Community pharmacists, like other health care providers, have a crucial role in controlling and preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus. They should possess adequate knowledge to help in the response against this infection. This study assessed the knowledge and preparedness of community pharmacists working in community pharmacies within a component city in northern Philippines. A descriptive quantitative design was used. Sixty community pharmacists responded to the online survey of a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage and mean while tests to determine significant difference were done using Independent Samples T-test and One-way ANOVA. Results showed that the community pharmacists are fully knowledgeable about the signs and symptoms, screening guidelines, and transmission prevention for COVID-19. Furthermore, the community pharmacists were fully prepared to manage or control COVID-19 transmission and implement preventive measures to address the pandemic. There is no significant difference in the knowledge and preparedness of the community pharmacist when grouped according to demographic profile. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between the knowledge and preparedness of the community pharmacists toward COVID-19. The researchers conclude that community pharmacists possess the knowledge and preparedness needed to help in the effective response against COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the significance of telemedicine for delivering healthcare services. However, the rapid development of a framework for telemedicine implementation necessitates the investigation of the existing acceptance and satisfaction of Filipino respondents and physicians. This study assessed the satisfaction of patients with telemedicine in Tuguegarao City in terms of system, information and healthcare service quality. Employing a descriptive quantitative design was used and 230 respondents were included and selected through snowball sampling. A structured questionnaire based on Yip et al., (2003), Bakken et al., (2006), Lin, Z. (2017), and Parmanto et al., (2016) was also used. Gathered data were analyzed using mean, frequency, and percentage while test of significant difference was also conducted using independent sample T-test and One-way ANOVA. Results indicate slight satisfaction among telemedicine users in Tuguegarao City across quality dimensions: system, information, and health service. Moreover, significant differences in the level of satisfaction exist in the respondent’s age, educational attainment, average monthly income, occupation, type of residences, and number of health services availed. It was revealed that respondents who are 18 to 24 years old and are commonly senior high school and college graduates had the lower level of satisfaction with the overall quality of telemedicine. While respondents with lower monthly income, in rural areas and who availed more than two services appeared to have better satisfaction with telemedicine services. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that the respondents are slightly satisfied with the telemedicine services within Tuguegarao City.

Early childhood is a time when almost all of the child's potential is experiencing a sensitive period to grow and develop rapidly and violently. This growth and development are influenced by nutritious and balanced food intake and intensive stimulation by parents. If children are given intensive stimulation from their environment, especially in the family, then children will be able to undergo their developmental tasks well. This study aims to analyse parents' knowledge and behaviour in providing early childhood development stimulation. This study used a descriptive correlational design with a cross sectional approach conducted at RA Qurrota A'yun Kepanjen Malang Regency East Java Indonesia in 2023 which was attended by 56 respondents. The result of this study is that there is a relationship between knowledge and parental behaviour in providing developmental stimulation in early childhood with a p value of 0.003 and a relationship strength of 0.390 which reflects that the strength of the relationship is quite strong and positive.

Temper tantrums in children Toddlers often cause parents frustration so a solution is needed to overcome this. This study aims to determine the effect of therapeutic group therapy on the incidence of temper tantrums in toddler-aged children. The research design used in this research is a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest–posttest approach using a control group. This research was conducted in October 2023 in Pakisaji, Malang Regency. This research involved 9 children (aged 2-3 years) in the Pakisaji sub-district area as the treatment group and 9 other children as the control group. The treatment group was given 6 sessions of therapeutic group therapy over a period of 3 weeks. The results of the analysis using the paired sample test showed that in the treatment group there was a significant difference in the value of children's temper tantrums before and after being given treatment, namely with a value of p=0.039 (<0.05). Meanwhile, in the control group, the p value = 0.085 (> 0.05) was obtained, which indicated that there was no significant difference. The results of the analysis of differences in the incidence of temper tantrums before and after treatment between the treatment group and the control group were carried out using an independent sample t test and the results obtained were p=0.387 (>0.05). These results show that there is no significant difference in the incidence of pre and post temper tantrums between the treatment and control groups. The conclusion of this study proves that there is no significant influence from the application of Therapeutic Group Therapy on the incidence of temper tantrums in toddler. because there are many factors that can influence it including the parenting style of parents.

Elderly lacto-vegetarians have been identified as a high-risk group of nutrient deficiency like Protein, Fat, carbohydrate, calcium, multivitamin etc., due to unbalanced eating pattern. A descriptive cross-sectional study has been conducted at Budhanilkantha Municipality among 113 respondents. Data was analyzed in statistical software like SPSS version 25 and Microsoft excel. The study showed that 33.6% respondents were overweight, 19.4% were obese and 46.9% were normal according to BMI. Waist Hip Ratio shows that (46.9%) of the respondents had Moderate health risk, (20.3%) were in high health risk and 32.7% were normal in healthy range. Waist Circumference shows that out of total respondents 33.9% had increased risk of metabolic complications among Male (14.6%) and Female (19.2%). 61% of respondents were at the substantially increased risk of metabolic complications, Male (11.3%) and Female (49.7%). Factor such as Calories intake (P=0.00), fat intake (P=0.00), Gender (P=0.002), Ethnicity (P=0.00), Education level (P=0.00), Religion (P=0.000), Meal Intakes (P=0.00), Skipping Meals (P=0.00), carbohydrate intake (P=0.00), protein intake (P=0.00), were found to be statistically significant with Nutritional Status according to WHR. Factor such as Carbohydrate intake (P=0.019), Protein intake (P=0.00), were found to be statistically significant with Nutritional Status according to BMI. Majority of elderly lacto-vegetarian respondents were overweight and obese according to BMI and WHR shows health risk as well. Associated factors of Nutritional status are Gender, Religion, Ethnicity, Education level, Calories, Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrate.

Background: The staff nurses services of tracheostomy patients care play a very vital role based on the principle of ’time saving is lifesaving’. Tracheostomy care is a major health issue in various parts of the world. The number of patients with tracheostomy is increasing in both developed and developing countries. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice regarding tracheostomy care among the staff nurses and to develop protocol on tracheostomy care. Methods: A pre-experimental research approach, one group pre-test and post-test research design was adopted to carry out the present study non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 30 staff nurses. Data was collected by means of structured knowledge of questionnaire to assess the knowledge and observational checklist to assess the practice of staff nurses regarding tracheostomy care. The analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, means, median, mode, standard deviation, mean difference t-test and chi square test in IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: A purely improvement in the score of knowledge and practice regarding tracheostomy care among staff nurses was observed (P<0.05). There was also a significant association between the knowledge score and the clinical experience (P= 0.03) and CNE on tracheostomy care (P= 0.01). Conclusion: The staff nurse has inadequate knowledge and fair practices regarding tracheostomy care. A video assisted teaching and protocol administration is an effective strategy to increase their knowledge and improve their practice. Also, holding in-service training courses regarding the tracheostomy care is considered necessary.

The world is greatly out of balance on issues of health and equal distribution of resources. In the mist of scarce resources corruption has compounded the problem of health care institution as it affects the five dimensions of health system performance; access to care, quality of care, equity in health care services, efficiency of healthcare sector and efficacy of healthcare services. Corruption is a complex, multifaceted and a global issue in health system as no country is exempted, though it is more obvious in the developing world. In the health sectors corruption ranges from smaller- scale acts by doctors and nurses who collects bribes from patient before treatment, falsify data, to larger- scale acts at hospital administrator’s level or ministerial level, when people in power embezzle public funds or redirect resources from those who need it for their own benefit which affects population health. The effect of corruption on health outcome of such population is devastating. Since corruption severally comprise quality of health services, there is need for significant regulatory oversight, transparency and accountability. To attain health for all and implement the fundamental health right, corruption must be eradicated or dwindled to barest minimum for effective implementation of healthcare care services that will enhance population health positively.