The brand loyalty refers to the customer’s connection towards a particular brand and also the commitment to remain loyal towards it without getting influenced by situational factors and resisting brand switching action. There are substantial differences between male and female shoppers in terms of their attitude towards brand loyalty and shopping patterns. It is to be noted that male and female shoppers differ in their respective shopping styles and patterns. The current study is based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The research design adopted for the study is descriptive where the analysis of gender-based choices and brand loyalty is done which results in giving a push to promotion mix activities in Kurdistan. The sampling technique adopted for the study is simple random sampling which surveyed 216 respondents. The result analysis is done through one sample t-test and one-way Anova with the alpha value of .01 with medium effect. All the dimensions are measured on 5-point Likert scale. The three scopes of the study are well outlined as conceptual scope (promotion mix, brand loyalty), industrial scope (gender-based marketing), and geographical scope (Kurdistan). Study formulated the research problem as to verify the variance in brand loyalty and how far it pushes the promotion mix activities specifically based on gender differences. To reach the solution for this problem, research has been done through three objectives cited to know the importance of gender in determining consumer brand loyalty. It can be observed that difference in one’s gender has shown very insignificant agreement on responses for brand loyalty or while evaluating similarity and dissimilarity. In response towards promotion mix activity has come up with a highly varying opinion by two genders, and third objective as the assessment of male/female understanding of brand loyalty is clear in with a very high variance in the opinion of respondents. All the three hypothesis formulated have a strong acceptance of concept with a very high variance and insignificant opinion with one way Anova test.

Hong Kong is ranked as the most expensive housing market in the world and there has been a great outward property investment from Hong Kong to the UK which recently extended Zero Stamp Duties for First time home buyer until June 2021 and Zhuhai which is a city of Great Bay Area which offers free time buyer purchase quota for Hong Kong resident.

This study examined the effect of financial liberalization on interest rate behaviour in Nigeria from 1987 through 2018. The study made use of secondary data collected from various editions of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin covering the period under this study. Analysis of the collected data was carried out using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model which is an unrestricted VAR designed to be used with non-stationary data series that are found not to be cointegrated. The Augmented Dickney-Fuller test revealed that all the research variables were stationary at order one while the Johansen cointegration test revealed no cointegration relations among the variables. furthermore, while the proxies of financial liberalization such market capitalization and banking sector spread significantly but negatively influenced the behaviour of interest rate and by extension, Nigerian economic growth, deposit interest rate against the a priori expectation, showed a weak and negative relationship with lending interest. Degree of trade openness however, aligns with a priori expectation as it showed a positive but weak relationship with lending interest rate. The causality test revealed that financial liberalization has strong causality effect on the behaviour of interest rate. Based on these findings, this study concluded that financial liberalization was a strong determinant of lending interest rate behavior and has a strong causality effect on lending interest rate. Arising from this conclusion, it was recommended that government should continue to formulate economic policy that will structurally support full deregulation of the financial sector, especially, the foreign exchange market that still witnesses intermittent interventions by the regulatory authorities.

In the contemporary world one can hardly find someone without a smartphone; where his/her fingers would be busy texting online with a person(s) on the other end. Social Networking Sites (SNS) are clearly becoming an effective, efficient, reliable and chosen form of communication. At present, the usage of SNSs has increased drastically which has an extensive influence on people in numerous ways, particularly on their interpersonal relationships. Smartphones have become increasingly popular for personal, professional and official use. This research investigates the impact of SNS on the interpersonal relationships of officers/employees/friends/neighbours and impact on work efficiency due to their increasing usage of smart phones. Smartphone usage at workplace, whether it for assistance or an interference to work and its implications on performance of employees.

The result of management efficiency estimate is essential for all organization because it actively influences existing socio-economic status and foster their growth. Research has shown that using more than one theory would help to gain deep perspectives and detailed knowledge of the practice. This study constructs a theoretical framework by integrating three theories to explain Managements’ efficiency. The study explains that theories complement each other and do not compete. Integrating Just in Time Theory in Managements’ efficiency helps organization to build competitive edge, minimal waste and financial increase. This study also reveals that any organization that integrates Resource Based View Theory will maintain competitive advantage over its competitors through implementation of distinct resource. Rational Choice Theory assists the management to make the best-expected decision, after considering several alternatives. This study concludes that Just in Time Theory, Resource Based View Theory and Rational Choice Theory are valuable and enhances managements’ efficiency if rightly integrated.

This study examined the effect of bank financial intermediation on the performance of agricultural sector in Nigeria between 1992 and 2017. Time series data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Agricultural sector output (AGOUT) was proxied as the endogenous variable to measure the performance of agricultural sector, and regressed on Commercial Bank Credits to Agricultural sector (CBCA), Commercial banks’ Gross Saving deposits (CGSD), Microfinance Bank Credits to Agricultural sector (MBCA), Microfinance banks’ Gross Saving Deposits (MGSD) and Deposit Interest Rate (DIR) as the proxies of bank financial intermediation. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model was employed for data analysis. The results showed that the previous year deviation from long-run equilibrium was corrected in the current period at an adjustment speed of 22%.The result also showed that in the long run, most of the bank financial intermediation variables were positively and insignificantly stimulating agricultural performance in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was concluded that bank financial intermediation was positive but insignificant determinant of agricultural performance in Nigeria in the long run. It was therefore, recommended that government through the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should moderately increase the deposit interest rate to encourage savings while special directive should be given to banks to give priority to lending request from agricultural sector.

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the payroll accounting information system at the East Java Regional Development Bank. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach—data obtained using observation and direct interviews. This study's analysis unit is internal control on the payroll stem, including organizational structure, authority stem, and recording procedures, healthy work practices, and qualified employees. The results of this elaboration indicate that the accounting information system carried out by the East Java BPD (Bank Pembangunan Daerah East Java/Jatim) is sufficient, with all internal controls being fulfilled. This research aims to improve the quality of accounting information systems in East Java BPD's payroll division in an integrated manner. Proposals that can be given are about increasing employee discipline, authorization, and responsibilities and recording official travel transactions. The contribution of this research is to provide recommendations for policymakers to improve the company's internal control. This research's added value lies in evaluating information systems that can be applied to divisions or other parts of the company.