Background and Purpose: Fractures of mandible frequently result in inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury and altered neurosensory function. This may be due to primary injury which lies in the line of fracture or a secondary insult due to manipulation at the time of fixation of the fracture. The purpose of this study is to measure post-injury/pre-treatment and immediate postoperative IAN sensory changes during the management of mandibular fractures and to identify risk factors for adverse perioperative IAN neurosensory changes. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on the patients admitted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere. Fracture location was divided into two categories as Fracture location 1 (L1) which was between the lingula and mental foramen which place the IAN at direct risk for injury & Fracture location 2 (L2) included fractures distal to the mental foramen. In these cases, the IAN is out of the bone and hence at risk for injury indirectly (i.e., via soft tissue trauma). Treatment was rendered in a non-randomized manner by the surgeon. To assess neurosensory function, protocol described by Zuniga and Essick will be used. All the required parameters were measured & recorded pre-operatively & post-operatively. Results: The results of the present study showed that fracture displacement of more than 4 mm at L1 site & excess manipulation of soft tissues at L2 site was associated with Significant Neurosensory Deficit. Conclusion: Identifying the factors associated with poor long term outcome of NSD would need a larger sample size and detailed documentation of the use of various diagnostic tools to arrive at a conclusive observation.

Root canal therapy, demands adequate accessibility of the pulp chamber followed by a proper biomechanical preparation and three dimensional obturation of the root canals. Permanent maxillary first molar undergoing endodontic management are generally found to have three roots and four canals, although multiple variations in this configuration have been documented in the literature so far. A thorough understanding about predicting and managing such aberrant root canal morphologies is the key to achieve long term success in the field of endodontics. This paper aims to add in the literature, a unique case of permanent maxillary right first molar with a rarest arrangement of 6 root canals. The author(s) have attempted their best to review the literature and enhance the knowledge on aberrant root canal morphology of permanent maxillary molars.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate peri-implant immunological parameters along with clinical and radiographic parameters amongst subject’s vaping e-cigarettes and non-smokers (NS). Two immunological parameters that were included were measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin (IL)-1β. Materials and Methods: A statistically significant no. of subjects were included in the study and further divided into two groups: Group-1: Vaping e-cigs (n=47) Group-2: Non-smokers (n=45). A structured questionnaire was used at baseline for data collection related to demographic and peri-implant data of each individual. Baseline parameters included Plaque Index, Bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and peri-implant bone loss (PI, BOP, PD and PIBL respectively) for those vaping e-cigs and non-smokers with the aid of standardized digital radiographs. ELISA kit was used to assess immunologic parameters using sulcular fluid collected from peri-implant region (PISF). Results: Bleeding on probing (BOP) was found significantly high in non-smokers compared to the vaping group. But probing depth greater than 4mm and PIBL scores were significantly higher in vaping group than non-smokers. Mean concentrations of immunologic parameters were significantly higher in vaping group than in non-smokers. TNF- α levels and IL-1β levels were found to have a positive correlation with bone loss around implants (PIBL). Besides TNF- α also had a positive correlation with bleeding on probing in vaping group compared to non-smokers. Conclusions: Owing to the effect of nicotine on the peri-implant tissue, levels of inflammatory mediators as detected by ELISA test were found to be higher showing a greater amount of localized inflammatory tissue destruction and a compromised peri-implant area in vaping subjects. PISF concentrations were also found relatively higher than non-smokers.