Depression is a common mental disorder, causing disability worldwide and contributing to the overall global burden of disease. Antidepressant drug treatment takes several weeks to produce an effect; this effect is often accompanied by unwanted side effects. Therefore, the use of a crude form of herbal extracts could be an alternative therapy for depressive disorders. Aims of the Work: To investigate the phytochemical composition of aerial parts (flowers and leaves) Calicatome villosa extract; also to evaluate the neurobehavioral effect on the nervous system by applying the Irwin test, and to screen for the antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity using pulse maze and forced swimming maze. Material and Methods: The fresh aerial parts of calycatome villosa were collected in March 2018 from Alkums city -Libya. Preliminary Phytochemical analyses were carried out on the methanolic extract. Screening for the presence of various phytochemical compounds like; alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, phytosterols, saponins, flavonoids, and proteins were carried out. Conclusion: Preliminary phytochemical screening of Calycatome villosa methanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, phytosterols, phenols, and tannins. The pharmacological screening of the extract showed antidepressant, antipsychotic, CNS depression, and Muscle relaxant effects. The extract showed CNS depression using the Irwin test, while the spontaneous motor activity was not changed using EPM. Calycatome villosa methanolic extract with the dose used did not show an antianxiety-like effect using EPM.

The Isoxazole ring system belongs to a much studied class of compound. In the last few decades, the chemistry of Isoxazoles and their fused heterocyclic derivatives have received considerable attention owing to their significant and effective biological activity. The present study aimed to design and synthesize novel derivatives of Isoxazole from 4-methoxy aniline gives N-(4-methoxyphenyl) acetamide which was hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide and treated aromatic aldehydes yields resultant compound N-(4-methoxyphenyl) 3-phenyl propanamide (BSM-IIIA-IIIJ). Title compound were synthesized and the structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, Mass and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their analgesic activity by using Eddy’s hot plate method. The compounds 5- (4-bromophenyl)-N-(4- methoxyphenyl) 4,5- dihydroisoxazole-3-amine (BSM-IIID) and 5- (4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-N-(4- methoxyphenyl) 4,5- dihydroisoxazole-3-amine (BSM-IIIF) were shown good analgesic activity and remaining compounds were shown poor analgesic activity.