrum, primary mesenchymal tumor, phosphate and calcium supplementation, and no evidence of tumor recurrence, the serum concentration of FGF-23 remains elevated two years after discharge. Conclusions: The possible underlying mechanisms of sustained FGF-23 serum concentrations in this patient suggest the presence of molecular alterations in the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway.

Drug abuse is the use of drugs in amounts or by methods that is harmful for the health. Drug use disorders (DUD) are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes including increased mortality rates [1, 2]. For example, patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST) are shown to have significantly higher non-drug-related mortality including Cancer than the general population [3, 4]. According to the American Cancer Society, substance abuse and addiction make up about 30% of all cancer deaths. In this review article we tried to summarize that drug abuse disorders are risk factors for Cancers.

Epigenetics refers to heritable and dynamic alterations in the whole genes which present in the sequence of nucleic acids. It consider as concurrent reaction with enzymes and several molecular ingredients. Epigenetic changes can cause the incorrect start of coding genes, allowing tumor development. Epigenetic modifiers are becoming potential targets in numerous malignant tumor therapies since they are sensitive to foreign drugs. Different epigenetic medicines that were lately refined and implicated in clinical experiences using of epigenetic medicines solitary or together with immunotherapy and chemotherapy has yielded promising outcomes, containing advanced anti-cancer impact, overcoming therapy resistant, and stimulation of the immune system defense.

The study was aimed to isolate, characterize and determination the antibiotic sensitivity profile of some bacteria associated with infertility in male attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) Kano, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) Semen specimens were collected from males with infertility attending the clinic and General out Patient Department of MMSH Kano. The seminal fluids were diluted with sterile saline, centrifuged and cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Chocolate agar and Mac Conkey agar then incubated aerobically and in 5% CO2 at 37°C for 24 hours for the isolation of pathogenic microorganism. Isolates were identified based on Gram’s staining, biochemical tests and API 20E Test. The result shows a total of seventy six (76) isolates were obtained, Staphylococcus aureus was found to have the highest occurrence of 31 (40.79%), whereas the least was found to be Mycoplasma species, 1 (1.32%). Other microorganisms encountered include; Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species 14 (18.42%), Escherichia coli 11 (14.47%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 6 (7.89%), Proteus mirabilis 5 (6.58%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (7.90%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2 (2.63%). The isolates were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Ceftriaxone and cefuroxime however showed superior activity against most of the isolates. The activity of the Tetracycline and Augmentin against almost all the isolates was not appreciable. Cotrimoxazole and Gentamicin showed moderate activity against most of the isolates and no activity was observed on Mycoplasma and Neisseria gonorrhoeae against most of the antibiotics.