Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume crop in Nigeria, valued for its oil, protein, and economic benefits. Pod length is a key determinant of seed yield and yield components, yet limited studies have explored its effects in Jalingo, Taraba State. This study evaluated the influence of pod length variation on seed yield and yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight) in groundnut at the College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Jalingo. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. Data were collected on pod length, seed yield, and yield components, and analyzed using ANOVA and correlation. Results revealed significant variability in pod length, with longer pods contributing to higher seed yield due to increased seed number and size. The findings suggest that selecting for longer pod length could enhance groundnut productivity in Jalingo.

Okra is an important fruit vegetable in Nigeria. Production is challenged by low yielding varieties particularly in the northern Guinea savanna agro-ecology. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Taraba State University, Jalingo during the 2023 rainy season to evaluate pod yield and yield component traits of five okra genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data were collected on both growth and yield traits and subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and significant means separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability. Results showed that significant variation in pod yield and yield component traits exist among the genotypes. However, NHAE-47 outperformed other genotypes for days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant (36), number of pods per plot (225.3), pod weight per plant (3.8g), pod weight per plot (1.9kg) and pod weight per hectare (2111.1kg). The genotype, NHAE-47 is recommended for cultivation by okra farmers in Jalingo.

The study's objectives were to determine the amounts of total chlorophyll and protein content, as well as to assess the impact of different concentrations of iron and chromium (10, 20, and 30 mg/L) on the physiological characteristics of Schoenoplectus litoralis and Myriophyllum verticillatum. For a month, the study was carried out. When compared to the control sample, the research findings showed that the water plants utilized for the study had higher component concentrations at the end of the study. Furthermore, there were reduced amounts of protein and chlorophyll in the water plants that were subjected to the effects of heavy metals.

Abstract: This study aims to find the benefits of household liquid organic waste as plant fertilizer. Liquid organic waste fertilizer is made using banana peel, rice washing water, onion skin, and egg shells. Banana peel (100 g), onion skin (50 g), and egg shells (5 shells) are finely chopped and then soaked in rice washing water (500 ml). The mixture is used to fertilize tomato seedlings in polybags containing 1 kg of soil. The results showed that fertilization carried out once in 5 days increased tomato growth parameters, but did not affect chlorophyll levels. Thus, it can be concluded that liquid organic waste fertilizer from banana peel, rice washing water, onion skin, and egg shells has the potential to be used as tomato plant fertilizer.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to remove various amounts of heavy metal salts, such as nickel and cobalt chloride, from aquatic plants, specifically Elodea Canadensis and Myriophyllum verticillatum, over the course of a month. The findings of the investigation demonstrated that the components' concentrations in the test aquatic plants rose towards the conclusion of the study in a manner distinct from that of the control sample.

Spices and herbs function as antioxidants to extend lipid peroxidation protection in biological environments. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) stands as an essential spice because its dried seeds serve both culinary purposes in beverages and food additives and medicinal applications. The soxhelt extraction method yielded fenugreek extracts through extraction with the solvents methanol, ethanol, hexane and ethyl acetate. FT-IR peak values of solid analysis of Trigonella foenum-graecum were Peak (Wave number cm-ˡ), Intensity, Corr. Area, Type of Intensity, Bond, Type of Vibration, and Functional group assignment (667.37, 69.147, 0.063, Strong, =C–H, Bending, and Alkenes), (894.97, 82.045, 0.030, Strong, =C–H, and Alkenes), (1029.99, 61.548, 10.810, Strong, C-F, Stretch, and alkyl halides), (1238.30, 81.092, 0.042, Strong, C-F, Stretch, and alkyl halides),(1317.38, 81.874, 0.136, Strong, C-F, Stretch, and alkyl halides), (1373.32, 81. 514, 0.008, Strong, C-F, Stretch, and alkyl halides),( 1519.91, 82.843, 0.127, Medium, C=C, Stretch, Aromatic), (1616.35, 77.669, 0.027, Bending, N-H, Stretch, Amide),( 1743.65, 87.838, 0.667, Strong, C=O, Stretch, and Ester), (2852.72, 87.591, 0.191, Strong, C-H, Stretch, and Alkane),( 2920.23, 83.176, 0.812, Strong, C-H, Stretch, and Alkane). Radical scavenging activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum Crude (methanolic extract), Ethanol fraction, and Quercetin (standard) recorded 23.68±1.13, 34.68±1.35 and 48.11±2.15 for Superoxide radical scavenging. At the same time recorded 41.07±2.08, 30.45±2.67 and Curcumin (standard) 95.00±4.07 for Nitric oxide radical scavenging. Anti-Diabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) Inhibitory potential recorded (99.35±3.71, 44.34±1.26 and 20.73±0.11) respectively inhibitory potency against α-amylase. While recorded (73.45±2.11, 52.08±1.96 and 17.93±0.08) respectively inhibitory potency against α-glucosidase activity. Among the components responsible for fenugreek seed hypoglycemic activity stands fenugreek galactomannan. One of the beneficial antidiabetic compounds found in fenugreek seed is the fenugreek galactomannan component. Research shows that fenugreek galactomannan possesses blood glucose reducing ability yet lacks strong support from peripheral glucose uptake and antioxidant effect mechanisms. The rise in liver glycogen content through fenugreek galactomannan administration suggests enhanced glycogenesis whereas reduced glycogenolysis; therefore it likely causes liver glycogenesis increase and/or glycogenolysis decrease in diabetic rats. Studies have confirmed that seed alcoholic solutions help maintain enzyme activities from carbohydrate and lipid metabolism at near typical values.

Plants produce numerous biological chemicals of various types. Phytochemicals found in plants seek to reduce the damage free radicals cause because they are abundant in vegetables and fruits. Plants containing high levels of useful phytochemicals in their composition provide dietary supplements that defend our bodies from free radicals. The purpose of this investigation involved analyzing the phytochemicals as well as GC-MS and FTIR properties found in aerial portions extracted with ethanol from Foeniculum vulgare. An electric power grinder chopped the Foeniculum vulgare aerial parts following shade drying at room temperature until they reached the ground state. A Soxhlet extractor worked with 250 ml of ethanol for the extraction of 50 g powdered plant leaves. The prepared mixture needed filtering through whatman paper. The analysis using GCMS determined the bio-active compounds found in Foeniculum vulgare aerial parts that were extracted with ethanol according to this research. Chemicals with biological activity, like β-Pinene, pentadecanoic acid, γ-Terpinene, (R)-(-)-alpha-Phellandrene, Thymol, L-Fenchone, (-)-beta-Copaene, (E)-beta-ocimene, trans-Anethole, beta-Copaene, Dipentene, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene, oleic acid, n-Octadecane, Behenic acid, alpha-Linolenic acid, n-Capric acid, and palmitic acid. FTIR spectrum indicates the presence of O-H group (alcohol), carboxylic acid, amine, Sulphur derivatives, amino acid, and nitro - compounds among others as recorded (667.37, 69.147, Strong, =C–H, Bending, Alkenes), (894.97, 82.045, Strong, =C–H, Bending, Alkenes), (1029.99, 61.548, Strong, C-F, Stretch, alkyl halides), (1238.30, 81.092, Strong, C-F, Stretch, alkyl halides), (1317.38, 81.874, Strong, C-F, Stretch, alkyl halides), (1373.32, 81. 514, Strong, C-F, Stretch, alkyl halides), (1519.91, 82.843, Medium, C=C, Stretch, Aromatic), (1616.35, 77.669, Bending, N-H, Stretch, Amide), (1743.65, 87.838, Strong, C=O, Stretch, Ester), (2852.72, 87.591, Strong, C-H, Stretch, Alkane), (2920.23, 83.176, Strong, C-H, Stretch, Alkane). The antioxidant activity was measured using leaves extract (Crude, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol Hexane, Water fraction and Lipoic acid (standard)) from Foeniculum vulgare which revealed 68.48 ± 5.30, 55.33 ± 4.91, 52.21 ± 4.83, 53.85 ± 4.40, 62.79 ± 5.00, and Lipoic acid (standard) 52.45 ± 1.13 values. The leaves extract (Crude, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol Hexane, Water fraction and Ascorbic acid (standard)) of Foeniculum vulgare tested for antioxidant activity (Hypochlorous acid scavenging) yielded results of 118.89 ± 6.15, 122.09 ± 6.17, 126.13 ± 6.82, 133.41 ± 7.00, 144.25 ± 7.63 and Ascorbic acid (standard) 220.89 ± 10.91.