The process of collecting and identifying Staphylococcus aureus bacteria from nasal swab samples obtained from 20 horses at the Equestrian Club in Baghdad Governorate and the Horse Recreation Club in Babylon Governorate was conducted between October 2022 and March 2023. Identification of the isolates was carried out by observing colony morphology on various bacterial media, performing gram staining, and conducting biochemical tests, notably the catalase test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed to determine the resistance profile of S. aureus. Out of the total nasal swab samples collected, S. aureus was detected in 12%, while other types of bacteria accounted for 8% of the samples. Confirmation of Staphylococcus samples was achieved through Gram staining and culturing on selective medium, such as Mannitol Salt Agar, which produced characteristic yellow colonies. Additionally, the catalase test yielded positive results, indicated by the production of bubbles, confirming the presence of the catalase enzyme. To assess the virulence factors and pathogenicity of the bacteria, they were cultured on Gonco Red Agar medium to evaluate biofilm formation, resulting in a positive outcome. Susceptibility testing revealed varying degrees of susceptibility among S. aureus strains to antimicrobial agents, with Ciprofloxacin (34%), Trimethoprim (20%), Amikacin (11%), and Tobramycin (18%) showing effectiveness. Conversely, S. aureus exhibited 100% resistance to Gentamicin and Ampicillin.

Due to the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture and other contexts, human exposure to them persists. Despite premarket animal testing, epidemiologic studies show that current exposures are linked to dangers to the well-being of people. Within this analysis, we outline the current pathways for pesticide exposure and provide an overview and assessment of the epidemiologic research on adult neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity associated with pesticides. Assessing the hazards that pesticides bring to human health will be improved by a deeper comprehension of exposure patterns, the underlying diversity among people, and the connections between animals' toxicological data and their effects on human health. Public health policymakers will be able to evaluate the risks of exposure to pesticides to human health more precisely if epidemiological studies are improved and combined with toxicology data.

In Iraq, sheep play an important role in supplying the local market’s requirements for milk and meat. The objective of this study, 117 milk samples collected from Awassi ewes put to sale in the animal sales yard in Al-Qasim District from Babylon Governorate during four weeks on December 2023. The udder and milk inspection by visual examination and indicator papers (BOVIVET) for detection of mastitis. Consequently, cultured mastitis milk sample on HiCrome™ Klebsiella Selective Agar Base for isolation and easy detection of Klebsiella spp and phenotypic detection of Escherichia coli (EC) on MacConkey agar. Consequently, Staphylococcus aureus is isolation by inoculating on Mannitol salt Agar, and confirmed by the Vitek2 system, then antibiotic resistance characteristics are studied by the Kirby-Bauer technique on Muller Hinton agar. The results showed phenotypic detection of 24(20.5%) mastitis milk sample out 117 milk samples and isolation of Klebsiella spp 5(20.8), Escherichia coli 7(29.1) and Staphylococcus aureus 12 (50%) then studying the characteristics of microbial resistance to Staphylococcus aureus isolates , it was shown that it possesses resistance to Ciprofloxacin 3(25%), Ampicillin 7(58.3%), Gentamycin 3(25%), Streptomycin 2 (16.6%), Amikacin 3(25%), Doxycycline 5(41.6%), Cefaxitin 2(16.6%), Ceftazidime 2(16.6%), Ceftazidime 2(16.6%) and Erthromycin 2(16.6%). In conclusion, data showed there are many causes of mastitis in sheep, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is still the most common cause among other causes, and the most important thing is that it acquires resistance due to mismanagement and indiscriminate use of veterinary medicines. Therefore, we recommend periodic follow-up of sheep, giving necessary vaccines, and educating farmers to limit the spread of diseases that effects animal and human health and cause significant economic losses.

This study was aimed to isolate and identify of Klebsiella pneumonia and testing the production of Arginine deiminase (ADI) purified from Klebsiella pneumonia in vitro, 30 samples were collected from sheep infected with respiratory infections from veterinary clinics and hospitals from October to April 2024 then transported by transport media to the laboratory for culture and microbial examine. Out of the 21 samples, 13 (61.9%) showed bacterial growth, with the majority being Gram-negative bacteria. The remaining 8 samples (38%) were gram-positive. The analysis revealed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most identified bacterial strain. Out of the total bacteria used, 7 (53.8%) were identified as gram-negative bacteria, while the remaining were of different types. This study specifically used 7 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia to extract and purify the enzyme arginine deiminase. The goal was to assess K. pneumonia ability to produce this enzyme through quantitative screening. This screening method relied on determining the specific activity of arginine deiminase using a spectrophotometer. The specific activity of purified enzyme reached 10 U/mg and the isolate K. pneumonia N7 was the best isolate in production of enzyme.