Background: Health care workers are key players in the prevention and management of HIV-infection. Materials and method: Descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted in Omdruman Teaching Hospital, Aim to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses towards HIV/AIDS’ patients, in the period between September to December 2019. Data was collected from 125 nurses, by using two methods: Self-administered questionnaire and observation check list. Results: Study result showed that, there was high knowledge about causative organism (96%), poor knowledge regarded the body fluids contains virus and methods of sterilization that kill the virus (19.2%). Satisfied knowledge was found about mode of transmissions, nursing procedures may lead to exposure to infection (72.8%), precaution measures taken by the nurses against HIV/AIDS while there was a poor practice of universal precautions. On the other hand, observation of hospital wards revealed insufficient measures to reduce the risk of HIV transmission (e.g. non-functioning water taps, lack of supplies and equipment). Study indicates there was a considerable percentage incidence of accidental needle sticks injuries (48.8%), but measures to be taken (post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines) after occurrence was poor. Conclusions: In general, negative attitudes and misconceptions were observed. 46.4% of nurses were afraid of caring an AIDS’ patients. It is suggested that continuous in-service training be instituted to improve practice, to dispel misconceptions and to develop favorable attitude.

Background: Foot ulceration in patients with diabetes is a costly and common problem and the leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation. With the rising global burden of diabetes in industrialized and developing nations, more attention is being dedicated to this issue. Although much effort has been put toward the study of treatment of ulcers, research on the prevention of this disease is still somewhat limited. (Lavery LA, 2012). Aim: of this study was to evaluate an intensive diabetes foot education program for veterans at high risk for foot ulcer. Methods: This is a quasi pre experimental study with pre and posttest implemented to evaluated the effect of the diabetic training program for foot care promotion and ulcer prevention. We invited 100 consecutive patients with diabetes from a Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinic who were insensate to the Semmes-Weinstein 5.07 monofilament to participate in a foot care education program. Two sessions were conducted by a nurse diabetes educator 3 months apart. Multiple educational approaches were used to teach patients foot self-examination, foot washing, proper footwear, and encouragement in enlisting proper physician foot care. Knowledgeand satisfaction with care was measured before and after each visit. Results: The 34 patients who attended both education sessions improved their foot care knowledge over the course of the program. After the second session, the mean improvement over baseline was 14%. These patients also reported improved satisfaction with foot care; mean improvement was 33%. Conclusions: An intensive education program improved the foot care knowledge and behavior of high-risk patients and reduces foot ulceration as well as callus formation and fungal infection especially in high-risk patients. The study recommended continuous educational program for both diabetic patient and health provider should by applied.

The increasing emphasis on best-practice has meant that health care professionals are keenly encouraged to ensure delivery of the highest quality service provision. Where professionals are witness to serious professional misconduct ‘whistleblowing’ in considered as the last resort towards eliciting action and change. However, research suggests that the outcome for the whistleblower and in some cases, the services themselves, rarely exceeds, impacts or indeed even equals the benefit of exposing the problem. Researchers in the area concur that there requires a review of policy and procedure in this area. In considering the experiences of whistleblowers within healthcare services, this paper aims to pose a number of questions for service managers and policy makers to consider, in order to review existing whistleblowing guidelines, with the hope of improving an already prohibitive procedure and ultimately representing true, best practice across all levels of health care services.

Background and Aim: Effective delegation influence work fulfillment, obligation, profitability, and professional advancement of nursing career. Delegation is the key for nurse managers and future leaders keeping in mind the end goal to ensure beneficial results. The main aim of this review was to explore the nurses’ and nurse managers’ attitudes toward delegation. Methods: Studies published in years 2009 - 2019 were evaluated. International electronic databases such as Ovid MEDLINE, PuMed, Ovid OLDMEDLINE, Embase Classic + EMBASE (Ovid), The Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), The Cochrane Library (Wiley) and CINAHL Plus (EBSCOhost) were explored to find articles written in English-language using relevant keywords. All cross-sectional studies and quantitative and qualitative studies which focused on the specific topic have been searched as well. Findings: 845 articles were searched. After checking for duplicates, 815 papers were left for evaluation of titles and abstracts. This left 30 articles for reading of full texts. Of these, 18 papers did not meet the aim. Another six articles were not conducted within general practice settings. The remaining six articles were read thoroughly to appraise them according to the quality criteria. Only one of them did not meet the quality criteria. Hence, five studies were included in the present review. Conclusion: The nurse managers showed positive and good level of attitude toward delegation. Effective delegation skill should be enhanced for the nurse managers. Further research is strongly needed to cover this topic with conducting relationship with other variables.

Nurses focus on medical diagnosis and they move away from providing the holistic care to their patients. This impairs the essence and goal of nursing science. Nursing theories have been marginalized in several parts of the world including South Asian countries like Pakistan. The fact that nursing science and biological sciences have different philosophical underpinnings is important to be realized by nurses. The authors of this article have highlighted educational, administrative and policy level issues in nursing theory guided practice and their practical solutions with future implications in Pakistan. The paper may serve as a whistle blower to inform future directions in regards to nursing theory guided practice.

Nurses in dermatology perform a number of specific procedures in health care. Dermatological examination includes clinical examination of the skin and visible mucous membranes, with appropriate diagnostics, when a swab is taken for mycological or bacteriological treatment in case of suspicion of infection. In case of need for histopathological confirmation or exclusion of a certain diagnosis, a biopsy sample is taken or other diagnostic procedures and laboratory tests are indicated. After diagnosis, the decision is made for appropriate treatment according to the guidelines of modern dermatology. One of the most common standardized procedures in health care is the application of local therapy. This specifically means applying the drug to the surface of the skin, scalp or nails in a particular form - creams, ointments, solutions or oils. In addition to local therapy, the use of ultraviolet radiation, ie phototherapy, also plays an important role in the treatment of various dermatoses. Nurses prepare and educate patients before performing this form of therapy. In patients with chronic wounds on the lower legs, the nurse conducts local therapy in the form of compresses, solutions, gels. This form of therapy must be performed with the use of compression therapy set by a nurse. In monitoring and conducting therapy for chronic wounds, a list for monitoring chronic wounds is used. Nurses keep nursing records for patients on the hospital ward, using a transfer list and a list to track chronic wounds. The most important role of the nurse is to educate through the implementation of various forms of local therapy during the stay in the hospital and thus help the patient in the application of local therapy at home after discharge from the hospital.

Documentation is vital for a safe, ethical, and effective nursing care in clinical setting. Nursing practice requires documentation to ensure continuity of care, planning, and accountability, as well as in the promotion and uptake of evidence-based practice. This study was to assess the nurses’ attitude towards documenting nursing care and factors affecting documentation. The study may suggest ways of improving attitude of nurses towards nursing documentation. The study used a quantitative, descriptive survey design in which self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 199 staff nurses. With the aid of SPSS version 20, data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics. Majority of the participants were females (70.6%) and most of the respondents’ years of experience are within the range of 6-10 years (29.4%). Findings shows that nurses have good attitudes towards documentation. However, they disagree that the employees are always reluctant to accept changes in the work process. Also most respondents (83.9%) agreed that lack of time contribute to nurses’ attitude towards documentation. Most of the respondents disagreed that Lack of knowledge may not be a factor affecting documentation (86.1%). Thus, Proper and effective nursing documentation is very important in hospitals and effective ways of improving nurse’s attitude towards documentation should be conducted through seminars and workshops.