When under stress, our body reacts by releasing hormones and triggering the nervous system. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which transmits the stress response, is in charge of the neuroendocrine adaptation of the stress response. Corticotrophin releasing hormone neurons control hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. Increased. Many metabolic and neurological problems linked to stress are associated with the synthesis of corticotrophin releasing hormone. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABAergic inhibition both play a significant role in controlling the activity of CRH neurons. Several synthetic medicines that target the GABAa receptor and activate GABAa activity are used to lessen the effects of stress. These treatments have relaxing effects but also come with a variety of negative effects. As they have no adverse effects and are harmless, anti-stress herbs are utilised as an alternative therapy to help the adrenal system. Spirulina platensis (commonly referred to as ‘Spirulina’), are well for their Immune system modulation; anti-viral activity; cancer preventive properties, and cardiovascular benefits. In present work an attempt had been made to evaluate the anti-stress potential of active constituent of spirulina by molecular docking.

Mushrooms have been used as food for centuries because of their unique taste, in addition to their great nutritional value, as it was found that there are many nutritional and medical benefits due to human consumption of mushrooms, both wild and cultivated. Nutritionally, mushrooms are rich in proteins, carbohydrates and fibers and are also low in energy and fats. It also contains a large variety of nutrients and minerals such as potassium, copper and vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin and folate. Most types of mushrooms are an important source of active compounds with the potential for medicinal and therapeutic effects. Biologically of potential medical importance, as the results of studies showed that the bioactive components isolated from mushrooms have pharmacological effects such as antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, cholesterol-lowering, as well as lowering blood sugar effects in patients. Consuming mushrooms or one of their products in our daily diet may provide many health benefits.

Background: Due to their high mineral and vitamin content, beetroot and onions, which are frequently utilized as antibiotics, antioxidants, and nutrients, are generating growing interest in their potential medical applications. Objective: The current study's is to separate the active components from beetroot and onions and use them as antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: A mixture of beetroot and onion in varying ratios, as well as fungal and bacterial cultures, were created for testing. Various procedures, including hot water, were utilized to extract the active components. Results: According to the findings, hot alcohol was used to extract the components that were the most active. Depending on the concentration of the active ingredients in the extract solution, the extracts exhibit varying bioactivities. Conclusions: Extracts of beetroot and onions can be used to treat Candida albicans. Conclusions: The antifungals nystatin, miconazol, and clotremazol as well as beetroot and onion demonstrated the best efficacy against Candida albicans at 95/5, 50/50, and 75/25, respectively.

Background: Diazepines, the most commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs with anxiolytic action, may cause hyposalivation. Aim of Study: Is to throw light on the structural alternation in the rat parotid gland after administration of diazepam. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control groups received a saline solution for 30 days. Group two and Group three salivary tissue was taken for histological assessment and biochemical assays. Results: The serous acinar cells were showed autolysis and nuclear changes (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis). There was an increase in the interstitial spaces between each parenchymal element associated with few mononuclear cell infiltrations. The intra-lobular ducts were reduced in size and were indistinct throughout lobes. Malondialdyhid (MDA) concentration had been increaseh high Significant (P≤0.01) in diazepam group of animals compared with control group. The diazepam group showed significantly decrease levels of GPX, SOD, GSH and CAT compared with the control group. Conclusion: Diazepam administration produces noticeable histological changes in a dosedependent manner associated with increased oxidative stress markers.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a most prevalent endocrine diseases for females of childbearing age, and lead to an ovulatory infertility. It was shown that myonectin may be positively associated with insulin resistance parameters. Objectives: To evaluate serum myonectin levels and to determine the effects of metformin treatment on myonectin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients and Methods: The Cross-Sectional Study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Salahdeen general hospital in Tikrit city from 1st November 2022-30th January 2023. Patients diagnosed with PCOs depending based on the Rotterdam criteria. Participants were enrolled after all eligibility criteria were confirmed and informed consent completed. Sixty PCOS patients were selected as the PCOS group, while 30 healthy women matched for age with the PCOS patients were selected as the control group. Only 30 patients of them complete the follow up study and they agree to continue on metformin treatment during three months, the duration of the follow up. They take metformin 850 mg twice daily for three months and provide fasting blood samples on the second day of menstruation before and after treatment. The data collection done through: a designed closed and open-ended questionnaire, by using direct interviewing and Ultrasound examination, Laboratory examination. Myonectin, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and insulin were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) technique from Biomeriuex. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 7. Results: The level of myonectin decreased significantly in PCOS patients compare to control group. The level of blood glucose, Insulin, and HOMA-IR, were increased significantly compared to the control. Serum LH levels were significantly higher, while the level of FSH were lowerin in women with PCOS than in controls. After metformin intake, all patients showed significant in decrease in gremlin concentration at p-values 0.05, but no significant difference (P>0.05) in myonectin level when compared to pre-treatment. Treatment resulted a significant decrease in in body mass index, Blood glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR, testosterone and LH at p-values 0.05. However, the study found no significant difference (p > 0.05) in myonectin level between both groups in treated group with metformin compared with pre-treatment. Conclusion: Metformin testosterone and insulin resistance but can’t induce changes of myonectin level in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting 1 in 3 people over the age of 40 and women more so than men The goal of the study is to identify the relationship between body mass index (BMI), and C- reactive protein (CRP), with osteoarthritis (OA) in woman premenopausal subjects. In the study, 30 healthy woman without OA and 60 women patients with OA from general Balad Hospital in Salah Al-Den governorate were both included. Each subject was a premenopausal woman between the ages of 40 and 50. Clinical examination, X-ray diagnosis, and biochemical tests with ELISA and COBOS 6000 were used to determine the diagnosis of OA. This study proved that there is a significant increase in BMI (29.56+ 0.64) and CRP (0.703+ 0.09) mg/ml in premenopausal OA females than their level in the healthy control group (26.58) Kg/m2 and (0.379+0.11) mg/dl respectively. It’s noted that BMI has a negative correlation with CRP. Osteoarthritis in premenopausal women is strongly affected by BMI and CRP levels and it’s recommended to manage obesity and take CRP into consideration in routine OA tests.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread complex endocrine disorder of women in the reproductive age group. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) has been shown to be associated with the regulation of inflammation and ovulation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum PAI-1 level and to determine the effects of metformin treatment on serum PAI-1 levels in patients with PCOS. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on sixty women with PCOS, while 30 healthy women matched for age with the PCOS patients were selected as the control group, only 30 patients of them complete the follow up study and they agree to continue on metformin treatment during three months, the duration of the follow up. Study Design: A cross sectional study is done in Salah Al-Deen general hospital/gynecology and obstetrics department in Tikrit city from 1st November 2022-30th January 2023. Patients diagnosed with PCOs depending based on the Rotterdam criteria. Participants were enrolled after all eligibility criteria were confirmed and informed consent completed. The body mass index is determined before and after therapy. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance is determined according to the following formula: (fasting insulin multiplied by fasting glucose) divided by 405. Fasting serum PAI-1 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 7. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of PAI1, fasting blood glucose (FBG), Insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) While the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the PCOS group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum levels of testosterone in PCOS group was significantly increased (P<0.05). In PCOS women treated with metformin for three months, all patients showed significant in decrease in PAI1, and testosterone concentration at p-values 0.05, when compared to pre-treatment. Treatment resulted a significant decrease in in body mass index, Blood glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR, and LH at p-values 0.05. Conclusion: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level decreased significantly after 3 months of treatment with 850 mg per day with metformin in women with PCOS.