It is important for a clinician to have knowledge of the possible complications that are to arise due to implant therapy. This review article focuses on complications of implant due to systemic health conditions of the patient, followed by complications due to improper treatment planning and complications due to prosthetic components. It also throws light on the criteria for implant prognosis.

Background: Many studies investigated the value of sinus lift with or without different bone substitute materials. However, sinus floor elevation with no graft material except a blood clot under the Schniderian membrane is becoming more popular. This study aims to evaluate both bone quantity and quality around dental implants inserted immediately after indirect graft-less sinus lift. Materials and Methods: Thirteen dental implants were used for the treatment of 8 patients with reduced posterior alveolar height using crystal approached sinus lift with the placement of Gel-Foam as an augmentation material before inserting the dental implant, from May to December 2017, then after 4 months from the surgery, a radiological evaluation was done by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography for assessment of the newly formed bone height and density. Results: preoperative and postoperative radiographic comparison using CBCT scan demonstrated the new bone formation within the compartment created by the sinus membrane elevation procedure with an average gain (2.75, ± 1.5) mm. The mean density of the newly formed bone was (298.1, ±130.1) Hounsfield unit. There is a postoperative increase in the native alveolar bone density around the dental implant from (398.9, ± 146.7) Hounsfield unit to (595.5, ±159.4) Hounsfield unit. Conclusion: There is A potential for a new bone formation of up to 7 mm bone in the maxillary sinus with Gel-foam supplement without the need for bone grafts. The newly formed bone quantity and the quality show promising results of the graft-less sinus lift with simultaneous dental implant insertion.

Background: Fluoride is a double-edged sword. The assessment of dental caries and dental fluorosis in endemic fluoride areas will facilitate in assessing the relation between fluoride concentrations in water with dental caries, dental fluorosis simultaneously. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in association with fluoride drinking water in district of Nalgonda and to create awareness among school children regarding fluorine and its effects. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12 and 15 years old school children in Nalgonda district for a period of 6 months. Ten schools were selected in Nalgonda district using lottery method of simple random sampling. The oral examination of available 12 and 15 years old school children fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was carried out to assess dental caries and fluorosis. A pre designed questionnaire was used to collect the desired information of school children. The clinical examination was conducted by a single trained and calibrated examiner using the mouth mirror and community periodontal index probe under natural daylight. Decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT index) and Modified Dean’s Fluorosis Index was calculated. Water samples were collected in a 500ml bottle from drinking source which was used by children, and all the bottles were labelled and sent to the laboratory for estimation of fluoride concentration. The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 20 software. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries among the school children was 41% (226/556). The prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher among females 47 % (135/285) compared with males 33.6% (91/271). The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis among school children was 62% (343/556). There were no gender differences in the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries was more in low and medium fluoride areas followed by high and very high fluoride area. There is a positive correlation between water fluoride content and prevalence of dental fluorosis. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was more in very high and high fluoride areas compared to low fluoride areas.