Processed and red The Western diet, a modern dietary pattern, typically consists of meat, sugar-filled beverages, candies, chocolates, fried foods, prefabricated meals, refined cereals, conventionally produced animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose items. The goal of this review is to outline how the Western pattern diet affects gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness, as well as metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status. Cancer, mental health, and cardiovascular health; We offer a thorough analysis of how the westernized diet and related nutrients affect immune cell responses as well as the hygienic costs of the Western diet. A consensus critical evaluation utilizing primary sources, including scientific journals, was carried out in order to accomplish this purpose and secondary sources, such as websites, databases, and bibliographic indexes. The project was finished using the Web of Science, Sports Discuss, Embase, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Scopus. MeSH-compliant terms like "metabolic health," "inflammation," and "Western diet" The terms "metabolism," "oxidative stress," "cancer," "heart disease," "metabolic fitness," and "mental health" were utilized Better knowledge of this dietary pattern, how it affects a person's health and metabolism, and how it affects national sanitary systems will be made possible by this knowledge. Lastly, useful applications based on this knowledge are presented.

Vitamin D, often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin’’. Vitamin D is essential for various health conditions, such as bone health and immune function. It can be synthesized by the body through exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, which comes from sunlight. Unfortunately, despite India's abundance of sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is still prevalent in the country. This review explores the multifaceted factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency in rural regions, with a special focus on Ziro in Arunachal Pradesh. Despite its high-altitude location, environmental conditions such as cold weather and overcast skies, coupled with cultural habits like traditional clothing and limited dietary diversity, may restrict adequate ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. By synthesizing data from rural India and contextualizing it for Ziro, this paper highlights the biochemical implications of deficiency, proposes public health interventions like supplementation and fortification, and underscores the need for region-specific research to address tribal health disparities.