Background: Health care workers are key players in the prevention and management of HIV-infection. Materials and method: Descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted in Omdruman Teaching Hospital, Aim to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses towards HIV/AIDS’ patients, in the period between September to December 2019. Data was collected from 125 nurses, by using two methods: Self-administered questionnaire and observation check list. Results: Study result showed that, there was high knowledge about causative organism (96%), poor knowledge regarded the body fluids contains virus and methods of sterilization that kill the virus (19.2%). Satisfied knowledge was found about mode of transmissions, nursing procedures may lead to exposure to infection (72.8%), precaution measures taken by the nurses against HIV/AIDS while there was a poor practice of universal precautions. On the other hand, observation of hospital wards revealed insufficient measures to reduce the risk of HIV transmission (e.g. non-functioning water taps, lack of supplies and equipment). Study indicates there was a considerable percentage incidence of accidental needle sticks injuries (48.8%), but measures to be taken (post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines) after occurrence was poor. Conclusions: In general, negative attitudes and misconceptions were observed. 46.4% of nurses were afraid of caring an AIDS’ patients. It is suggested that continuous in-service training be instituted to improve practice, to dispel misconceptions and to develop favorable attitude.

Background: Foot ulceration in patients with diabetes is a costly and common problem and the leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation. With the rising global burden of diabetes in industrialized and developing nations, more attention is being dedicated to this issue. Although much effort has been put toward the study of treatment of ulcers, research on the prevention of this disease is still somewhat limited. (Lavery LA, 2012). Aim: of this study was to evaluate an intensive diabetes foot education program for veterans at high risk for foot ulcer. Methods: This is a quasi pre experimental study with pre and posttest implemented to evaluated the effect of the diabetic training program for foot care promotion and ulcer prevention. We invited 100 consecutive patients with diabetes from a Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinic who were insensate to the Semmes-Weinstein 5.07 monofilament to participate in a foot care education program. Two sessions were conducted by a nurse diabetes educator 3 months apart. Multiple educational approaches were used to teach patients foot self-examination, foot washing, proper footwear, and encouragement in enlisting proper physician foot care. Knowledgeand satisfaction with care was measured before and after each visit. Results: The 34 patients who attended both education sessions improved their foot care knowledge over the course of the program. After the second session, the mean improvement over baseline was 14%. These patients also reported improved satisfaction with foot care; mean improvement was 33%. Conclusions: An intensive education program improved the foot care knowledge and behavior of high-risk patients and reduces foot ulceration as well as callus formation and fungal infection especially in high-risk patients. The study recommended continuous educational program for both diabetic patient and health provider should by applied.

Background: Little is known about the psychological challenges facing patients’ post-heart transplant surgery. Whilst the research indicates an increase in mental health problems, we have no real information on the role of related contributing psychological factors. Objective: This paper aims to build upon our understanding of existing research and highlight themes facing this patient group to raise awareness in health teams and to support a more tailored psychological intervention. Method: It uses conductive research to analyse available research and additionally presents thematic clinical observations, reflecting additional experiences noted by the author during her own therapeutic practice with transplant patients. Results: The findings reflect a dual illness trajectory with psychological concerns existing alongside and beyond the physical recovery period. Conclusions: Recommendations are made to support healthcare colleagues to facilitate the care offered to this group of patients using the information presented. What is already known about this topic: Little is known about this topic beyond prevalence studies and a few studies establishing generic links between mental health, quality of life and transplant recovery. What does this article add: The paper moves the existing research forward by giving more specific information on potential issues for these patients as a sub section of adjustment research above - building on the broader categories already in place. The information can be used at an individual clinical level but also to introduce to the wider system when offering treatment to this group of patients with the relevant model suggested.

Degenerative diseases are chronic non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and others. One of the degenerative diseases is hypertension. Hypertension is referred to as the "Silent Killer" because it is a deadly disease, without any symptoms as a warning to sufferers. Concerns about the emergence of new problems in hypertension will cause emotional mental disorders which are often shown by anxiety disorders. One of the lifestyle modifications that can cope with hypertension is to recommend being more relaxed. One alternative for relaxation in patients with hypertension is laughter therapy. This study aims to determine the effect of laughter therapy on reducing anxiety levels in hypertension sufferers in the Work Area. Method research using Literature review related to the effect of laughter therapy on reducing anxiety level in Hypertension patient. The results of the normality of the data showed that the data were normally distributed in the intervention group and the data were not normally distributed in the control group. From the results of this study, it is hoped that laughter therapy can be given contribution to reduce anxiety levels in hypertensive patients, so that blood pressure in hypertensive patients can be controlled.

Quality enhancement cell and accreditation is an emerging concept in Pakistan that has a promise to incorporate quality improvement in every aspect of a nursing education. However, the concept of quality education is challenged and misunderstood from a variety of angles. A number of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan has expanded over the last decade secondary to the demand for high-quality education. By maintaining the quality in different programs, the institute can opt for international standards and accreditation, and the education system can be improved. One of the ways to achieve quality in education is by establishing a Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC) with the help of the QEC manual and training. The major responsibilities of a QEC include consolidating students’, and teachers’ feedback about curriculum design and delivery, carrying out self-assessment of educational programs and recommending improvement aspects of it. Introducing nursing education in Pakistan, HEC identified eleven themes such as curriculum, labs facilities, student support, faculty support, institutional support, mission statement and goals, planning and evaluation, organization and governance, integrity, assessment and quality assurance, and process control. Last but not the least, it was determined that the QEC manual, mechanism, and performance evaluate the quality of all disciplines uniformly. By aligning all quality keys on the same grid (Manual), Teacher Education Programs (TEPs) in Pakistan are indirectly supported in their efforts to improve quality. It was concluded that the Self-Assessment Manual used by QECs in Degree Awarding Institutions in Pakistan served as the basis for the qualitative analysis.