This narrative review evaluates the most recent studies on the health effects of whey protein (WP) supplements, with a focus on potential risks and negative consequences. WP, which is frequently taken by bodybuilders to gain muscle and lose weight, has been linked to a number of health problems. Twenty-four preclinical and human studies that provide a complete overview of the health effects of WP were included in our comprehensive review after a comprehensive search of various databases. The review provides important findings, including a possible link between WP and kidney and liver damage, changes in bowel activity, acne, effects on bone metabolism, and pancreatic beta cell activity. The above findings highlight the complex nature of the impact of weightlifting on human health, revealing both positive and negative consequences in relation to different situations in diverse contexts. Research suggests that individuals with impaired liver and kidney function, as well as those prone to acne, should be cautious when consuming protein, and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, there may be positive effects on gut activity, bone and muscle metabolism, and pancreatic activity in humans and experimental animals, emphasizing the importance of consuming WP in a balanced manner and calling for more comprehensive research to understand its long-term health consequences.