There was a spate of social reform movements in Kerala in the early decades of the 20th century. These were initiated mainly by religious and spiritual leaders. A few communal organizations also arose during this period and sought to cure the ills from which their particular community was suffering. Besides religious zeal, they were motivated by progressive views. They fought against superstitious practices as well as caste based social discrimination. Despite all these eventualities, Malabar was rather insulated by these progressive developments. Following the rebellion of 1921, Malabar became a center of national attention, as the entire area was thoroughly devastated by the aftermath of the riot, socially, culturally, and economically, and paralyzed politically. Great personalities associated with several service organizations flocked to the area to conduct relief, reconstruction, and reform activities on a massive scale.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is characterized clinically by thrombocytopenia, hypercoagulability, and increased risk of thrombosis, and serologically by the presence of antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4). We present a 27-year-old male with persistent holocranial headache and depersonalization, initially attributed to thrombocytopenia following a positive Dengue virus serology. Despite no initial evidence of ischemia on imaging, subsequent findings included extensive venous thrombosis in the right lower limb, contraindicating immediate anticoagulation. The patient later developed a left lacunar ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic transformation and bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism. Examination findings revealed right hemibody weakness and dysplastic megakaryocytes on bone marrow aspirate. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and clinical complexities in managing thrombotic events associated with thrombocytopenia and viral infections.

The article deals with a trichological problem & sees the role of homoeopathy of the AYUSH ministry in dealing with Alopecia Aerata (AA). It begins with the description of the condition followed by its epidemiology at the global & national level. The literature review deals with the description of the problem across the various regions of the globe & how studies have suggested evolving ways to deal with the issue. Various sections like clinical features, risk factor, causes, treatment, support system that is required are the highlights of the article. The burden, challenges are mentioned followed by a section that describes the ‘to do’ activities in future. A homoeopathic treatment protocol is suggested at the end of the article while further aspiring that the integration is done at the programmatic level for the benefit of the masses.

The management of acute calculus cholecystitis has evolved from conservative treatment with intra-venous antibiotics and analgesics to early cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy is considered the definitive management of acute calculus cholecystitis and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis. The management of acute calculus cholecystitis can be divided into early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The current trend in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis is early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The grey areas in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis include the timing of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the role of percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk patients. We have conducted this review article to look at the role of conservative treatment, the time for performing an early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the role of percutaneous cholecystostomy.

Coronavirus related (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic has caused significant mortality and morbidity globally in the last three years. Although, pandemic has waned since last year, we are not in great peace of relief due to lingering effects of COVID-19 persisted even after two years of illness. Radiological phenotypes are radiological patterns or observable characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiological outcomes are initially interpreted as post covid lung fibrosis in short term follow-up of recovered COVID-19 cases in post covid care settings and during long term evaluation these abnormalities are defined as post covid sequalae’s. In present case report, 38-year male, presented in outdoor unit for shortness of breath on exertion with history of severe COVID-19 Pneumonia resulted into acute respiratory distress syndrome with hospitalization in intensive care unit one year back and required high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with Non-invasive ventilatory support (NIV) for two weeks. He was offered oxygen supplementation at home with antibiotics for three months and no requirement of oxygen and some respiratory symptoms even after one year. His HRCT thorax documented at one year of discharge from hospital revealed typical interstitial opacities labelled as Persistent Residual lung abnormalities (RLAs) which are predominantly reticular and linear opacities in peripheral parts of lungs without honeycombing within typical pleural based areas with parenchymal bands and minimally altered lung architecture and preserved lung volume.

Background: Considering the importance of Cryptosporidium spp. to public health and the country's economic situation due to the threat of an outbreak and economic losses. Objectives: this study aimed to detect Cryptosporidium spp. in human in Babylon province using traditional and molecular techniques. Methods: this study was conducted in Babylon province from September, 2023 to March, 2024.a total of 100 human stool samples were examined microscopically for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. from both diarrheal and non-diarrheal patients attend hospitals and public health centers laboratories. Results: by using microscopic examination. The rate of infection with Cryptosporidium spp. was (25/100), 25%. According to sex, the highest infection rate in humans was in males (17/59),28.81% compared to females (8/41) ,19,51%. was recorded in the rate of infection between age groups, the highest rate (13/28), 46.42% observed in < 5years of human. Rural area revealed the highest rate of infection than urban area in human (16/44),36.63%. In molecular diagnosis, DNA extraction was performed for 50 stool samples human 28% (14/50) C hominis 10% (5/50) C parvum 18% (9/50) by nested PCR, in order to investigate the genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. from human in Babylon, five Cryptosporidium spp. isolates. were genetically characterized by SSU-rDNA gene sequencing. The results showed C parvum (1/5) C hominis (4/5). Conclusion: these findings suggested that infection of humans by zoonotic genotypes were the most common genotypes detected in all human samples in Babylon province, to enhance the effectiveness of the One Health approach in preventing Cryptosporidium spp. infection, it is crucial to have a deeper understanding of the environmental, epidemiological, and etiological aspects linked to Cryptosporidium infection. This knowledge will aid in the development of more effective risk management strategies. The future One Health plan seeks to incorporate diverse and interdisciplinary expertise.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis represents a life-threatening complication of diabetes, standing as the foremost cause of mortality associated with the condition. The proficient management of patients suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis hinges upon the expertise and proficiency of nurses, who play a pivotal role in the comprehensive care and treatment of these individuals. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of nurses in the Department of Medicine and Intensive Care Unit at Moulay El Hassan Ben El Mehdi Hospital concerning the biological and clinical parameters, as well as the management protocols, for patients diagnosed with DKA. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to nurses working in both the Department of Medicine (n=8) and the Intensive Care Unit (n=10) at Moulay El Hassan Ben El Mehdi Hospital in Laâyoune. The questionnaire included variables covering demographic characteristics, clinical information, and biological parameters. Results: The majority of nurses (88.8%) demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding the definition of DKA, with most nurses in both departments displaying familiarity with the biological and clinical manifestations of the condition. In terms of management practices, all nurses reported utilizing saline solution or glucose serum based on the patient's blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The study suggests the implementation of standardized educational programs within intensive care units to enhance nurse staffing, improve the level of patient care, and elevate the quality of care delivered to this patient demographic.