Parasitic diseases including amoebiasis, blastocystosis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and schistosomiasis, are all globally wide spread with harmful consequences. The present study was carried out to provide information of the prevalence of these diseases in some regions of Baghdad. Objectives: to detect the prevalence of human pathogenic parasites in some regions of Baghdad in stool samples and urine samples, and to determine the most common age group affected. Methods: Data were collected from Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital, in the lab of parasitology from November 2018 to May 2019. The present study included (400) sample, which were collected from patients at different ages of both genders, samples of the study were selected randomly, divided them into equal number of stool samples and urine samples. Results: The results of epidemiological study showed that the total number infected with Entamoeba Histolytica parasite was (168) positive samples with total percentage of (84%) in both of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital with a percentage of (100%,and 68%) respectively, followed by Blastocystis Hominis with total number of (22) positive samples and a percentage of (11%), and then Giardia lamblia with total number of (10) positive samples and a percentage of (5%). Males showed higher number and percentage of infection with E. histolytica, (97) case with percentage of (48.5%), while females were (71) case with percentage of (35.5%), while number and percentage of infection with B. hominis in males were (17) case with percentage of (8.5%), and females were (5) case with percentage of (2.5%), finally number and percentage of infection with G. lamblia in male (5) case with percentage of (2.5%), equal females were (5) case with percentage of (2.5%). The highest percentage of infection occurred among age group (20-29) years with percentage of (36%), while the lowest percentage of infection occurred among age group (1-9) years, and age group (60-69) years with percentage (1%), were detected in Medical City Teaching Hospital. Urine examination showed there were no parasites in urine samples. In conclusions Entamoeba Histolytica was the most prevalent parasite in our study, followed by Blastocystis Hominis, while Giardia lambilia was the least prevalent one. Also males were more affected than females to parasitic infections, and the most common age group affected was (20-29) years. While urine examination showed there were no parasitic infections in our study. The current study recommend using permanent stains, also making more studies including increasing in number of samples.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common cause for cavitary lung disease in India. Radiological presentations in pulmonary tuberculosis are different and mainly depend on the immune status of hosts, durations of illness and underlying comorbidities. Consolidation, cavitation, pleural effusion, airways disease and lymphadenopathy are frequently reported in thoracic tuberculosis. In this case report, a 36-year male, presented with constitutional symptoms for 4 months duration with partial response to medical treatment received according to their knowledge and experience towards pneumonia, bronchial asthma and bronchitis. Radiological investigations documented inhomogeneous nodular infiltrates in the left upper zone which was underestimated due to presence of crepitations and wheeze. Recurrent, progressive and partially responding constitutional symptoms was the reason for referral to our center. We have further evaluated with HRCT thorax due to nodular opacities and persistent symptoms and documented black hole in the starry sky pattern’ which is first time described in medical literature. ‘Blackhole in starry sky pattern’ is described in the present case as a giant lung cavity mimicking black hole and a satellite nodule mimicking a starry sky pattern. Satellite nodules are defined as ill-defined to well demarcated nodular opacities with or without conglomeration around tuberculous consolidation or cavity. We have done induced sputum microbiological workup and documented acid-fast bacilli in sputum smear and MTB genome with rifampicin sensitivity in cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test. Treatment initiated with anti-tuberculosis (ATT) and recorded near complete radiological resolution, bacteriological cure after six months with good compliance. High index of suspicion is required while managing these cases with constitutional symptoms with Satellite nodules with pericavitary consolidation presenting as ‘black hole in the starry sky pattern’ in HRCT thorax to have successful treatment outcome.

Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome secondary to excess of circulating thyroid hormones, thyroid storm is an extreme manifestation of thyrotoxicosis, and which can reach 10-30% mortality with treatment depending on the series. This rare but serious complication occurs mainly in patients with Graves' disease (GD) who account for 60% to 80% of cases of hyperthyroidism. Both plasmapheresis/therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and emergency surgery have been used to treat thyroid storm in patients who respond poorly to first-line therapeutic measures. We present the case report of three patients with severe disease (GD) managed at the National Medical Center 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE using TPE as a bridge treatment to thyroidectomy, of which the indication for two patients was intolerance to antithyroid drugs and one with intolerance to antithyroid drugs in addition to impending thyroid storm. Between 4-5 sessions of TPE were performed in which there was a decrease in T4L and anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TSH-R-Ab), in addition to significant clinical improvement, which allowed us to perform thyroidectomy safely. Therefore, we consider that TPE is a fast, safe, and effective bridge treatment to surgery, which should be considered in patients with no response or intolerance to thionamide treatment, in centers where TPE and immediate surgery are available.

Background: The global community aspires towards zero hunger and minimized prevalence of various metrics of malnutrition by 2030 and beyond. Despite mainstream routine nutrition/food surveillance interventions carried out by provincial, national and civil society bodies, the markers of global hunger are rife. This study sought to investigate with the aid of household food insecurity experience scale (HFIES) and nutrition indices, the evidence of hunger, child malnutrition and other forms of extreme household deprivation in Gbeo; a rural hard-to-reach community in the Mamprugu East Municipality, North East Region. Methods: This study was a case analysis of Gbeo community using cross-sectional modalities. Mother – child dyads from 235 systematically selected households were recruited for one-on-one interviews including anthropometric/dietary assessments. Data were obtained on household hunger (using HFIES as proxy), child (6 – 59 months) malnutrition and their potential predictors (SE characteristics, IYCF, WASH, etc.). Child anthropometric growth indices were computed in accordance with WHO (2017) revised standard protocols. Findings: Out of 235 children 34.4% were stunted, 18.8% underweight and 37.9% wasted; these are elevated above Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) data for Northern Region, Ghana as a whole and WHO/UNICEF/World Bank (2021) latest global estimates. Four (1.8%) children had all growth failure and in 5.6% of cases, underweight co-occur with stunting and wasting. The proportion of HHs in the 3rd tertile [T3], 2nd tertile [T2] and 1st tertile [T1] of food insecurity were 33%, 29% and 38% respectively. Multiple logistic regression models showed that mean HFIES scores were higher among households that; has a female food-based decision maker [t (degrees of freedom=1, n=235) = 1.93, significance level p =.000], have not received any form of remittances within the past 12 months [t (1, 235) = 2.65, p = .016], source their food stuffs from predominantly purchasing [t (1, 235) = 2.65, p = .009] and has a caregiver or household head that is an alcoholic [t (1, 235) = 4.01, p = .000]. Conclusion: Food insecurity predicts acute child malnutrition. Social protection and economic empowerment interventions should be integrated with nutrition-based initiatives for holistic household improvement.

The orthopoxvirus, which also includes the smallpox virus, is what causes monkeypox. Several endemics have been found in Africa, mostly in the western and central parts of the continent. But since May 13, 2022, several cases have been reported from different member states. The number of proven cases in one month was higher than the total number of cases recorded outside of Africa since the first case in 1970. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) think that monkeypox is a very important disease for the health of people around the world. Patients with monkeypox still don't know what symptoms they will have or what lab tests will show. We talk about a young man with HIV and Type C hepatitis who got a serious monkeypox virus that caused major skin problems.