The Objective of this research to convert sulfamethoxazole to nano-sulfamethoxazole by Sol-gel method and prepare a pharmaceutical formulation of sulfamethaxazole, prepared at a concentration of 0.25% and in the form of a spray to treat fungal and bacterial infections resulting from wounds of skin, its good for heath. The nano particles characterized by powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed successful that nano sphere sulfamethoxazole and it size between (37-55) nm, all these tests showed different type of nanostructures such as nanotubes and nanoparticles, other biological test MIC & MBC show superior biological activity. The stability of the prepared formula was studied for 6 months under temperature conditions (30, 40) degrees Celsius and relative humidity (70, 75) controlled, which showed the stability and stability of the composition. An experiment was also conducted on laboratory animals (mice) by making a wound in them and treating with the prepared formula with a comparison with the normal non-nanostructure.

Objective: To gather expert opinion regarding prescription practices and management strategies for neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency with a special focus on methylcobalamin among clinicians in Indian settings. Methodology: This cross-sectional study utilized a 24-item, multiple-response questionnaire to gather expert opinion from specialists in managing neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency. The survey encompassed questions about current prescription practices, clinical observations, preferences, and experiences related to managing neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients in routine settings. Results: The survey included 81 experts, with more than half (62.96%) of clinicians identifying diabetes as a significant confounding factor for neuropathy in patients. As indicated by 46% and 44% of the clinicians, an appropriate diet for nutrition and maintaining glycemic levels helps to overcome the progression of neuropathy. A significant proportion of experts (60.49%) reported that 26% to 50% of patients with neuropathy have vitamin B12 deficiency. Additionally, 73% of clinicians noted that diabetes mellitus is a common co-morbid condition with vitamin B12 deficiency. In patients with neuropathy complications, 74% of clinicians preferred benfotiamine alongside vitamin B12. As stated by 44% of clinicians, besides those patients with neuropathy, elderly patients are also recommended with methylcobalamin 1500 mcg. About 43% of clinicians suggested a 12-week duration for prescribing a combination of benfotiamine and methylcobalamin for patients with neuropathy. Additionally, more than half (54.32%) of clinicians favored prescribing a combination of methylcobalamin 1500 mcg, pregabalin 75 mg, and nortriptyline 10 mg tablets to patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Conclusion: The survey highlights diabetes as a significant factor in neuropathy management, emphasizing the importance of nutrition and glycemic control. A high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency is noted among diabetic patients with neuropathy, leading to recommendations for benfotiamine and methylcobalamin supplementation. Additionally, the use of combination therapy for chronic neuropathic pain demonstrates a comprehensive approach to improving patient outcomes.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is also called enlargement of the prostate. It is an old age disease. it is found in males. It is mostly found above the age of 50. Due to the increase in the size of the prostate, there found various symptoms like difficulty in micturition, and painful urination. Nocturia, lower abdominal pain, incontinence, intermittent. The main cause of Benign prostatic hyperplasia is testosterone excess, which converts into Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5 alpha reductases enzyme. Dihydrotestosterone is an active form of testosterone. Which binds with the glandular tissue of the prostate gland and is responsible for increasing the size of the prostate gland. The homeopathic mother tincture is very effective in treating Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Different types of homeopathic literature present about effects of homeopathic medicine. This article tries to present information for homeopathic physicians and homeopathic practitioners to treat and manage cases of Benign prostatic hyperplasia. This article also helps to reduce complications and severity of symptoms of Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Homeopathic Mother Tincture is effective in treating prostate and helps in avoiding surgery. This search strategy for this review article included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published in the past years. Google, Homeopathic Materia Medica, websites and books, and Wikipedia were also searched to enrich the review. This review has attempted to present this information.

When we discuss homoeopathy, invariably the Bowel Nosodes group drugs are an integral part of homoeopathic materia medica. All these are leading anti-inflammatory & immune-boosting dealing drugs of homoeopathic materia medica, the nosodes from the bowel are the drugs that the article discusses. Nosodes are those drugs in homoeopathy which are prepared from the disease related products or organisms. This means these are the gut bacteria from which medicines are prepared as per the homoeopathic pharmacopeia. The article looks into the role of one such bowel nosode from the Oscillibacter species. The article looks into the scientific aspects of these dealing drugs to deal with hypercholesterolemia. The future use of the drugs in the Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) like high cholesterol levels on a large scale will only benefit the masses. The drugs are cost effective, therapeutically active with no side effects & these properties only augur well for large scale application of homoeopathy on NCDs. The use of these drugs is authenticated by the scientific research of the gut bacteria on reducing cholesterol. For the benefit of the masses, the homoeopathic perspective, use & a treatment protocol is described in this article. The protocol is based on the bowel nosodes that can help in reducing cholesterol. The authority books of homoeopathic materia medica & the encyclopedia of homoeopathy are referred in the article.

The Buschke-Lowestein tumor, also known as giant condyloma acuminatum, is a neoplasm affecting the anogenital region. It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The lesion is characteristically slow-growing and warts-like, with a propensity for occurrence in the anogenital region. The preferred management approach is surgical resection. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the optimal use of radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, and topical agents.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) of menopausal women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, with a focus on understanding the sociodemographic factors and symptomatology influencing their well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional observational design utilizing semi-structured questionnaires was used. The data were collected from 320 menopausal women aged 30-60 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual history, menopausal symptoms, and QOL were evaluated using validated scales and statistical analyses. Results: Significant findings included a prevalence of hot flashes (68.3%) and depressive moods (73.1%) among the participants. Sociodemographic factors such as age (p=0.023), marital status (p=0.004), education (p=0.017), and religion (p=0.001) were significantly associated with QOL domains. Psychological symptoms, including anxiety and intrusive thoughts, significantly impacted work efficiency (p=0.014), family relationships (p=0.035), and home responsibilities (p=0.002). Overall, 70.0% of participants reported poor QOL, highlighting the substantial burden of menopausal symptoms on daily functioning and social interactions. Conclusion: Improving menopausal women's quality of life in Port Harcourt requires accessible education, tailored healthcare, and supportive policies. Integrating menopause awareness into primary healthcare and offering psychological support are crucial for symptom management and overall well-being. Empowering women with targeted resources and supportive environments will effectively enhance their quality of life during this life transition.

The ANCA-Associated Vasculitis is a group of rare diseases that affect blood vessels and are related to the presence of specific antibodies called antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). While respiratory and kidney involvement are the most common in ANCA-associated vasculitis and thus are part of the classification criteria, it is important to remember that vasculitis are diseases with the potential to cause multi-organ damage. We present this case to emphasize that a sequential approach is necessary for decision-making regarding treatment to prevent complications and improve quality of life, especially when they are refractory to first-line treatment.

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare granulomatous skin disorder commonly associated with diabetes but may also occur in non-diabetic individuals. We present the case of a 52-year-old non-diabetic woman with NL, highlighting the rarity of its presentation and the importance of considering alternative etiologies such as autoimmune disorders and thyroid abnormalities. Clinically, NL manifests as erythematous papules merging into plaques with central atrophy, predominantly affecting the lower limbs. Diagnosis is confirmed through dermoscopy and histopathology, revealing characteristic features such as granulomatous inflammation and necrobiotic collagen. Therapeutically, there are no standardized guidelines for NL management due to its low prevalence. Topical glucocorticoids are commonly used but carry risks of skin atrophy and other adverse effects. Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, offer a safer alternative, especially in atrophic lesions. Biological therapies, including TNF-α inhibitors and Janus kinase inhibitors, have shown promise in severe cases. Despite various treatment options, strict glycemic control does not appear to prevent NL development or progression, and spontaneous resolution occurs in about 19% of diabetic cases after an average of 12 years. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive evaluation in NL diagnosis and highlights the potential of alternative therapies for refractory cases.

Refractory hypoglycemia in non-diabetic patients is a rare condition characterized by low blood glucose levels (< 70 mg/dL) that do not respond to the conventional treatment. It can be caused by serious underlying issues such as liver failure, adrenal insufficiency, insulin-secreting tumors, or sepsis. This form of hypoglycemia requires rapid interventions to avoid severe neurological complications. Management involves addressing the underlying cause and providing supportive measures such as glucose infusion or pharmacological agents like glucocorticoids or diazoxide. A multidisciplinary approach and early identification are key to improving the prognosis of affected patients.

Cutaneous lichenoid drug eruption (LDE) is a rare but increasingly common adverse drug reaction (ADR), often challenging to diagnose due to its clinical and histological resemblance to lichen planus (LP). We report the case of a 57-year-old man with a lichenoid eruption likely secondary to systemic antibiotics. He presented a widespread pruritic dermatosis, characterized by dark brown, lichenified plaques, particularly in the axillary folds. A punch biopsy revealed lamellar hyperkeratosis, mild acanthosis, vacuolization, and a moderate infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils in the superficial dermis, compatible with LDE. LDE is typically triggered by various medications, and its pathogenesis involves T-cell-mediated autoimmune damage to altered basal keratinocytes. Treatment involves discontinuing the offending drug, though recovery may take weeks to months. Corticosteroids, both topical and systemic, may be required in severe cases or when drug cessation is not feasible. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing LDE, particularly in patients on multiple medications, to ensure prompt diagnosis and management.

Poroid hidradenoma (PH) is a rare benign neoplasm of eccrine origin, typically located within the dermis. It most commonly affects individuals in the sixth and seventh decades of life, though it can present at any age. The head, neck, and trunk are typical locations. This case report details a 26-year-old male with a large PH on the right hip, an atypical location. The lesion began as a small, painful nodule and progressively grew over 18 months. Initial treatment, suspected to be for an abscess, was unsuccessful. A dermatological evaluation revealed a 7 x 8 cm exophytic, ulcerated mass, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PH. Histopathological analysis showed solid and cystic components, with poroid cells identified. Immunohistochemistry was positive for markers such as CEA, CK-7, and p63, which are consistent with this tumor type. Following the confirmed diagnosis, complete surgical excision was performed, and the patient remains asymptomatic with no signs of recurrence. Poroid hidradenoma is characterized by both poroid and cuticular cells, and although it is generally benign, malignant transformation has been reported in less than 1% of cases. Therefore, complete excision is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence and malignancy. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of PH, including long-term follow-up to ensure the absence of recurrence.