Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases at the present time, and it affects both sexes and is characterized by the incidence of women more than men about 1:3. Arthritis causes many negative effects in the various body systems, represented by the lymphatic, respiratory, muscular and blood systems, in addition to its effect on the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. Cytokines have an important role in stimulating the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, and these cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, IL-8) attract inflammatory cells to the synovial membrane due to the erosion of bones and joints. Amethopterin, 4-amino 4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl-glutamic acid is a folate antagonist) developed more than 50 years ago in combination with several antifolate therapies used to fight malignant tumors. This review study Further elucidation of the mechanism of methotrexate to treat RA in the patients Methotrexate remains the mainstay of RA treatment and it important to identify the patients in whom the drug is effective and those in which toxicity may be an issue. Genetic and biomarkers may help to stratify patients and possibly shed light on the mechanism for efficacy and for toxicity of methotrexate for RA.

By conducting multiple tests, the photo degradation of the orange G dye used in industries such as investigating of varying the weight used zinc oxide as a metal oxide. The best weight used of oxide was 0.13 g/100ml as a result of obtaining the largest catalytic decomposition of the dye. It was verified that the effect of different concentration of the dye on the decomposition process. It was found that 30 ppm was the best concentration in which the largest possible amount of catalytic decomposition of the dye took place, in addition to the effect of using different volume of ethanol in the photo degradation process on the dye used. A UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used to study photo catalytic using zinc oxide as a catalyst with radiation from a 125 W mercury lamp.

This study aimed to assess the preventive properties of the methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata on the development of ulcers and liver damage in Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into five groups, each consisting of 10 rats. The groups were given different dosages of Andrographis paniculata extract, omeprazole, orally, orally, and ethanol orally. The liver tissues were then examined for lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the extract of Andrographis paniculata showed substantial efficacy in preventing liver damage caused by ethanol. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the positive control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05), than those in the normal control group. The administration of Andrographis paniculata at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in groups 3 and 4, respectively, resulted in a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05), in MDA levels. The administration of omeprazole at a dosage of 30 mg/kg also resulted in a notable reduction (p < 0.05), in MDA levels. The positive control group exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05), in serum AST, ALT, and ALP levels, while a decrease (p < 0.05), in total protein and albumin levels. The administration of Andrographis paniculata at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, as well as omeprazole at a dose of 30 mg/kg, led to a significant reduction (p < 0.05), in AST, ALT, and ALP levels, and a significant increase (p < 0.05), in total protein and albumin levels compared to the positive control group. The findings suggest that the methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata may contain antioxidant compounds that exhibit hepatoprotective properties.