Vitamin C has been a subject of interest in cancer therapy due to its potential effects on cancer cells and the immune system. This review explores the role of vitamin C in cancer therapy, focusing on clinical trials and its efficacy. The review includes a discussion of the clinical trials on vitamin C in cancer therapy. Other results showed no significant difference in cancer prevalence between the intervention and control groups, suggesting that vitamin C intake did not affect cancer incidence. The study found that high-dose intravenous vitamin C in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy was safe and well-tolerated, with no significant adverse effects. However, the study did not show a significant effect on overall survival or progression-free survival. Despite the lack of significant results in clinical trials, there is evidence to support the use of vitamin C as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. Vitamin C has been shown to have anti-tumor effects, including the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly have cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. Additionally, vitamin C can create important epigenetic changes due to its effect on 2-oxoglutarate-like histone and DNA de-methylated. In preclinical studies, vitamin C has been shown to have a synergetic effect with some types of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Additionally, vitamin C has been shown to stimulate the production and activation of immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which have a function in fighting against pathogens and cancer cells. In conclusion, while clinical trials have not shown significant effects of vitamin C on cancer prevention or therapy, there is evidence to support the use of vitamin C as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose and route of administration of vitamin C in cancer therapy.

HLA genes are associated with more than 100 diseases, including infectious diseases like HIV, and some cancers. Some autoimmune conditions, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, are also linked to specific variations in the HLA. In MS, the immune system fails to distinguish between the body's tissues and foreign proteins resulting in it attacking myelin as if it were foreign. Several HLA genes have been found to influence the risk of developing MS. Some variants make an individual more likely to develop MS, whereas others may have a protective effect and decrease the risk. Although the precise genes involved in the development of multiple sclerosis are still not fully understood, research has identified one HLA gene that is more prevalent in women with MS and may be part of the explanation why more women than men get the condition.

The impact of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a pandemic that originated in Wuhan, China, can lead to serious complications, in addition to mild symptoms, with special interest in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Damage to the ANS by SARS-CoV-2 can cause dysautonomia, an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system, with unclear mechanisms such as cytokine storm, excessive inflammation, and virus neurotropism. A significant sequelae of COVID-19 is cardiac dysautonomia, which affects heart rate, blood pressure and other autonomic reflexes, causing postural tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias and fatigue. There is decreased heart rate variability (HRV) in patients, suggesting dysautonomia. Long COVID syndrome can also include cardiac dysautonomia. To diagnose cardiac autonomic neuropathy, at least two of six criteria must be met, such as an SDNN less than 50 ms and an RMSSD less than 15 ms. The cases of cardiac dysautonomia below present several of these criteria met. Methods to evaluate cardiac dysautonomia include the COMPASS 31 scale and the orthostatic hypotension questionnaire (OHQ), but more research is still needed, especially in Mexico. The case study shows that those who followed non-pharmacological recommendations such as cardiovascular exercise, increased water intake and BMI control had improvement, while cases that did not follow these recommendations did not show significant improvements. Cardiac dysautonomia is a post-COVID-19 sequelae with high prevalence, highlighting the importance of non-invasive methods for its diagnosis. Even without symptoms, people can have this sequelae, so it is important to suspect cardiovascular disorders. The need for early intervention and monitoring of hygienic-dietary measures is emphasized to avoid the worsening and chronicity of cardiac dysautonomia, with the hope of preventing the development of chronic diseases and fatal outcomes.

Melanoma is a malignant melanocytic tumor that constitutes the sixth most frequent cancer in the general population and has a high capacity to produce metastasis [1]. Cutaneous melanoma is the most common subtype, accounting for 91% cases. Even though it is reported less frequently than basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, it accounts for 70% mortality due to cutaneous neoplasms [5]. Diagnosis begins with a complete skin examination. Dermoscopy is an excellent support tool that suggests the diagnosis of melanoma [2].

Cutaneous horns are uncommon cornified hyperkeratotic lesions on the skin, of variable size and forms; These lesions occur in photo-exposed areas; 60% of these lesions are benign, however they can be part of a spectrum of premalignant or malignant lesions. Herewith we report a case of an elderly patient with a cutaneous horn on the upper extremity that received surgical treatment.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis represents a life-threatening complication of diabetes, standing as the foremost cause of mortality associated with the condition. The proficient management of patients suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis hinges upon the expertise and proficiency of nurses, who play a pivotal role in the comprehensive care and treatment of these individuals. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of nurses in the Department of Medicine and Intensive Care Unit at Moulay El Hassan Ben El Mehdi Hospital concerning the biological and clinical parameters, as well as the management protocols, for patients diagnosed with DKA. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to nurses working in both the Department of Medicine (n=8) and the Intensive Care Unit (n=10) at Moulay El Hassan Ben El Mehdi Hospital in Laâyoune. The questionnaire included variables covering demographic characteristics, clinical information, and biological parameters. Results: The majority of nurses (88.8%) demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding the definition of DKA, with most nurses in both departments displaying familiarity with the biological and clinical manifestations of the condition. In terms of management practices, all nurses reported utilizing saline solution or glucose serum based on the patient's blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The study suggests the implementation of standardized educational programs within intensive care units to enhance nurse staffing, improve the level of patient care, and elevate the quality of care delivered to this patient demographic.

Background: Considering the importance of Cryptosporidium spp. to public health and the country's economic situation due to the threat of an outbreak and economic losses. Objectives: this study aimed to detect Cryptosporidium spp. in human in Babylon province using traditional and molecular techniques. Methods: this study was conducted in Babylon province from September, 2023 to March, 2024.a total of 100 human stool samples were examined microscopically for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. from both diarrheal and non-diarrheal patients attend hospitals and public health centers laboratories. Results: by using microscopic examination. The rate of infection with Cryptosporidium spp. was (25/100), 25%. According to sex, the highest infection rate in humans was in males (17/59),28.81% compared to females (8/41) ,19,51%. was recorded in the rate of infection between age groups, the highest rate (13/28), 46.42% observed in < 5years of human. Rural area revealed the highest rate of infection than urban area in human (16/44),36.63%. In molecular diagnosis, DNA extraction was performed for 50 stool samples human 28% (14/50) C hominis 10% (5/50) C parvum 18% (9/50) by nested PCR, in order to investigate the genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. from human in Babylon, five Cryptosporidium spp. isolates. were genetically characterized by SSU-rDNA gene sequencing. The results showed C parvum (1/5) C hominis (4/5). Conclusion: these findings suggested that infection of humans by zoonotic genotypes were the most common genotypes detected in all human samples in Babylon province, to enhance the effectiveness of the One Health approach in preventing Cryptosporidium spp. infection, it is crucial to have a deeper understanding of the environmental, epidemiological, and etiological aspects linked to Cryptosporidium infection. This knowledge will aid in the development of more effective risk management strategies. The future One Health plan seeks to incorporate diverse and interdisciplinary expertise.

Coronavirus related (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic has caused significant mortality and morbidity globally in the last three years. Although, pandemic has waned since last year, we are not in great peace of relief due to lingering effects of COVID-19 persisted even after two years of illness. Radiological phenotypes are radiological patterns or observable characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiological outcomes are initially interpreted as post covid lung fibrosis in short term follow-up of recovered COVID-19 cases in post covid care settings and during long term evaluation these abnormalities are defined as post covid sequalae’s. In present case report, 38-year male, presented in outdoor unit for shortness of breath on exertion with history of severe COVID-19 Pneumonia resulted into acute respiratory distress syndrome with hospitalization in intensive care unit one year back and required high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with Non-invasive ventilatory support (NIV) for two weeks. He was offered oxygen supplementation at home with antibiotics for three months and no requirement of oxygen and some respiratory symptoms even after one year. His HRCT thorax documented at one year of discharge from hospital revealed typical interstitial opacities labelled as Persistent Residual lung abnormalities (RLAs) which are predominantly reticular and linear opacities in peripheral parts of lungs without honeycombing within typical pleural based areas with parenchymal bands and minimally altered lung architecture and preserved lung volume.