Ocular infections are a growing global health concern, affecting millions worldwide. This review explores the bacterial profile of various ocular infections to aid in developing effective treatments and preventive strategies. The eye's complex anatomy, including the cornea, pupil, iris, lens, and retina, makes it susceptible to infections that can lead to vision loss. Bacteria are a leading cause of these infections, with common culprits including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Environmental factors, allergies, and poor hygiene can exacerbate the risk. Treatment options range from antibiotics and antivirals to eye drops and surgery. Understanding the bacterial profile of ocular infections is crucial for targeted interventions and improved public health outcomes.

Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous subcutaneous infection characterized by a triad of inflammation, painless tumour-like lesions and multiple sinuses discharging grains [1]. In Mexico, 97% of mycetomas are caused by bacteria of the order Actinomycetales, where Nocardia brasiliensis is the most important agent, while in eumycetomas the most important genera are Madurella spp. and Trematosphaeria spp [4]. This pathology is more common in men (3:1 to 5:1) between the age of 20 and 40 years, and up to 75% of patients present the injury (being the entry way) in the lower extremity, most commonly in the foot (70%). Other sites include the head, neck, chest, shoulders and arms [6, 7]. The diagnosis of mycetoma is based on clinical presentation, imaging studies and identification of the causative organisms in relevant clinical samples taken from affected tissues using fine-needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy. The diagnosis of mycetoma is based on clinical presentation, imaging studies and identification of the causative organisms in relevant clinical samples taken from affected tissues using fine-needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy. Imaging including X-ray, ultrasound, MRI and CT scan examinations may be required to characterize the spread and extent of disease [3].

Introduction and Aim: Nuchal-type fibroma (NTF) is a rare benign fibrous proliferation primarily originating from the dorsocervical neck region. Enzinger and Weiss first characterized it in 1988, highlighting its distinct histopathological features. Description of the Case Report: We present a case of 71-year-old South Asian male patient with painless swelling over the nape of neck, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis of NTF. Clinical examination, imaging, and cytological findings initially suggested a lipomatous lesion. Histopathological evaluation revealed characteristic features consistent with NTF, emphasizing the importance of histopathological assessment for accurate diagnosis. Despite its benign nature, vigilance is essential due to the potential for recurrence. Conclusion: This case underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of NTF's clinical and histopathological features to facilitate optimal management and improve patient outcomes.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of virtually all cervical cancers. Cervical cancer despite being largely preventable is still the leading cause of gynaecological cancer related death among females in developing countries. This study was carried out to molecularly characterized Human Papilloma Virus among women attending selected hospitals in Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. This study involves the analysis of high vaginal swab obtained from 208 women. The high vaginal swab samples were analysed using PCR, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the identified genotypes. Only two Human papilloma virus genotypes (HPV type 18 and 58) were detected in this study with Human papilloma virus type 58 as the most prevalent. This study identified only two Human papilloma virus genotypes (HPV types 18 and 58) in Sokoto, Nigeria which can serve as basis for establishing vaccine in the study area.

Propanil are herbicide commonly used on rice farm for the control of weeds and pests. Like other herbicides, tendencies to persists in the soil and impact on the microbial flora of rice farm soils does exists although study finds that propanil is not recalcitrant. This work aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Enugu propanil contaminated rice farm. A total of nine [9], contaminated soil samples {three each from Nenwe, Ugbawka and Akpuoga-Nike} were collected and analyzed for presence of P.aeruginosa. The average total count were 3.8x106 [Ugbawka], 3.5x106 (Nenwe) and 2.8x106 (Akpuoga-Nike). Out of nine samples collected, 7 samples were positive for P.aeruginosa. Nine soil samples yielded 13 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Out of 13 P.aeruginosa isolated 4(30.8%) from Nenwe, 6(46.1%) from Ugbawka and 3(23.1%) from Akpuoga –Nike soil samples. P.aeruginosa were more in Ugbawka followed by Nenwe. The ability to utilize propanil was tested with other isolates based on their growth. It was observed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mixed culture showed heavy growth in mineral salt propanil media than in the media without propanil. The results of molecular identification revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa from two different strains utilized propanil heavily than other isolates. The result of the varying concentration of propanil showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (S1) had increased growth with increase in concentration of propanil from 0.8 at 1ml to 1.2 at 2ml. S2 showed 0.3 at 1ml to 1.0 at 2ml and mixed culture showed 0.6 at 1ml to 0.9 at 2ml. The result showed that P.aeruginosa is an efficient propanil degrader. Application of P.aeruginosa through fertilizer or soil amendment could be used to manage propanil pollution in the agricultural system.

This clinical research aimed to assess the frequency of different some clinical and biochemical features of hirsitusm among Iraqi women retrospectively. Methods: This study is a descriptive cohort study included 100 Hirsutism -affected females. A retrospective analysis of patient assessed using the recently approved diagnostic guidelines for hyper androgenic women with hirsutism Clinical features, family history and hormone levels results were analyzed. Results: At our presentation, the mean age of the 100 Hirsitusm-affected females was 26.9 years ranged of (13-42) years. The mean of BMI (kg/m2) for all patients was 27.38 (Overweight), 55% of women had oligomenorrhea ,3 % had amenorrhea and 42% had none. Associated features were highly Significant (P≤0.01), highly percentage was 39% acne, the low percentage was 6% Alopecia and Acne while 47% of them were none. About 90% of all patients had TSH>0.5(U/mL) while 10 % had TSH <=0.5(U/mL). The mean total serum testosterone level and free testosterone were 0.598 in 72%, 27.69 in 83% of the patients respectively. The mean serum prolactin level was 24.82 but the mean serum DHEA-S (µg/dL) were 328.62 in all patients. A family history was found in 40% of the patients. conclusion: In the current study the clinical characteristics of Hirsitusm was more common in women with a high Body Mass Index nearly a half of them. The most Associated features in hirsute women was Acne and Alopecia. Also more than half of them had oligomenorrhea. While a Biochemical Characteristics study revealed that 90% of hirsute women had hypothyroidism, There is a 37% increase in DHEAS levels, a 72% increase in total testosterone, and a 35% increase in prolactin. The prolactin and total serum testosterone level elevation were not severe. About 40% of the patients had a family history.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of these adhesion genes in P. mirabilis strains isolated from patients with UTIs. The research seeks to provide insights into the distribution and potential role of these virulence factors. Understanding the prevalence and molecular mechanisms of mrpA and ZapA could contribute significantly to the development of targeted therapies and preventive strategies against P. mirabilis infections. Proteus mirabilis is a significant opportunistic pathogen known for causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infections, posing a considerable public health challenge. The pathogenicity of P. mirabilis is complex and multifactorial, attributed to a range of virulence factors that enable the bacterium to colonize, invade, and persist within host tissues. Among these, adhesion genes like mrpA and ZapA play a crucial role in facilitating attachment, biofilm formation, and immune evasion. The mrpA gene is integral to the pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis. It encodes a major component of the MR/P fimbriae, which is essential for bacterial adhesion to host tissues, biofilm formation, immune evasion, and persistence in the urinary tract. By facilitating these processes, the mrpA gene contributes significantly to the virulence of P. mirabilis and its ability to cause complex urinary tract infections. Understanding the role of mrpA in the pathogenesis of P. mirabilis could aid in the development of targeted therapies to prevent and treat infections caused by this bacterium.

The most significant morphological, biochemical, and antimicrobial susceptibility traits of typical E. coli bacteria were shown by the study. Swab samples were collected from the colons of 20 fowl from various veterinary clinics in Babylon in December 2023, following the observation of clinical indications, selective growth on EMB and MacConkey agar, and positive biochemical reactions like the indole test and TSI agar fermentation made it easier to identify the bacteria. The investigation gave a thorough characteriszation of Escherichia coli, confirming that isolates demonstrated resistance to widely prescribed antibiotics, emphasising the necessity of judicious antibiotic use and heightened surveillance.