Ureterocele is defined as a congenital abnormality characterized by cystic dilatation of the distal intravesical portion of the ureter. It has an incidence of about 1 in 500 to 1 in 4000 individuals and shows a female preponderance and a ratio of about 4-6:1(Female: Male) with prevalence among the Caucasians. This is a forty-year-old male who was referred to the radiology department for intravenous urography (IVU) following history of recurrent right loin pain since childhood and also right hydroureteronephrosis following several abdominopelvic ultrasounds scans. The IVU showed bulbous dilatation of the distal intravesical portion of the right ureter with surrounding circumferential filling defect within the contrast opacified bladder giving the so-called “Cobra-head” appearance of intravesical/orthotopic ureterocele. Dilatation of the right ureter and collecting systems were also demonstrated. The complimentary ultrasonography showed a cyst within a cyst appearance on the right conforming to intravesical ureterocele, right hydroureteronephrosis was also demonstrated. The patient had courses of antibiotics with subsequent Transurethral resection in the referring health care facility. We report a case of intravesical ureterocele in a 40-year-old man with recurrent loin pain and urinary tract symptoms since childhood.

Infantile spasm also known as West syndrome is a devastating form of an early infantile encephalopathy, and belongs to the group of drug resistant epilepsy, with an incidence of about 0.25-0.42 in every 1000 children. This is an eight-month-old male infant who was referred for a contrast enhanced computed tomography scan (CECT) of the head on account of frequent stiffness of the both upper and lower limbs and the trunk since birth. He also has poor developmental milestones; poor suckling, neck control, social smile and inability to sit or crawl. The CECT showed an elongated and summit shaped skull on the scout image, with associated multiple non-enhancing oval areas of hypodensities in both cerebral hemispheres, poor grey-white matter interphase, prominent sulci, gyri, ventricular system and basal cisterns, with thickened gyri-pachygyria. The report of the electroencephalogram (EEG) showed spikes of activity in the brain that is referred to as hypsarrhythmia. Infantile spasm was diagnosed in a child with triad infantile spasms, neurodevelopmental retardation and EEG findings of hypsarrhythmia most likely from multiple cerebral infarcts was established. We report the case of infantile spasm with CECT features of cerebral hemispheric infarcts due to its rare nature and peculiar presentation.

The study was done to determine the prevalence of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prion among blood donors in Owo. The blood samples were collected from blood donorscertifed fit on account of negativity for HIV, HBsAg and HCV; at Federal Medical Centre Owo. Sera of participants were analysed using PRNP ELISA kit. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic characteristic and other relevant information for the study. Out of the ninety blood donors screened for variant Creutzfeldt –Jakob disease prion none was found to be seropositive giving overall prevalence rate of 0%. Including screening for variant Creutzfeldt –Jakob disease in the blood safety policy of Nigeria is not advised, as of now. Surveillance should be sustained to review the policy, as the world is a global village.

The study was done to determine the prevalence of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prion among blood donors in Owo. The blood samples were collected from blood donorscertifed fit on account of negativity for HIV, HBsAg and HCV; at Federal Medical Centre Owo. Sera of participants were analysed using PRNP ELISA kit. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic characteristic and other relevant information for the study. Out of the ninety blood donors screened for variant Creutzfeldt –Jakob disease prion none was found to be seropositive giving overall prevalence rate of 0%. Including screening for variant Creutzfeldt –Jakob disease in the blood safety policy of Nigeria is not advised, as of now. Surveillance should be sustained to review the policy, as the world is a global village.

A: “CRISPR” (pronounced “crisper”) stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, which are the hallmark of a bacterial defense system that forms the basis for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. CRISPR is becoming an indispensable tool in biological research. Once known as the bacterial immune system against invading viruses, the programmable capacity of the Cas9 enzyme is now revolutionizing diverse fields of medical research, biotechnology, and agriculture. CRISPR-Cas9 is no longer just a gene-editing tool; the application areas of catalytically impaired inactive Cas9, including gene regulation, epigenetic editing, chromatin engineering, and imaging, now exceed the gene-editing functionality of WT Cas9. Here, we will present a brief history of gene-editing tools and describe the wide range of CRISPR-based genome-targeting tools. We will conclude with fu Cas9 enzyme, ture directions and the broader impact of CRISPR technologies. Keywords: Crisper, CRISPR-Cas9, genome-targeting tools, WT Cas9.