Nurses in dermatology perform a number of specific procedures in health care. Dermatological examination includes clinical examination of the skin and visible mucous membranes, with appropriate diagnostics, when a swab is taken for mycological or bacteriological treatment in case of suspicion of infection. In case of need for histopathological confirmation or exclusion of a certain diagnosis, a biopsy sample is taken or other diagnostic procedures and laboratory tests are indicated. After diagnosis, the decision is made for appropriate treatment according to the guidelines of modern dermatology. One of the most common standardized procedures in health care is the application of local therapy. This specifically means applying the drug to the surface of the skin, scalp or nails in a particular form - creams, ointments, solutions or oils. In addition to local therapy, the use of ultraviolet radiation, ie phototherapy, also plays an important role in the treatment of various dermatoses. Nurses prepare and educate patients before performing this form of therapy. In patients with chronic wounds on the lower legs, the nurse conducts local therapy in the form of compresses, solutions, gels. This form of therapy must be performed with the use of compression therapy set by a nurse. In monitoring and conducting therapy for chronic wounds, a list for monitoring chronic wounds is used. Nurses keep nursing records for patients on the hospital ward, using a transfer list and a list to track chronic wounds. The most important role of the nurse is to educate through the implementation of various forms of local therapy during the stay in the hospital and thus help the patient in the application of local therapy at home after discharge from the hospital.

Nurses focus on medical diagnosis and they move away from providing the holistic care to their patients. This impairs the essence and goal of nursing science. Nursing theories have been marginalized in several parts of the world including South Asian countries like Pakistan. The fact that nursing science and biological sciences have different philosophical underpinnings is important to be realized by nurses. The authors of this article have highlighted educational, administrative and policy level issues in nursing theory guided practice and their practical solutions with future implications in Pakistan. The paper may serve as a whistle blower to inform future directions in regards to nursing theory guided practice.

Background and Aim: Effective delegation influence work fulfillment, obligation, profitability, and professional advancement of nursing career. Delegation is the key for nurse managers and future leaders keeping in mind the end goal to ensure beneficial results. The main aim of this review was to explore the nurses’ and nurse managers’ attitudes toward delegation. Methods: Studies published in years 2009 - 2019 were evaluated. International electronic databases such as Ovid MEDLINE, PuMed, Ovid OLDMEDLINE, Embase Classic + EMBASE (Ovid), The Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), The Cochrane Library (Wiley) and CINAHL Plus (EBSCOhost) were explored to find articles written in English-language using relevant keywords. All cross-sectional studies and quantitative and qualitative studies which focused on the specific topic have been searched as well. Findings: 845 articles were searched. After checking for duplicates, 815 papers were left for evaluation of titles and abstracts. This left 30 articles for reading of full texts. Of these, 18 papers did not meet the aim. Another six articles were not conducted within general practice settings. The remaining six articles were read thoroughly to appraise them according to the quality criteria. Only one of them did not meet the quality criteria. Hence, five studies were included in the present review. Conclusion: The nurse managers showed positive and good level of attitude toward delegation. Effective delegation skill should be enhanced for the nurse managers. Further research is strongly needed to cover this topic with conducting relationship with other variables.