Incidence of premature aging, heart diseases and many other such disorders are on a rise and a matter of great concern worldwide. The environmental factors, consuming tobacco and smoking are the main causative factors of oral cancer. The effects of these can be reversed to a limit by consumption of antioxidants. This article gives detailed description about antioxidants, its mechanism of action and its role in different disorders. This will help educate the readers about the beneficial properties of antioxidants and how it may benefit the healthy and diseased individuals.

According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, up to 20% of women suffer from menstrual cramping severe enough to interfere with daily activities. If prostaglandins levels are higher, more pain is often associated with the cramps. Cycle length, blood loss, period-related symptoms, fluid color, and consistency are all highly variable, even for just one person. However, severe menstrual pain is likely to be caused by a health issue such as PMS, fibroids, or endometriosis and requires medical support. When researchers analyzed frequency and duration of exercise and compared it to reports of period pain, they found exercise did little to reduce discomfort, and in fact this persisted even when a range of other factors—including weight, ethnicity, smoking and use of the birth control pill—were taken into consideration. Some women may also prefer not to use hormonal contraceptives, as they can bring unwanted side-effects such as fluctuations in weight and mood. Some methods can also slightly raise the risk of certain cancers, including breast cancer (although they reduce the risk of others, including womb cancer).

The skin aging process, which is induced by environmental factors, is named premature or extrinsic skin aging process and can be distinguished from the chronologically (intrinsic) skin aging process by characteristic skin aging signs. Although human skin acts as a biological shield against pro-oxidative chemicals and physical air pollutants, prolonged or repetitive exposure to high levels of these pollutants may have profound negative effects on the skin. Gender differences in toxicity have been reported for many substances. Children are known to be more vulnerable to the adverse health effects of air pollution. Environmental pollution by traffic is also associated with the occurrence of signs of extrinsic skin aging. Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury are common air pollutants that pose health hazards due to bioaccumulation. Ozone in the stratosphere has protective effects by filtering solar UV radiation; however, in the troposphere ozone has toxic implications for skin. Due to paucity of scientific evidence, there are no established guidelines currently available for protecting the skin against air pollution. Aside from reducing exposure, potential protection strategies should focus on repairing the skin barrier, replenishing antioxidant reserve, and reducing inflammation caused by air pollutants.

India stands at the cusp of yet another public health feat. Having successfully overcome the challenges of diseases like polio, maternal and neonatal tetanus and yaws in the recent past, the country is making confident strides to triumph over measles and rubella. Viral diseases like measles and rubella even continue to flourish. MR (Measles & Rubella)-vaccine is a combination vaccine administered in a 2-dose schedule, offers protection against Measles, and Rubella. The vaccine is widely recommended by WHO and GAVI as a substitute for prevailing vaccination practices against the above mentioned diseases and viruses. Measles Rubella (MR) campaign is being launched in the country covering all children of 9 months to below 15 years of age group. The vaccine has met with positive and some little negative responses, which leads to challenges about the vaccine‘s safety and the pros and cons of the vaccine was to be evaluated carefully and ultimately time to replace the current measles primary vaccination schedule in the immunization programme first dose in 9 months, second dose in 15 to 18 months. Conclusion: Elimination of Measles and rubella in India will require a sustainable improvement in both commitment and activity of the whole country towards the WHO goals regarding MR vaccine launched into national immunization schedule.