Introduction: The consequences of expensive antipsychotics medication can be two-folds. One, patients can become more impoverished due to the spending of limited financial resources on the procurement of antipsychotics. Second, the high cost of antipsychotics may be discouraging and therefore lead to poor adherence and therapeutic failure. The objective was to determine the levels of impoverishment, catastrophic expenditure and the number of days the least paid government worker will have to work due to out-of-pocket (OOP) payments of antipsychotics in a sample of patients receiving treatment for schizophrenia in Benin City. Method: A community-based cross-sectional survey among respondents who are being managed for schizophrenia was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling procedure. Outcome measures were poverty headcount ratio, poverty gap index, catastrophic expenditure and the number of days the least paid government worker will have to work to procure antipsychotics. Results: Patients with schizophrenia receiving olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine medication are being further impoverished by 11.1%, 7.4%, 3.7%, 3.7% and 1.9% respectively, at the risk of catastrophic expenses by 70%, 64%, 28%, 28%, 34% respectively while that of number of days the least paid government worker will have to work to get their drugs were 1.8 day, 1.35 day, 0.15 day, 0.15 day, 0.21 day respectively. Conclusion: Antipsychotics such as olanzapine and risperidone are far less affordable than chlorpromazine, haloperidol and trifluoperazine.

Gut microbiota (GMB) occupy the body at birth with the newborn swallowing microbacteria from the birth canal, and evolve with aging. Bacteria make up most of the gut microorganisms and up to 60% of the dry fecal mass. The GMB is consist of of ~100 trillion bacteria, 10-fold the number of cells in the human body. The collective genome of these bacteria (microbiome) is 150-fold larger than the human genome. Whereas, the preservation of normal microbiota is encouraged by lower modulatory levels of controlling T cells secreting IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), which decrease inflammation [22]. In addition, the mutualistic reaction to be related to a variability of regulatory T-cells subsets in a real-life gut flora, inclusive of symbiotic, commensal with the probable to become pathogenic, and pathogenic microorganisms. In that complicated situation, Bacteroidetes species reduce intestinal inflammation and promote regulatory T cells induction. However, these replies support the preservation of self-tolerance, and suggest a key role of probiotics in preserving a healthier intestinal microbiota.