Abstract: This study aims to analyze the role of conflict management in enhancing the organizational work environment by examining the relationship between conflict management and the organizational work environment. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection from a sample of 150 employees and academics from the University of Tikrit. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the relationships between variables and identify the key influencing factors. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between conflict management and the improvement of the organizational work environment. Effective conflict management was shown to contribute to enhanced collaboration, increased productivity, and support for a positive work environment. The results also emphasized the importance of management's role in supporting conflict management strategies and providing appropriate training to address challenges arising from conflicts in the workplace. The study recommends fostering a culture of constructive conflict resolution, training employees and leaders on effective conflict management strategies, and ensuring proactive and sustainable managerial intervention in handling conflicts.

This study examines the relationship between workplace happiness and magical thinking among academic staff at Samaraa University. Grounded in theories of positive psychology and cognitive flexibility, it explores whether emotionally supportive work environments enhance imaginative and non-linear cognitive styles commonly identified as magical thinking. Employing a quantitative descriptive correlational design, data were collected from 120 academic staff members via a self-administered online questionnaire. Two validated instruments—the Workplace Happiness Scale and the Magical Thinking Inventory—were utilized, both measured on 5-point Likert scales and demonstrating strong reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.75). Data analysis using SPSS included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed a statistically significant and strong positive relationship between workplace happiness and magical thinking. Furthermore, variations in these constructs were observed across demographic groups including gender, age, and years of experience. These results indicate that emotional well-being is a key predictor of imaginative cognition in academic contexts. The study recommends integrating emotional support and cognitive development strategies in faculty management to foster creativity and visionary thinking within higher education institutions.

Abstract: In the context of digital transformation, moral education for elementary school pupils becomes a core element and is increasingly necessary. Pupils should be equipped with the skills to use technology responsibly, including adhering to ethical values such as respecting privacy, protecting personal information, and maintaining civil communication in the classroom and digital space. This requires not only the transmission of knowledge but also practical educational activities, closely coordinated between school, family, and society. This process must go hand in hand with continuously updating teaching methods appropriate to the digital environment to ensure comprehensive pupil development, both in knowledge and personality. Digital transformation is not only a change in teaching methods but also requires a deep awareness of ethical education. To be successful, synchronous support is needed from school, family, and society, along with appropriate policies and advanced infrastructure. Through a survey of 51 administrators and teachers, the study analyzed perceptions of the role, goals, content, and methods of ethical education in the digital transformation period. Also, it made recommendations for setting up ethical education practice to improve the quality of moral education in this context.

Abstract: Diversification of exports involving products and trading partners is an important issue for all countries including developing countries. Over-concentration of exports in a few products and to a few destination countries poses higher risks. The main objective of this paper is to quantify the degree of product and geographical concentrations of exports for selected Asian countries: Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The paper uses the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to measure product and geographical concentrations of exports. The paper finds that product concentration of exports is highest for Bangladesh and lowest for China. The paper highlights that geographical concentration is highest for Cambodia and lowest for China. The paper observes that all the seven countries have a trade surplus with the USA. Furthermore, Cambodia and Vietnam are more dependent on the US market compared to the other countries. Finally, the paper highlights that exports of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to the USA are dominated by knitted and non-knitted apparel.

The Iraqi economy suffers from increased public spending due to the rise in money supply resulting from the growth in hard currency oil revenues. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between broad money supply and public spending. The study is based on the hypothesis that a monetary policy shock, represented by money supply, has a positive and proportional impact on public spending. To test this hypothesis, the inductive method was employed alongside the analysis of several macroeconomic variables and the measurement of asymmetric effects using the dynamic cumulative multiplier, in order to obtain results that could be generalized. The study found that the broad money supply affects public spending, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.418%. The short-run symmetric relationship further confirms that a 1% increase in money supply leads to a 0.32% increase in public spending in the second month, rising to 0.45% in the third month, and stabilizing at 0.40% until the end of the study.

The oil sector plays a significant role in the Iraqi economy, particularly through its revenues, as oil exports constitute approximately 96% of total exports. These revenues influence all macroeconomic variables, including national income, gross domestic product (GDP), foreign trade, and investments in all their forms. The direction of economic development depends largely on fluctuations in global oil prices, in addition to unexpected factors such as external shocks. These exports also play a crucial role in shaping the structure of foreign trade in oil-producing countries, including Iraq, which faces numerous challenges that hinder the process of economic development, such as the lack of capital prepared for investment and insufficient domestic savings. The research problem lies in determining whether oil revenues have contributed to increasing GDP and financing the general budget, thereby improving economic growth rates. The primary objective of the research is to validate the hypothesis by highlighting the reality of the oil sector in Iraq, including its material and moral capabilities and oil privileges, and clarifying the impact and role of the oil sector in enhancing economic growth rates. The research adopts the inductive approach to achieve its objectives by exploring the concept of the oil sector and its impact on realizing desired economic growth rates, using quantitative econometric methods to measure the effect of oil revenues on GDP in Iraq through the use of the EViews 9 program. According to the econometric analysis, the relationship between oil revenues and GDP is a direct one. Oil revenues are the main source of generating national income and GDP, as Iraq directly relies on oil revenues. Thus, the hypothesis has been proven correct through both the analytical and econometric aspects, confirming that oil revenues play a key role in increasing GDP and consequently improving economic growth rates.

This study focuses on clarifying the fundamental issues of managing teaching activities at secondary schools in Binh Tan District, Ho Chi Minh City, in the direction of digital transformation. The main objective of the project is to systematize the theoretical and practical basis of teaching at secondary schools in the direction of digital transformation, assess the current status of managing teaching activities at secondary schools in the direction of digital transformation, and propose effective management measures to improve the quality of teaching in the direction of digital transformation. The results of theoretical and practical research on 120 people who are managers and teachers in some secondary schools in Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh City, show that, despite efforts in management, there are still many limitations and challenges that need to be overcome. Proposed measures focus on improving the capacity of managers and teachers, improving facilities and teaching equipment, along with strengthening coordination among stakeholders.