Recently, over 70% of fish are smoked as a means of preservation. Smoking is an ancient processing method that remains widely practiced in Nigeria today. This study investigates the levels of heavy metal accumulation and microbial loads in smoked catfish obtained from two different catfish farms to determine the safety of smoked catfish sold in Owo during the research period. Samples were collected from two farms (Farm 1 and Farm 2) in Owo, located in Owo Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. The identified microorganisms included Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The microbial counts for samples A and B were as follows: Streptococcus spp. (90.0 and 60.0), Staphylococcus aureus (160.0 and 170.0), Bacillus spp. (230.0 and 215.0), Klebsiella spp. (110.0 and 120.0), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0 and 10.0), and Escherichia coli (2.0 and 1.0). For heavy metals, the concentrations were Cu (0.001 and 0.000), Cd (0.222 and 0.002), Cr (0.840 and 0.670), Mn (2.33 and 1.99), and Zn (132.020 and 127.001). The highest microbial count was observed in Bacillus spp. from Sample A (230.0) and Sample B (215.0), while the lowest was found in Escherichia coli from Sample B (1.0) and Sample A (2.0). Among the heavy metals, zinc was the most abundant in both samples, with Sample A (132.020) having a higher concentration than Sample B (127.001). Copper was the least abundant, being almost undetectable in Sample A (0.001) and entirely undetectable in Sample B (0.000). The study revealed variations in microbial and heavy metal contamination levels between catfish farms. It highlights the need for regulatory authorities to enforce moisture control measures and implement strategies to reduce human activities that may lead to bacterial growth and heavy metal contamination in smoked catfish products.

The cross sectional study was determined the effective of dapagliflozin in lipid profile and cytokine in diabetic patients. The study was performed on 50 patients with diabetic mellitus in age between 40-65 years (22 males and 28 females) in Tikrit city from June 2023 until August 2024. The study was showed the significantly decreased the triglyceride level p < 0.01, cholesterol level p < 0.005, low density lipoprotein level (LDL) p < 0.005 and very low density lipoprotein level (VLDL) p < 0.005 and significantly increased high density lipoprotein level (HDL) p < 0.005. Potential side effects of the treatment include frequent urination, dizziness, or lightheadedness. When getting up from sitting or lying down, rise slowly to prevent dizziness and lightheadedness, although it could increase the chances of developing genital thrush and urinary tract infections. Also the study explained the significantly decreased the cytokine p< 0.005. The aim of the current study has study the effective of dapagliflozin on lipid profile and cytokine.

Background: Ichthammol, derived from shale oil, it is purported to have antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, antipruriginous, and analgesic properties. It is also believed to promote blood flow and act as a decongestant. It has been employed in the therapy of psoriasis, eczematous dermatitis, leg ulcers, seborrheic dermatitis, and furuncles. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical Ichthammol for treatment of mild plaque psoriasis. Patients and methods: This therapeutic interventional study was conducted in Baghdad training center of Dermatology and Venereology for period from April 2018 to May 2019. A total of 34 patients with mild plaque-type psoriasis were evaluated. They were 19 (56%) males and 15(44%) females. Their ages ranged from 7-65 years with Mean± SD (32±17.2). Split test used for each patient, each patient divided into right and left side and some patient divided into anterior and posterior parts according to psoriasis location, Ichthammol used to the right and anterior side and Vaseline used for left and posterior side. both Ichthammol and Vaseline were used twice daily. Assessment of drug efficacy was based on the reduction of PASI score. Results: The degree of response to total course of treatment with Ichthammol in comparison with Vaseline showing that 27 patients on Ichthammol had less than 25% clearance rate while 21 patients had clearance rate <25% with Vaseline, while 5 patients on Ichthammol and 7 patients on Vaseline had showed clearance between 25-50%. Also 2 patients on Ichthammol in comparison with 7 pts on Vaseline had showed 90% clearance rate. According to side effect Vaseline showed no side effect but ichthammol had showed burning sensation and irritation in 7 patients. Conclusion: Ichthammol is not a cost-effective non significant drug for psoriasis while Vaseline was significantly better.