The custard fruit contains a high percentage of antioxidants. Cream contains antioxidants that fight free radicals in the body. As is known, high levels of free radicals can cause oxidative stress associated with many chronic diseases such as cancer. Studies have confirmed that the peel and pulp of the cream fruit are excellent sources of antioxidants, in addition to the presence of other compounds in the peel that are particularly effective in preventing oxidative damage. However, eating the crust of the cream is not recommended due to some health concerns.

Hausa land lies within the North-West of Nigeria and the southern part of Niger. Despite the low nature of rainfall distribution and the insistent drought which befell the zone, there exist streams, rivers, and lakes, which traverse the area. These water phenomena are filled up with water during the rainy season. This provides quite a good number of fishing grounds stocked with freshwater fish. Examples include among others, the river Rima, Haɗejiya, and the river Niger which entered into Nigeria at Bahindi, having crossed several West African countries. The natural lakes that exist include the Nato, Kalmalo, and Saru, to mention but a few. There are also several man-made dams, examples of which include among others, Bakalori, Goronyo, and Kainji. Smaller earth dams also abound. The availability of fishery resources paved the way for fishing activities to strive in Hausa land. Hausa professional fishermen ‘Sarkawa’ put into practice some cultural traits among which is the ‘tsaraka’, a good luck charm that they prepare to solicit for luck and success of getting a good catch during fishing expeditions. It is this culture of ‘tsaraka’ practiced by the ‘Sarkawa’ (professional fishermen) while executing ‘sarkanci’ (professional fishing) that this paper explored and analyzed. The primary information is sourced directly from Sarkawa through a survey. Obtained data is completely analyzed and discussed. The paper has found out that despite deep acceptance and practice of Islam as the religion of ‘Sarkawa’, up to the present time, various forms of good luck charms are still being prepared and put to use by the Hausa Fishermen, to invite luck and enhance good catch while fishing.

Industries that used nanoparticles has wide applications, among them are; in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, therapies, and much more. Plants, algae, or microorganisms can be used in the synthesis nanoparticles, and combustion byproducts can also be used to make nanoparticles. In this study, silver nanoparticles (NPs-Fe) were synthesized from rosemary leaf extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L) in order to create an antibacterial compounds for use as a fruit preservative. By using UV-VIS spectroscopy and phytochemical analysis to analyze NPs-Fe qualitatively and quantitatively, which are revealed an absorption in the 389-418nm regions, which matches the resonance of their surface plasmons. The size and morphology of the NPs-Fe were also determined using scanning electronic microscopy, which revealed a spherical shape with a diameter of 23nm, while the bioactivity exam to shows inhibitory effect against several pathogenic bacteria.

The research was aimed at evaluating the growth and yield performance of tomato under different water regimes and different ricehusk biochar application rates. A trial was conducted during the 2022 dry season at Wudil in Kano State. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot design. The experiment consisted of two factors; biochar at six different application rates (15, 13.75, 12.5, 11.25, 8.75 and 5tons/ha) and irrigation regimes (100, 50 and 25% irrigation). Which were combined to produce 18 treatments? Prior to planting, fifteen soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected randomly and bulked to obtained three composite soil samples for physical and chemical analysis using standard laboratory procedures. Growth and yield parameters were taken from 2WAT at 2 weeks intervals in each plot and. The result showed that aplication of biochar has a significant effect on crop growth and yield especially at 50% irrigation. Therefore it is recommended that 15tons/ha of rice husk biochar at 50% irrigation is very suitable for use by farmers in the study area.

The effects of seed provenance on daily seed germination, cumulative a seed germination and germination percentage of Jatropha Curcas L. was studied in the 2019 at the fruit and vegetable teaching and research Farm of Department of agricultural Science, Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto, Nigeria. The study area comprised of four senatorial zones of Sokoto state, Nigeria covering Sokoto Central Zone with Sokoto South, Wamakko, Kware and Binji Local Government Area. The Sokoto West Zone with Bodinga, Yabo, Shagari and Tambuwal Local Government Area. Sokoto East Zone with Gwadabawa, Goronyo, Isah and Sabon-Birni Local Government Areas. Seed accessions collected were dried properly and fumigated with nuval chemical and stored in polyethene bags. Uniform seed treatment was given to all the accessions prior to sowing, by soaking the seeds in water for 12 hours and subsequently sown directly on the field. They were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Spacing was within the main plot, while seed germination was allocated the sub-plot. Data were recorded on percentage establishment, Daily seed germination, cumulative seed germination and germination percentage after the establishment count. Significant means were separated using the Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The highest daily germination (3.33a) was recorded at the seed accession (SE1), followed by the SE2 (P>3.00a) and the least being the SE4 (p<1.00C) whereas on the cumulative germination however, the seed accession at SE1 had the highest (P>17.67a) followed by those of accessions SC1 and SW4 (who were at par (P<14.33bc) and the least that form the accession of SC4 (P<5.33f). The seed accession at SE1 had the highest (P.>88.33a), followed by the SC1, and SW4 which were statistically at far (P.<71.67). Whereas the least being that at the accession SC3 (P.<46.67e). Consequently the seed at accession SE1 are therefore recommended for Jatropha cultivation in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria.

Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop, which receives the most attention of specialists in plant breeding and production as worldwide. The Knowledge of the interaction between genotypes and environment with yield and yield components is a key aspect of effective selection in crop improvement. Therefore, the objective of this study was: to identify Adaptable bread wheat variety/ies with high level of grain yield and yield stability across locations. The study used 16 bread wheat released varieties, against local check at Fitche Agricultural Research Center (FiARC) in 2020-2022 cropping season. Ten important agronomic traits data were evaluated. Analysis of variance noticed significant difference, among varieties in both separated and combined analysis of variance. The combined ANOVA and the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis for grain yield across environments exhibited significantly affected by environments, which explained 76.6% of the total variation. The genotype and genotype environmental integration were significant and accounted for 8 and 13.1%, respectively. Principal component (PCA) 1 and 2 accounted for 6.5 and 3.5% of the GEI, respectively, with a total of 10% variation. Generally, Sanete and Dandaa varieties were identified for yielding ability and stability, and recommended for the study area and similar agro-ecologies.

Small ruminants are preferably raised for meat production and hair or wool and milk as by-products and the population of sheep and goats has been growing exponentially among all species of livestock in Pakistan. But the small ruminants’ production has faced huge implications of gastrointestinal worms’ infestations and thereby significant reduction in the production of the animals. The parasitic burden is not only health devastating but also caused severe parasitic infections and production losses. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants in District Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan) and Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and to determine the worm burden of Haemonchus contortus in terms of Egg per gram and to study the risk factors of the disease. For this purpose, a total of 480 fecal samples were collected randomly from the sheep and goat population of the District D.I. Khan and Lakki Marwat, during the four seasons of the year 2020-21 and 2021-22, for the determination of the prevalence of Haemonchus contortus. The results revealed that 12.97 and 13.30% were the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats, respectively. The area-wise incidence of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats population, in District D. I. Khan and Lakki Marwat, was 11.25 and 15.68% in sheep and 12.50 and 15.51% in goats population. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence of the parasite in both districts D. I. Khan and Lakki Marwat, whereby the incidence was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Lakki Marwat. The males showed a prevalence of 11.57% while, females showed a prevalence of 13.64%, thus the difference was non-significant (P≥0.05). As the Haemonchus contortus bears major economic importance in both species of small ruminants and decline the production significantly and badly affects the health and growth of the animals, the results of the current study revealed that both the Districts of Pakistan are endemic for the Haemonchus contortus infestation and requires special attention to its control.