This study was included molecular study of Hyalomma anatolicum (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) based on 16S rRNA gene collected from three regions' in Babylon province. The results of gel electrophoresis image (1.5 % agarose) shows the amplicons of a partial region within large subunit RNA gene (size= 450 bp). The sequencing data has reported species of H. anatolicum 16S rRNA gene (OQ162293) to OQ162298 these species revealed close matching on the phylogenetic tree to an isolate of H. anatolicum for different countries. This study represents first in Babylon Governorate to diagnose H. anatolicum by targeting 16S rRNA gene.

Background: Obesity is a condition of excess adipose tissue associated with hormonal imbalances associated with the degree of obesity. Objective: To assess the effects of obesity on thyroid-stimulating hormone in Sudanese subjects in Atbara, Nile State. Materials and Methods: Collect 40 samples from randomly selected obese and overweight (male and female) subjects in Atbara City, Nile State. Between July and September 2021. Efficacy was evaluated in 20 healthy subjects with normal BMI of TSH levels of obesity as a control group. Serum TSH levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay analyzer (TOSOH) and results were analyzed using the Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS) computer program. Results: The results of this study showed the mean concentration of TSH levels in obese subjects (mean ± SD) (1.248 ± 0.48915) and controls (1.480 ± 0. 3), P. value = 0.07 and was also non-significant. Also showed that the mean concentration of BMI, waist circumference and waist hip ratio and TSH level was (33.58,106.187,1.07,1.24) with P. value (0.063,0.404,0.064,0.860) respectively, which is insignificantly. Conclusions: Obesity has no effect on TSH levels, and it is concluded that there is no correlation between BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and TSH levels.

Susceptibility to vasoconstriction in response to activation of platelets and leukocytes is reduced or abolished by regression of atherosclerosis. Design and Place of conduction: The research work was single blind placebo-controlled, conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Research time: It was conducted from AUGUST TO NOVEMBER 2018. Number of patients and their Age: Seventy five already diagnosed primary and secondary hyperlipidemic patients were selected with age range from 17 to 65 years. Exclusion criteria: Diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking/alcohol addictive patients, peptic ulcer disease, hypothyroidism, kidney dysfunction, any heart disease and liver disease. All patients were divided in three groups (group-I, group-II, group-III), 25 in each group. Proforma for patients: Their baseline lipid profile data were taken and filed in specifically designed Performa, at start of taking medicine. Patients group division: Twenty five patients of group-I were advised to take 10 grams of Flaxseeds in three divided doses after meal. Twenty five patients of group-II were advised to take Ajwain seeds 10 grams in three divided doses after each meal for two months. Twenty five patients of group-III were provided placebo capsules, (containing grinded rice), taking one capsule after each meal. All participants were advised to take these medicines for eight weeks. Followup period: All participants were called fortnightly for their query and follow up. Their LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol was determined at the hospital laboratory. Results: In two months therapy by Flaxseeds decreased LDL-cholesterol from 195.11±2.11 mg/dl to 190.22±3.11 mg/dl, which is significant statistically. HDL was increased from 34.53±1.65 mg/dl to 38.97±2.29 mg/d, which is also significant change. In two months therapy by AJWAIN, LDL-c reduced from 201.51±2.62 mg/dl to 197.11±2.66 mg/dl, which is significant statistically. HDL-cholesterol increased by Ajwain from 36.97±3.32 mg/dl to 37.45±1.87 mg/dl, which is insignificant statistically. While flaxseed hasn't yet been shown to improve heart disease risk, there's good evidence that flaxseed and flaxseed oil may lower cholesterol levels. Groundflaxseed -- but not flaxseed oil -- may also help with menopausal symptoms.

As the pathophysiology of dyslipidemias is clarified, one system is likely to emerge in which the underlying mechanism explains the phenotypic pattern observed on lipoprotein analysis. Every day, millions of vials of blood are drawn to assess patients’ risk for the disease. These tests measure three biomarkers, or factors in the blood known to be associated with CAD: low-density lipoproteins (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoproteins (HDL cholesterol), and triglycerides. All three biomarkers are lipids – water-insoluble molecules that are among the structural and functional building blocks of living cells. Highly altered Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension are independent and reversible determinants for coronary artery disease. Hypolipidemia can prevent hyperlipidemic patients to be victim of coronary artery disease. This study was conducted to compare hypolipidemic effects of Niacin and Jujube fruit in primary as well as secondary hyperlipidemic patients. Study was conducted in 2023 at Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Sixty participants were enrolled of both gender male and female hyperlipidemic patients age range from 20 to 70 years. Written and explained consent was taken from all patients. They were divided in two groups. Group-I was advised to take two grams Niacin in divided doses for the period of two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams of fruit Jujube daily for the period of two months. Their baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol was determined by conventional method of measuring Lipid Profile. After two months therapy, their post treatment lipid profile was measured and mean values with ± SEM were analyzed biostatistically. Group-I which was on Niacin their LDL cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In group-II patients LDL cholesterol was decreased significantly but HDL increase was not significant with p-value of >0.05. It was concluded from the research work that Niacin is potent in lowering LDL and increasing HDL cholesterol, while Jujube has significant effect as LDL cholesterol lowering agent, but it does not increase HDL cholesterol significantly.

Malaria is an endemic disease in Sudan as well as in many developing countries. The emergence of antimalarial drugs resistance represents a serious problem disturbing the health community throughout the world. Acidity reduces absorption of antimalarial drugs and allows for malaria parasites to survive and multiply. Gastrointestinal pathogens such as Entamoeba histolytica, candida and Helicobacter pylori may support the growth of Plasmodium falciparum, through inhibition of the absorption of Artemether/lumefantrine and offer resistance of interest to malaria parasites. Antimicrobial agents such as tinidazole in case of acidity of microbial origin and antiacids in case of anxiety the resulting acidity may support the action of Artemether/lumefantrine in addition to other antimalarial agent to overcome their absorption defect.

Heart diseases due to hyperlipidemia (primary or secondary) can lead to cause chest pain, heart attacks, strokes, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure. Because of these risks, treatment is often recommended for people with hyperlipidemia, because it is well known factor to increase incidence of heart diseases. This may lead to development of atherosclerotic plaques which is major etiological factor for establishing coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypolipidemic drugs used in allopathy include Statins, Fibric acids, Niacin, and Resins but all have their low compliance due to frequent side effects. Medicinal herbs like Onion and Ginger are hypolipidemic agents commonly used as flavoring agents and making foods spicy and tasty. We have compared hypolipidemic potential between these two medicinal herbs. The study was conducted at Ghurki Trust teaching hospital, Lahore from January to June 2023. Eighty secondary hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled after getting written consent which was approved by Ethics committee of the hospital. They were divided in two equal groups comprising 40 patients in each group. Group-I was treated by Ginger 10 grams daily in three divided doses for 2 months. Group-II was advised to take Onion 200 grams daily in divided amount with each meal i.e.; breakfast, lunch, and dinner for two months. After two months therapy it was observed by statistical analysis that 10 grams ginger reduced TC (total cholesterol) of 38 hyperlipidemic patients 12.4 gm/dl and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) 27.3 mg/dl. In group-II, onion reduced TC in 35 patients 17.9 mg/dl and LDL-C 14.8 mg/dl. Changes in tested parameters are significant biostatistically with p-values <0.01 to <0.001. We concluded from this research work that Onion and Ginger reduces risk of CAD by decreasing plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

Malaria is an endemic disease in Sudan, and the emergence of antimalarial drugs resistance represent a serious problem affecting the Sudanese population. Acidity reduces absorption of antimalarial drugs and allows for malaria parasites to survive and multiply. Enteric pathogens such as Entamoeba histolytica, candida and Helicobacter pylori may support the growth of Plasmodium falciparum, through inhibition of the absorption of antimalarial agent, such as artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT).

Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes various infections in humans and animals. Animals and humans can get a variety of diseases from E. coli. Because of its tendency to build biofilms, Escherichia coli is more resistant to antibiotics and can cause chronic and recurrent infections. In connection to antibiotic resistance, this study assessed the biofilm-forming capacity of E. coli isolated from extra intestinal infections in humans and chickens. The numbers of total samples that isolated from humans 8(26.67%) and chickens 12(40%) were twenty and harvested to determine of the biofilm forming by the test tubes, congo red agar method, appear all E. coli isolated were positive to biofilm. The pattern of resistance of these strains mentioned that E. coli from chicken samples was resistant to Nalidixic acid (100%), Ciprofloxacin (58.4%), Amikacin (58.4%), Nitrofurantoin (58.4%) Cefixime (16.6%), Ceftazidime (25%), Tetracycline (25%) and Gentamicin (33.3%). E. coli from human clinical samples was resistant Amikacin100%, Nitrofurantoin100%, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin 62.5%, Tetracycline 62.5%, Cefixime 50%, Gentamicin 25% and Ceftazidime 12.5%. Additionally, both human and chiken samples frequenently contained multiresistanant E.coli isolates. According to the study's findings, hens may serve as reservoirs for the spread of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics to people. Moreover, any ability of E. coli to build biofilms can raise the isolates' profile of antibiotic resistance.