Background: Abundant contains polyphenolic components, green tea (GT) offers a wide range of proactive preventative and therapeutic benefits for the modulation of a number of disorders, including acute liver and kidney damage. This study postulated that by lowering inflammatory biomarker levels and exhibiting antioxidant qualities, GT mitigates penicillin-induced renal and the damage to the liver. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine how penicillin affects kidney functions and to ascertain whether GT extract reduces or eliminates the negative effects of penicillin in male rats. Conclusion: By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, GT lessened the effects of penicillin and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. These results point to a possible complementary role for GT extract in reducing liver tissue damage and nephrotoxicity caused by penicillin.

Acute uncomplicated appendicitis has traditionally been managed by early appendicectomy; however, growing evidence has challenged this paradigm, highlighting the potential role of non-operative treatment (NOT), primarily with antibiotics, as a viable alternative. NOT is associated with reduced immediate postoperative complications, shorter recovery times, and a lower risk of surgical complications. Despite these advantages, concerns remain regarding recurrence, treatment failure, and the potential for missed complicated appendicitis. Recurrence rates following successful initial antibiotic therapy are reported to be between 20% and 40% within five years, necessitating careful patient selection and shared decision-making. This review also explores the role of NOT in the management of acute uncomplicated appendicitis in adults, children, and the elderly, looking especially at its efficacy, recurrence rate, and complications in these groups. While appendicectomy remains the definitive treatment with near-zero recurrence rates, NOT offers a safe and effective alternative for selected patients, particularly those wishing to avoid surgery or those with increased operative risk.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain necessitating emergency surgical intervention worldwide. Despite more than a century of clinical and scientific investigation, appendicitis continues to pose significant diagnostic challenges because of its heterogeneous presentation, evolving epidemiological patterns, and overlap with numerous abdominal and pelvic conditions. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the epidemiology and diagnostic evaluation of acute appendicitis, with emphasis on global incidence trends and modern diagnostic strategies. Epidemiologically, acute appendicitis demonstrates marked geographic variation, historically affecting populations in high income countries more frequently, though recent data indicate rising incidence in low and middle income regions. Diagnostic approaches have evolved from relying solely on clinical examination to integrated algorithms that combine clinical scoring systems, laboratory biomarkers, and imaging modalities. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging each play distinct roles, depending on the patient population and resource availability. safety, cost effectiveness, and reduced radiation exposure. Understanding the epidemiology and diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains essential for optimizing clinical outcomes, minimizing complications, and guiding future research priorities in this common surgical emergency.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation and multi-organ inflammation. Conventional treatments primarily focus on symptom control and prevention of organ damage, as no definitive cure exists. Despite advances in immunology and targeted therapies, many patients experience recurrent flares, prolonged reliance on medications, and substantial declines in quality of life. Moreover, the underlying etiology of SLE remains incompletely understood within biomedical frameworks, which seldom incorporate spiritual or karmic perspectives central to various traditional healing systems. This study therefore, examines an alternative viewpoint rooted in the teachings of the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door, as introduced by Dharma Master Jun Hong Lu. Within this framework, SLE is conceptualized as arising from karmic obstacles and spiritual influences, particularly those linked to killing karma from past actions. The Three Golden Buddhist Practices—making vows, reciting Buddhist scriptures, and performing life liberation—are proposed as methods to eliminate karmic obstacles and ascend attached spirits, thereby facilitating healing. The present study documents the successful recovery of one SLE patient through sustained application of these practices. This outcome aligns with two previously published cases of complete cure, illustrating practical implementation and the potential for recovery or long-term remission via dedicated spiritual cultivation. These observations indicate that Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door practices may serve as a valuable complementary approach to promote holistic health and well-being, meriting further interdisciplinary research.

Radiologist burnout has become a significant global concern due to the rapid increase in imaging volumes, administrative responsibilities, and continuous diagnostic workload. Studies report that a large proportion of radiologists experience symptoms such as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced professional satisfaction. Increasing case complexity, time pressure, and repetitive cognitive tasks contribute to mental fatigue and reduced diagnostic performance, making burnout a critical workforce and patient-safety issue. Artificial intelligence [AI] tools are increasingly being integrated into radiology workflows and can prioritize imaging worklists, generate draft reports, and analyze operational data to detect patterns associated with workload stress and cognitive fatigue. Evidence suggests that AI-assisted reporting systems can reduce interpretation time and improve workflow efficiency without compromising diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, predictive models using electronic health record activity logs have been proposed to detect early signals of clinician burnout through behavioral analytics and digital workflow metrics. This review aims to explore the emerging role of artificial intelligence in predicting radiologist burnout and cognitive fatigue through workflow analytics. It seeks to synthesize current literature on AI-based monitoring of radiologist workload, predictive modeling of burnout risk, and the potential of intelligent systems to support sustainable radiology practice and improve diagnostic performance.

Sigmoid volvulus is a rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction that is seen in elderly patients, and the clinical presentation is that of abdominal pain and distension. The diagnosis of this condition is made by performing an abdominal x-ray or a computerized tomography scan that will show the characteristic features of sigmoid volvulus. The management of sigmoid volvulus can be divided into endoscopic therapy and surgical therapy. Endoscopic therapy involves endoscopic detorsion, but this is associated with a high recurrence rate. Surgical therapy involves performing a sigmoid resection and anastomosis or a Hartmann’s procedure. The choice of which surgical procedure will depend on whether the sigmoid volvulus is complicated or uncomplicated. In this review, we will look at the management of sigmoid volvulus by investigating the role of endoscopic detorsion, the surgical management, which includes sigmoid resection and anastomosis, and Hartmann’s procedure.

Background: Lymphomas are heterogeneous malignant neoplasms of lymphoid origin and represent the most common hematologic malignancies worldwide. They are broadly classified into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) based on morphologic and immunophenotypic criteria. Accurate subclassification using immunohistochemistry is essential for appropriate diagnosis and management. Aim: To perform a clinicopathological assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among Iraqi patients, evaluating frequency, age, sex, site distribution, and the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical markers. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 118 cases of malignant lymphoma diagnosed between January 2022 and December 2024. Cases were collected from multiple teaching laboratories and pathology departments. Clinical and pathological data, including age, sex, tumor site, size, biopsy type, and immunophenotype, were extracted from reports. Excisional biopsy was the most common diagnostic method. A panel of 32 immunohistochemical markers was used for classification. Cases with incomplete data or inadequate tissue were excluded. Results: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma predominated (71.2%) over Hodgkin lymphoma (28.8%). HL patients were younger (mean age 23.9 years), while NHL patients had a higher mean age (48.6 years). Classical HL accounted for 97.1% of HL cases, with mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis as the main subtypes. B-cell lymphomas comprised 86.9% of NHL, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as the most frequent subtype (63%). Extranodal involvement was observed in 51.2% of NHL cases, whereas HL was predominantly nodal (88.2%). A male predominance (1.5:1) was noted overall. Conclusion: Distinct epidemiological and clinicopathological patterns exist between HL and NHL in this Iraqi cohort, highlighting the importance of regional data to support diagnostic accuracy and healthcare planning.