Kutajarista (KTJ) is an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in ulcerative colitis in the rural population. A self-made alcoholic preparation derived from the Indian Medical System known as Kutajarishta. The main ingredient in this polyherbal combination is Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Ex DC (Family: Apocynaceae). It is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, and amebic dysentery. Ayurvedic practitioners have been using Kutaja formulations for centuries, as they have been found to be quite helpful clinically in certain diseases. This study was conducted using mainly old literature as a basis method. At a dose of 40 milliliters per kilogram, KTJ was given chronically to male Sprague-Dawley rats in order to determine its toxicological characteristics. Following a continuous 28-day KTJ preparation administration, the following toxicological alterations were observed. Several erythrocytic parameters were found in this experiment. The anemia panel studies' findings are as follows: The total amount of red blood cells in the male rat has decreased by [7.98%]. This drop was noticeable (p=0.083) even if it was not statistically significant. There is a [8.08 %] decrease in the Hemoglobin content of the blood of the male rat, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.097). There is a [8.03 %] decrease in the Hematocrit level of the blood of the male rat, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.072). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.882) [0.19 %] increase in the Mean corpuscular volume, a red cell index of the male rat. There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.420) [3.02 %] decrease in the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, a red cell index of the male rat. A statistically insignificant (p=0.203) [8.50 %] increase in the red cell volume distribution width, a red cell index of the male rat, is observed, along with a negligible [3.01 %] decrease in the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, a red cell index of the male rat, which was statistically not at all significant (p=0.561).

ZnO NPs are metal oxide nanoparticles that offer novel biomedical uses ranging from diagnosis to treatment. UV-VIS utilized to analyze nanoparticles derived from Trifolium pratense flower extracts to be able gain knowledge concerning the optical features of produced ZnO nanoparticles. Aggregation of smaller nanoparticles confirmed via SEM images. FT-IR test verified ZnO NPs-bacterial cell wall polypeptide and glycogen binding. Nanoparticles' shape was determined using plant extract and confirmed using (XRD) analysis. antibacterial efficacy of ZnO NPs was obvious on all species of bacteria that studied, the most effective of it was on gram ve – than gram ve+.

Data from Public Health Center Bonto Bangun Bulukumba found that there were 93 patients experiencing LBP complaints from 2020, while in 2021 there were 71 patients and in 2022 from January to March there were 37 patients. Judging from the prevalence, from 2020-2022 it has indeed decreased but not yet resolved perfectly. Cupping therapy is a therapy recommended by the Prophet in which blood is extracted using a cup and a suction cup in the skin area which is incised 1 cm wide and 4 mm deep, so that it penetrates the epidermal layer of the skin, and because of the difference in pressure, the blood is pulled out of the peripheral blood vessels as much as 50-300 ml in 5 minutes and will cause a red or black rash. This series of therapies will eventually lead to healing as predicted by the Prophet Muhammad in his hadith with the permission of Allah ta'ala Research Objectives: To know the effect of wet cupping therapy on reducing pain in sufferers of Low Back Pain in the working area of Bonto Bangun, Bulukumba. The research design is true experimental. The sample is 16 people in the treatment group, and 16 people in the control group. The sampling technique is Simple Random sampling. The research was carried out in July 2022 in Bonto Bangun District, Bulukumba Regency. The results of the study are the pain scale before carrying out wet cupping therapy in the treatment group with a scale of 4.50 and the control group with a scale of 5.50. There was a difference in the pain scale after carrying out wet cupping therapy, namely in the treatment group it was 3.00 while in the control group it was 6.00. The results of the mean withney test obtained a value of p = 0.01 (smaller than the value of a = 0.05). There is a significant difference in pain scale between before and after doing wet cupping therapy. It is better for agencies to carry out routine wet cupping therapy programs and facilitate more LBP patients.

We present a clinical case of acute renal failure due to acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis induced by NSAIDS without presenting the classic triad (fever, rash and eosinophilia), the withdrawal of the drug did not resolve renal failure, but had an excellent response to corticosteroid therapy until normalization of renal function.

Background: The thyroid gland constitutes an integral component of the endocrine system, exerting regulatory control over numerous vital physiological processes through the synthesis and release of specific hormones. Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone to maintain normal physiological function. The prevalence of hypothyroidism varies substantially worldwide and is more common in populations with a relatively high iodine intake or severe iodine deficiency, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid, congenital hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism that is present from birth, iodine deficiency or excess, as well as diseases of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, are the most frequent causes of hypothyroidism. Objective: The study aims to investigate the relationship between some vitamins and hypothyroidism in Iraqi patients. Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study, manipulated from the first of March to the end May of 2023, 90 samples aged (18-70) years old, from Baghdad City, were selected and divided them into two groups. The first group consists of 60 people infected with hypothyroidism. The second group (control group) consists of 30 apparently healthy people. Blood samples were assessed for serum vitamin B12, and vitamin B9 using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The study showed that the level of vitamin B12 and folate B9 in hypothyroidism patients significantly lower compared to control group (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with hypothyroidism had noticeably low levels of vitamin B12 and folate B9, indicating that this may be involved in the etiology of hypothyroidism.

1,3,4-Thiadiazole is a heterocyclic compound that has been widely studied for its diverse pharmacological activities. The compound is synthesized using different methods, including cyclization of linear organic derivative. The compound has been shown to exhibit various bioactivity, including its property as anticancer toward human cancers, antibacterial, diuretic, antitubercular, antifungal, and leishmanicidal agents, additionally, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives have been shown to influence the central nervous system, displaying anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives have been a subject of extensive research in the field of medicinal chemistry. These compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, making them valuable candidates for drug development. The structural versatility of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives allows for the fine-tuning of their pharmacological effects. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety in a molecule enhances its bioactivity. Medicinal chemists have explored the SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship) of these derivatives to understand how different substitutions and modifications impact their pharmacological profiles. Synthesis and pharmacological activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and also its derivatives represent a vibrant area of research with promising implications for the progress of new therapeutic agents across various medical domains.