A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in acute leukemia adult patients in order to characterize oral mucosal conditions in acute leukemia, and to analyze their association with certain clinical, nutritional and laboratory parameters. Oral evaluation was performed. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data were considered. Statistical analysis included non-parametric tests and multivariate analysis. A total of 30 patients (60% males) were included; median age of 39 (range 17-62) years old. The median percentage of caloric intake adequacy was 96.8% (range 21.8-205.7%), and the median ideal weight was 117.9% (range 88.2-162.9%). The most common oral mucosal findings were pallor and furred tongue. Leukoedema was seen only in patients <30 years old [OR=1.9 (CI=1.1-3.1); p=0.003]; more cases of fissured tongue [OR=17.1 (CI=1.8-163.8); p=0.005] were seen in subjects >30 years old. Exfoliative cheilitis was more frequent in females [OR=2.7 (CI=1.2-6.1); p=0.02] and in patients with high β-carotene concentrations [Md= 94.5 vs 57.0 µg/dl; (p=0.01)]. Higher rates of diffuse hyperpigmentation were seen (p<0.05) in patients having low vitamin B12 [Me=240 vs 626 pg/ml] and folic acid concentrations [Md=5.8 vs 8.5 ng/ml]; Geographic tongue was found among patients with low serum albumin [Md= 2.7 vs 3.5 g/dl; (p=0.006)] and folic acid [Md=7.9 vs 11.6 ng/mL; (p=0.02)]. Furred tongue was more frequent in patients with low hemoglobin concentration [Md=7.2 vs 8.5 g/dl ;( p=0.01)] and poor oral hygiene [Md=1.1vs 0.7 ;( p=0.04)]. Nutritional depletion was more frequently observed among patients with indentation (p=0.04) and geographic tongue (p=0.03)]. Age, gender and certain micronutrient deficiencies were significantly associated to specific oral mucosal findings in acute leukemia.

Introduction: Electrolyte abnormalities are frequently encountered in sick neonates. They occur in a variety of conditions including neonatal sepsis and may remain unrecognized leading to morbidity and mortality irrespective of the primary disease. So, timely recognition, a high index of suspicion and a thorough understanding of common electrolyte abnormalities are necessary to ensure their correction. Objective: To assess the Outcome of Neonates with Septicaemia with Different Types of Electrolyte Abnormality. Methods: All neonates who were suffering from septicaemia and admitted in BSMMU from 1st January 2011 to 15th September 2011 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Results: During the study period total 120 neonates were admitted with the diagnosis of septicaemia in the Department of Neonatology, BSMMU, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among the neonates mean age were 9.26±4.58 days, mean weight 2282.68±580.40 gm, mean gestational age was 35.68±2.40 weeks. Among the neonates with septicaemia males were 66 (55%) and females were 54 (45%) and male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Among 120 cases of septicaemia 57 (47.5%) were early onset and 63 (52.5%) were diagnosed as late onset neonatal sepsis. Among the 120 neonates with septicaemia 37 (30.83%) died and 83 (69.17%) survived. Neonates with dyselectrolytemia were found significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay in comparison to those with normal electrolytes level (p<0.05). Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hypernatremia and mixed electrolyte abnormalities were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay (P< 0.05) but hyperkalemia was not found significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay (p>0.05). Hyponatremia, hypokalemia and mixed electrolyte abnormalities were significantly associated with higher mortality (P<0.05). Hypernatremia and Hyperkalemia were not found significantly associated with higher mortality (P>0.05). Conclusion: Electrolyte abnormalities are common in neonates with septicaemia. We found electrolyte abnormalities in 35% cases. Hyponatremia (20%) was the commonest abnormality followed by hyperkalemia (15.8%). Hyponatremia, hypokalemia and mixed electrolyte abnormalities were found to be significantly associated with higher mortality in this study.

This research study investigated the onset of menarche among adolescent school girls living in non-gas and gas flaring environment in Bayelsa state. The participant in this study were eight hundred and twenty six (826) in number. The result obtained from the study shows that one hundred and fifty six (156) within the ages of 10-14years making (18.9%) are yet to attained menarche from gas flaring environment while (81.1%) have attained menarche in both environment. The overall age at menarche compared with body mass index was (12.6yrs) and (17.3kg/m²) from both group. Furthermore the age at menarche among adolescent residents in non-gas flaring environment was (11.8yrs) compared with those in gas flaring environment (12.9yrs). However the mean age at menarche among adolescent girls attending private schools was (12.7yrs) with a body mass index of (18.5kg/m²) in comparison with (12.5yrs) and (16.7kg/m²) of adolescent school girls attending public schools. The result from this study has shown that (50.8%) of school girls from gas flaring environment have attained menarche compared with (30.3%) from non-gas flaring environment at the age of (11.8yrs) with an increase positive percentage difference of (34.1%) between body mass index and the age at menarche among non-gas flaring adolescent and (37.2%), (22.9%) in gas flares stack surrounded communities in Bayelsa state.