Background: Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) is the most prevalent complication after lumbar puncture (LP), with reported frequency varying from 6% to 36% of patients. Aim: investigate the effect of coffee consumption on the incidence and severity of post-dural puncture headache among post cesarean section women. Research design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Postpartum department at Damanhour National Medical institute/ Elbehira governorate. Egypt. Sample: 120 women undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to study and control group using randomization block. Tools: three tools were used for data collection. Structured interview schedule to collect basic data, headache assessment tool (visual analogue pain scale, short-form McGill pain questionnaire, assessment of headache aggravating and alleviating factors) and physical activities limitation questionnaire. Results: The incidence and severity of PDPH is higher among control more than coffee group. While, the maximum incidence of continuous PDPH occurs in the third post-operative day among control group (40%) compared to only 13.3% among intervention. Both VAS and McGill Pain score are statistically higher among control compared to intervention group over several time points. PDPH is aggravated by light, noise, standing, moving and siting in control groups than intervention groups. Laying down, closing eyes, drinking fluids are major soothing factors for both groups. The highest percentages of coffee group had no effect on activity of daily living compared to control group. The differences between the two groups are statistically significant intergroup, intragroup and for group time interactions. Conclusion: Coffee decreased both incidence and severity of PDPH and increased tolerance of post Cs activities. Recommendations: Oral coffee may be added to post Cs nursing care protocols to decrease PDPH incidence, severity and enhancing early physical activities.

Prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child or Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) is part of efforts to control HIV-AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). In Indonesia, there were 1,805,993 pregnant women tested for HIV and there were 5,074 (0.28%) pregnant women who were HIV positive. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of PMTCT examination with the Health Believe Model approach in Makassar City in 2019. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 260 pregnant women in the working area of the Sudiang Raya Health Center and Antang Perumnas Makassar City. Data were analyzed using chi square and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the cues acted influentially on PMTCT examination with p-value = 0.014 (p <0.05) with OR = 6.013, and there were some insignificant variables such as threat perception variable with p-value = 1,000 (p> 0, 05), the perception of the benefits of p-value = 0.143 (p> 0.05) and the perception of resistance p-value = 0.340 (p> 0.05). It was concluded that the cues acted influentially on the PMTCT examination and to the perception of threats, perceived benefits, and perceived barrier did not affect the PMTCT examination in Makassar City. It is expected that health workers explain in advance about the actions that will be taken (PMTCT examination), and provide information about the importance of efforts to prevent HIV transmission from mother to baby.