Diabetic foot is one of the most dreaded complications of diabetes due to the disability it presents and the repercussions on the quality of life of individuals suffering from it. This study assessed the knowledge and factors affecting the perceived practice of foot care among patient with diabetes mellitus in Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State. A cross sectional design was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS version 23. Results were presented using frequency tables and charts. Result from this study showed that 40% of the respondents had good knowledge on foot care, while 15.3% had poor knowledge on foot care. Also, 70.7% of the respondents had high level of foot care practice, while 29.3% had low level of foot care practice. Also, the study showed that the following factors affected the practice of foot care among diabetic patients: Financial weakness (65.3%); improper hospital management (82%), time frame for cleaning (52%), inadequate knowledge of foot care (66.7%), failure to get appropriate footwear (62.7%), and religious’ belief (60.7%). The study showed a significant relationship between the level of education and knowledge on foot care (X2=20.32, df =4, P=0.03), also, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and practice of foot care among respondents (X2=23.12, df=6, P=0.04). The study concluded that the level of education of the patients has a significant impact on their understanding of diabetic foot and the level of knowledge also influenced their good practice of diabetic foot.

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical, emotional, and cognitive human development occurring before the onset of puberty and ending by adulthood. Sexuality, the expression of interest, orientation, and preference, is a normal part of adolescence. Adolescent sexuality encompasses multiple factors, such as developing intimate partnerships, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, and culture. Adolescent sexuality has changed over the past 50 years, with adolescents now reaching physical maturity earlier and marrying later. Puberty marks the obvious physical development in early to middle adolescence and is seen as the time for potential onset of sexual thoughts and experimentation. Mostly, legislation does not explicitly criminalize consensual sexual conduct between adolescents, and this leaves a gray area to be filled in by social and cultural norms that perceive adolescent sexual conduct negatively. Most state concentrate more on penalty than on initiatives to tackle the structural background of sexual inter course-related harms. Focusing on increasing access to youth friendly services that respect adolescents’ rights to health services and privacy will be important to ensure that adolescents seek and receive these services.

Background: Theories and models are the bedrock of sound reasoning and judgments in any clinical practice. They serve as frameworks for scientific understandings and intellectual discussions. This paper provides a review of the Betty Neumann Systems Model (NSM) and how it could be applied to understanding the relationship between workload as a stressor and shift work disorder among nurses. Method: The Betty Neumann System Model was reviewed, and the main concepts were explained. A conceptual explanation of the model was then presented using the concepts relating to nurses' workload and shift work disorders among nurses. Results: The conceptual model shows that high workload as stressors if persistent could break the defence lines and results in symptoms predictive of shift work disorder among nurses who rotate shifts. However, primary prevention is needed before the individual is in contact with such a stressor. An example of primary prevention includes pre-shift napping and reducing working hours. Also, secondary prevention of stressors includes several treatment strategies such as promoting rest periods, reducing shift duration, and increasing inter-shift recovery. By augmenting inter-shift recovery, sleep debt and fatigue may subsequently diminish. When treatment occurs and is maintained, the restoration of balance may be achieved through tertiary prevention. Conclusion: The negative outcomes of workload stressors as manifested as shift work disorder (SWD) among nurses could be averted if the conceptual model of the Betty Neumann System Model is applied.

Culture change in the UK National Health Service (NHS) became a national concern following the Francis enquiry (2013) with increasing initiatives to develop models of compassionate management. This call was intended to create an environment to address investigations in the best possible manner creating a nurturing environment for staff and in turn their patients; a truly no-blame culture. Whilst principles of justice and compassionate are intended to underpin staff investigations, our clinical experience at the coal-face in working with Staff under Investigation (SUI) has proved that this is (too often) not the case. SUI often find they have little information about the complaint against them, little communication to clarify and await the outcome in general isolation from organisational or team access, until they are invited to the attend and explain their position. The resultant anxiety and distress mean that they are left traumatised by the investigation procedure itself. This brief paper aims to highlight the avoidable stressors caused by investigation procedures in the UK NHS themselves and aims to highlights aspects of these polices which require greater attention. This in turn would support a beneficial outcome for the investigation procedures overall. Whilst focusing on the UK, the generic processes of investigation have a number of commonalities which allow this information to be applicable to a range of health care services and investigation procedures.