Liver abscess is a rare condition that can be divided into amoebic liver abscess and pyogenic liver abscess. The diagnosis is confirmed by performing an ultrasound or computerized tomography. The management of liver abscesses has seen a trend toward minimally invasive procedures like percutaneous drainage and intravenous antibiotics. Percutaneous drainage can be divided into percutaneous catheter drainage and percutaneous aspiration. Surgical drainage can be divided into open and laparoscopic drainage. In this chapter, we will look at the management of liver abscesses, especially the role of percutaneous drainage, which includes percutaneous catheter drainage, percutaneous aspiration, and surgical drainage.

Abstract: Clinical scoring systems have been developed to risk-stratify patients who are presented to the emergency department with symptoms of acute appendicitis. They are used to rule out patients with acute appendicitis and those who may require imaging in the form of ultrasound or computerized tomography. The common scoring systems are the Alvarado score, RIPASA score, AIR, and AAS. In this chapter, we will look at the common clinical scoring systems that are used for adults and children. We will also look at the role of these scoring systems in diagnosing acute appendicitis and reducing the negative appendectomy rate.

Approximately 20 million hernia surgeries are performed worldwide each year. The majority of groin hernia repairs are conducted electively and are regarded as low-risk procedures [1, 2]. In our Center, a developing country with government hospitals, laparoscopic available resources are sometimes insufficient to meet the demand for patients with inguinal hernias. As a result, open repair remains widely performed procedure. Based on this, we made a modification to the Rutkow-Robbins technique by applying its two fundamental physical principles—a plug and a mesh patch— reducing the prosthetic mesh used, and for the first time, shifting the paradigm regarding the effect of polypropylene mesh when in contact with the spermatic cord. This modification has shown favourable outcomes in a two-year follow-up. The aim of this paper is to describe our technique and present the outcomes achieved.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney, with a rising global incidence. The epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management outcomes of RCC vary across different regions, especially in low-resource settings. This study aims to analyze the demographic patterns, clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of RCC patients at East Oncology Center (EOC) in Sudan. A retrospective study was conducted at East Oncology Center, Sudan, including all patients diagnosed with RCC between 2013 and 2024. Data were collected from hospital records, covering demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic workup, treatment modalities, and outcomes. A total of 71 patients were included, with a mean age of 57 years (range: 18–100 years). Males constituted 54.9%. The most common presenting symptoms were flank pain (93%), hematuria (33%). Clear cell carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype (52.1%), with more than 70% of patients diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage. Surgical treatment was performed in 70.4% of cases. The median follow-up period was 23.3 months, with an overall survival rate of 33.8%. This study provides insights into the epidemiology and management of RCC in a low-resource setting. A high proportion of patients presented with advanced-stage disease, highlighting the need for early detection strategies. Further research and resource optimization are required to improve RCC outcomes in Sudan.