The management of acute calculus cholecystitis has evolved from conservative treatment with intra-venous antibiotics and analgesics to early cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy is considered the definitive management of acute calculus cholecystitis and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis. The management of acute calculus cholecystitis can be divided into early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The current trend in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis is early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The grey areas in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis include the timing of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the role of percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk patients. We have conducted this review article to look at the role of conservative treatment, the time for performing an early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the role of percutaneous cholecystostomy.

The article deals with a trichological problem & sees the role of homoeopathy of the AYUSH ministry in dealing with Alopecia Aerata (AA). It begins with the description of the condition followed by its epidemiology at the global & national level. The literature review deals with the description of the problem across the various regions of the globe & how studies have suggested evolving ways to deal with the issue. Various sections like clinical features, risk factor, causes, treatment, support system that is required are the highlights of the article. The burden, challenges are mentioned followed by a section that describes the ‘to do’ activities in future. A homoeopathic treatment protocol is suggested at the end of the article while further aspiring that the integration is done at the programmatic level for the benefit of the masses.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is characterized clinically by thrombocytopenia, hypercoagulability, and increased risk of thrombosis, and serologically by the presence of antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4). We present a 27-year-old male with persistent holocranial headache and depersonalization, initially attributed to thrombocytopenia following a positive Dengue virus serology. Despite no initial evidence of ischemia on imaging, subsequent findings included extensive venous thrombosis in the right lower limb, contraindicating immediate anticoagulation. The patient later developed a left lacunar ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic transformation and bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism. Examination findings revealed right hemibody weakness and dysplastic megakaryocytes on bone marrow aspirate. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and clinical complexities in managing thrombotic events associated with thrombocytopenia and viral infections.

There was a spate of social reform movements in Kerala in the early decades of the 20th century. These were initiated mainly by religious and spiritual leaders. A few communal organizations also arose during this period and sought to cure the ills from which their particular community was suffering. Besides religious zeal, they were motivated by progressive views. They fought against superstitious practices as well as caste based social discrimination. Despite all these eventualities, Malabar was rather insulated by these progressive developments. Following the rebellion of 1921, Malabar became a center of national attention, as the entire area was thoroughly devastated by the aftermath of the riot, socially, culturally, and economically, and paralyzed politically. Great personalities associated with several service organizations flocked to the area to conduct relief, reconstruction, and reform activities on a massive scale.

Population health is an approach to health with the goal of improving the health of an entire human population which includes health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies and interventions. As the population of countries increases, it creates scarcity of resources that will enhance population health. In the midst of this scarce resources’ corruption heightens the unavailability of such resources. High levels of corruption impoverish populations, increase inequality, and cause health status to deteriorate, especially among the most vulnerable population groups. The main determinants of health include: Income and social status, employment and working conditions, education and literacy, childhood experiences, physical environments, Social supports and coping skills, and healthy behaviours. Access to health services, biology and genetic endowment, gender, culture and race / racism are also determinants of health. In absence of corruption there is health equity, which helps to reduce inequalities and seek to promote opportunities and conditions that is conducive to health for all. Addressing corruption complements the right to health, and promotes health equity in order to achieve population health of the people.

This study aimed to study the effects of probiotics on liver and kidney function parameters. An in vitro study was used to identify food-grade probiotics for human consumption. As far as probiotic strains used, B. longum subspecies infantis, L. acidophilus, as well as B. bifidum are all GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe). Over the course of six months, 100 patients with CKD and Liver disease 50 patients were without treatment and 50 patients were given two capsules each morning and evening containing 2.5*109 CFU B. longum subspecies infantis, L. acidophilus, as well as B. bifidum at a ratio of 1:1:1, and 50 normal indivisuals were used in this study. Pre-test nutritionists recommended the participants to eat low-protein diets and to avoid any lifestyle or dietary changes throughout the experiment time. Blood was collected for evaluation of AST, ALT, Total protein, Urea, and creatinine levels in both patients and normal. These kits were obtained from Biolabo company, these were done according to company instructions. The results showed that the probiotics had a therapeutics effect which causes a significant difference in all parameters in treated patients as compared with patients that were not treated. In conclusion, Probiotics have therapeutic effects on the injured kidney and the liver, which are indicated by decreasing the liver and kidney functions.

Lipoma is a benign tumor that typically affects middle-aged people and is rarely found in the oral cavity. Here, we report a 27-year-old female presented with a rare case of nasopharyngeal lipoma. She has been complaining of foreign body sensation in the throat, dysphagia, and attacks of obstructive sleep apnea for six months. On examination, nasopharyngeal mass was observed, which is originated from left eustachian tube orifice and extended to oropharynx, in contact with posterior surface of soft palate and uvula. CT revealed a well-defined capsulated lesion on the left side of lateral wall of nasopharynx which is emerging from left tonsil and measuring 17x18x20 mm. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma. Therefore, the mass was removed by surgical excision. Through a combined oral and endoscopic nasopharyngeal approach.

This study was conducted on patients with diabetes, in Samarra General Hospital. In this study, 50 blood samples were collected, 30 of which were taken from patients with diabetes, 20 of which were from non-diabetic people of both sexes, for ages (18_65) and for the period December 5, 2022 to the period is 1 February 2023. Blood was separated to obtain serum for biochemical analyses, and whole blood was sampled for CBC testing. The sugar test was conducted to ensure the presence of diabetes first, and the study confirmed that there was a significant increase in the patients compared to the control group, where the FBG test was conducted, and we note that there is a significant increase in the FBG test for patients with diabetes. A uric acid test was conducted, and the results showed a significant increase in patients compared to the control group, as the results of the analysis indicated that patients with diabetes appeared to have a significant increase in uric acid levels. The urea and creatinine test did not find a significant difference compared to the control group. As for the cbc test, the results for rbc, wbc, plt, hb, pcv showed no significant difference.