Ocular infections are a growing global health concern, affecting millions worldwide. This review explores the bacterial profile of various ocular infections to aid in developing effective treatments and preventive strategies. The eye's complex anatomy, including the cornea, pupil, iris, lens, and retina, makes it susceptible to infections that can lead to vision loss. Bacteria are a leading cause of these infections, with common culprits including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Environmental factors, allergies, and poor hygiene can exacerbate the risk. Treatment options range from antibiotics and antivirals to eye drops and surgery. Understanding the bacterial profile of ocular infections is crucial for targeted interventions and improved public health outcomes.

Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous subcutaneous infection characterized by a triad of inflammation, painless tumour-like lesions and multiple sinuses discharging grains [1]. In Mexico, 97% of mycetomas are caused by bacteria of the order Actinomycetales, where Nocardia brasiliensis is the most important agent, while in eumycetomas the most important genera are Madurella spp. and Trematosphaeria spp [4]. This pathology is more common in men (3:1 to 5:1) between the age of 20 and 40 years, and up to 75% of patients present the injury (being the entry way) in the lower extremity, most commonly in the foot (70%). Other sites include the head, neck, chest, shoulders and arms [6, 7]. The diagnosis of mycetoma is based on clinical presentation, imaging studies and identification of the causative organisms in relevant clinical samples taken from affected tissues using fine-needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy. The diagnosis of mycetoma is based on clinical presentation, imaging studies and identification of the causative organisms in relevant clinical samples taken from affected tissues using fine-needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy. Imaging including X-ray, ultrasound, MRI and CT scan examinations may be required to characterize the spread and extent of disease [3].

Introduction and Aim: Nuchal-type fibroma (NTF) is a rare benign fibrous proliferation primarily originating from the dorsocervical neck region. Enzinger and Weiss first characterized it in 1988, highlighting its distinct histopathological features. Description of the Case Report: We present a case of 71-year-old South Asian male patient with painless swelling over the nape of neck, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis of NTF. Clinical examination, imaging, and cytological findings initially suggested a lipomatous lesion. Histopathological evaluation revealed characteristic features consistent with NTF, emphasizing the importance of histopathological assessment for accurate diagnosis. Despite its benign nature, vigilance is essential due to the potential for recurrence. Conclusion: This case underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of NTF's clinical and histopathological features to facilitate optimal management and improve patient outcomes.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of virtually all cervical cancers. Cervical cancer despite being largely preventable is still the leading cause of gynaecological cancer related death among females in developing countries. This study was carried out to molecularly characterized Human Papilloma Virus among women attending selected hospitals in Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. This study involves the analysis of high vaginal swab obtained from 208 women. The high vaginal swab samples were analysed using PCR, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the identified genotypes. Only two Human papilloma virus genotypes (HPV type 18 and 58) were detected in this study with Human papilloma virus type 58 as the most prevalent. This study identified only two Human papilloma virus genotypes (HPV types 18 and 58) in Sokoto, Nigeria which can serve as basis for establishing vaccine in the study area.