Background: Gluten-enteropathy or Celiac disease (CD) is a well-known autoimmune gastroenteropathy. The disease incidence is globally like an iceberg with many cases are believed to be undiscovered in the community. Many researches are continuously done to detect the pathogenesis of the disease. Soluble Interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is well a mediator involved in the inflammatory process including celiac disease. ELISA technique was used to evaluate the serum level of sIL-2R, anti- tissue tTG IgA and anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) IgG. The duodenal histological changes were evaluated dependent on the MARSH grading system. Forty five patients were included in this cross-sectional study with other 45 healthy persons as control group. Statistical analysis using the SPSS system revealed the followings facts. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of sIL-2R in association with duodenal histopathological changes in CD together with other serological and clinical parameters in comparison with healthy individuals (control group). Materials and Methods: A forty five patients were included in this cross-sectional study with other forty five healthy persons as control group. Statistical analysis using the SPSS system to reveal the followings facts. Results: Anemia was present in most of patients. The patients with celiac disease had high levels of serum anti-tTG, DGP & s.IL-2 receptors with significant difference in comparison with the control group (P< 0.05). MARSH grades were highly significant with the immunological markers. Conclusion: CD can be a hidden disease with variable severity modes that can be monitored by immunological and pathological methods. Soluble IL-2R antibody is a good tool to assess CD activity and patient compliance.

The current article discusses clotting through Pulmonary Embolism (PE), thereafter, it delves in to the epidemiology of PE, its clinical features, management & finally the application of homoeopathy to deal with this issue. It concludes with the cost effectiveness & therapeutic effectiveness of the homoeopathic system of medicine & suggests its involvement on a large scale in the nation. It only reinforces the age old concept of managing these chronic conditions through diet, regimen, exercise & homoeopathy. The suggestion of large scale use of homoeopathy is based on the premise of the modalities of essential medicines. The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) envisages that a medicine can be called essential only if it is cost effective, clinically effective & has no side effects. Homoeopathy fits into this triad fully. The article also suggests a treatment protocol based on the typical clinical features of PE & aspires that the public benefits from the protocol at large.

COVID-19 pandemic is over now and we are in great peace of relief after three years of first case reported in China. This pandemic has observed a significant impact on quality of life globally and this puts unforgettable imprints on the history of mankind. Reason for more havoc in this pandemic was less studied virus before this ‘unpredicted or surprise pandemic’ by medical scientists regarding its pathophysiology, available treatment options and lack of effective vaccine to tackle this dragon. Rationale would be COVID-19 is the first observed and reported pandemic of corona virus related global disease apart from its previously occurring SARS and MERS Epidemics. Fast track developments in medical treatment options with use of ultrafast digital and artificial intelligence techniques have curtailed mortality on a large scale globally. Although mortality is significantly reduced, morbidity is documented in significant number of cases worldwide after this Dragon related pandemic. Morbidity due to COVID-19 now called as ‘Long COVID’, which is underreported & half-heartedly evaluated globally. Long COVID is related to persistent immune dysregulation which occurred during evolution of COVID-19 as a natural trend of disease & documented during the course of active viremia, during recovery of viral illness and after the post viral phase. Immune dysregulation occurs in a ‘selected group’ of cases irrespective of disease severity and vaccination status, and observed in cases irrespective of severity of illness as with negligible illness resulted into brainstorming effect on medical scientists and researchers as of today to advanced and mandates further global research. Globally, one third of recovered or affected cases of COVID-19 are facing long covid and need prompt treatment options to tackle this dragon related long term effect on body. ‘Immunomodulatory’ or immunity modifying agents are the primary targets to curtail immune dysregulation and long covid. Some experts recommend ‘disease modifying agents’ to treat long covid cases. Still, many miles to go to reach effective treatment options for long covid and we don’t have effective options as of now for this ‘health issue of global concern’ related to Dragon. Hydroxychloroquine is initially used as an antimalarial and as an anti-inflammatory molecule for decades in various rheumatic conditions with satisfactory results. Despite decades of dependable use and predictable results in the treatment of rheumatic disease, HCQ remains a drug with an ever-expanding number of underlying mechanisms. HCQ was tried initially for prophylaxis treatment of COVID-19 due to its anti-inflammatory properties but has not shown any dramatic results. WHO has removed HCQ from the treatment plan after many trial results with disappointing outcomes. HCQ is a drug with multiple beneficial pleiotropic effects such as immunomodulatory effects which regulates immunological responses that inhibit dysregulated immune system. These Immunomodulatory and or diseases modifying effects of HCQ makes it the future candidate with ‘game changer’ role for management of Long covid resulting from immune dysregulation as a core pathophysiologic pathway of this Dragon Pandemic. Revisiting this old drug with ‘versatile effects’ can be used as treatment option for short time as frontline molecule for Long covid when no definitive options are available after consideration of risk benefit ratio which is a cost-effective treatment option.

Celiac disease (CD) is the most common immune-related gastroenterology which is evoked by the ingestion of gluten peptides found in several types of grains, a condition that rises up both intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. Multiple disease may simulate the CD both in the clinical or pathological diagnosis. This issue should be remembered in dealing with suspicious patients having CD. This article focuses on the main pathologies that may pose similarities with CD.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is considered as one of the most common immunological disorders influencing the thyroid gland. This disorder affect mostly the middle aged people especially the female inspite that there is no age group exclusion. It is a common cause of hypothyroidism. It was clearly that HT is correlated with thyroid cancers especially papillary thyroid carcinoma and lymphoma. In this article we tried to focus the main points of immunopatho- genesis, differential diagnosis and cancer association.

Nine groups of roses namely Micro-miniatures, Miniatures, Mini-Floras, Floribundas, Grandifloras, Hybrid Teas, Climbers, Shrubs and Old Garden Roses are utilized considering their specific purposes. The hips of wild rose have very high concentration of Vitamin C, almost thrice that of the citrus fruits have. The Chinese use the flowers to prepare a drink which acts as an energy stimulant, blood tonic and also works in case of digestive irregularities. Petals of R. damascene are steam distilled to produce true Bulgarian rose oil used in 96 percent of all women’s perfumes. Medicinally it is used to alleviate depression and anxiety. Rose hips also known as seed pot is the round portion just below the petals of rose flower which contains the seeds of a rose plant. Fresh rose hips contain high concentration of Vitamin C and can be used for treatment of cold and flu and Vitamin C deficiency. Moreover, they are also used for stomach disorders like stomach acid deficiency, Gall stones and Gall bladder ailments, Kidney disorders, increasing immune function during exhaustion etc. In food and manufacturing industry they are also used in tea, jam etc. as a natural source of Vitamin C. Antibacterial (Antimicrobial) and Antifungal Activity of Extracts from Rose Antimicrobials or anti-bacterial are generally compounds that kill or slow down the growth of bacteria. Extracts of rose petals have been reported to show anti-bacterial activity against many pathogenic bacteria. The extracts of petals possess anthocyanins that have high antioxidant property as well as anti-inflammatory activity. Anthocyanins are basically polyphenols belonging to the family of compounds known as flavonoids. They are largest group of water soluble pigments present in nature and responsible for red, blue, purple and orange coloration of many fruits, flowers and vegetables. They are distinguished from other flavonoids by their capacity to form flavyliumcations. Rose petal water has also been used as an eye wash and mouth wash. Besides containing anthocyanins the petals of rose are also reported to possess carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, essential oils, Tellimagrandin I, plant acids and Rugosin B. The alcohol Geraniol is the chief constituent of the liquid portion of rose oil, which upon oxidation yields Citral- an aldehyde. Thoil of rose also contains 1-citronellol. Rosa canina L. petals have been reported to increase effectiveness of many antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Recent research shows that extracts from rose petals show good antimicrobial activity against cultures of E.coli, S.pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. As per the study, the alcoholic extract showed the best activity against different pathogenic bacteria followed by the aqueous extract and then the petroleum ether extract. Antibacterial activity of different parts of rose plant has also been carried out where in comparison was made between methanolic and ethanolic extracts of petals, stems and roots of red and yellow rose plant. The report highlighted the antibacterial effect of red rose petal as compared to other extracts. The extract was reported to be highly effective against cultures of E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The comparison of ethanolic extracts of petals and leaves of red rose and orange rose showed maximum activity against P. aeruginosa. A recent study reported moderate to broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of essential oil and different extracts of R. damascena petals against varied gram positive and gram negative bacteria, acid fas bacteria and fungi. Antifungal activity against Penicilliumnotatum, A. niger and Candida albicans and antibacterial activity mainly against gram positive S. aureus, B.subtilis, S.pyogenes and gram negative Acinetobacter baumannii is notable. Aqueous extract of white rose (Rosa damascene) have been studied for their anti-oxidative and cytotoxic properties. The extract has been reported to display excellent cytotoxic action towards the human tumor cell line. At lower doses the extract was reported to show decrease in blood parameters like fasting glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid. The work also reported reduced level of alkaline phosphatase, glutamine pyruvate transaminase, glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase and lipid peroxide level in rats receiving oral administration of acetone extract at 50 mg/kg body weight.

Background [12, 18]: The current article looks into the aspects of HH disorders during the life period out of which fatty liver is one of the main challenges. The article looks into the brief history of public health programs on hepatic health issues in India & the emergence of fatty liver as an issue. It moves on to the current situation on fatty liver in India & the role of Homoeopathy to deal with these disorders therapeutically as a component of Ministry of AYUSH. The article suggests the integration of medical pluralism in hepatic health through inclusion of Homoeopathy in the gamete of HH health. As each & every drug in Homoeopathy is only proved on human beings, all the drugs have a mental component as it is only human beings who can express their physical & mental symptoms during proving of the drugs as per the guidelines set by the Homoeopathic Research Councils (HRC) of each nation. In India, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, an autonomous body under the ministry of AYUSH lays out such guidelines. The article gains more relevance during the current COVID 19 pandemic which has precipitated the stress levels of population since March 2020 and most of them are more prone to liver disorders during their life stage.