Background: The fifth Millennium Development Goal aims for a decrease in maternal mortality and universal access to high-quality reproductive health care. Every year, around a third of a million women die as a result of pregnancy-related complications. Three-quarters of these deaths might have been avoided. One of the most important markers of mother and child health care is the Maternal Mortality Ratio. One of the most significant aims of the national family welfare program is to reduce maternal fatalities are thought to be preventable. Objective: The study's focus is to document, investigate, and report the events and circumstances behind maternal fatalities, as well as to study maternal deaths in River Nile State in order to identify the maternal mortality rate and causes of death. Methodology: This is a hospital and community-based research that took place from January to December 2018 at River Nile State. Information on every maternal death was obtained using a questionnaire which was filled out and rechecked to completely cover State, and then analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The overall number of live births was 25988, with 29 incidents of maternal death. 112/100000 live births was the death rate. 27 of the patients (93%) died in a hospital, whereas two instances (7%) died at home. Obstetric hemorrhage was the leading cause of maternal death in seven cases (24.1%), followed by hypertensive disorders in seven cases (24.1%), sepsis in four cases (17.2%), indirect obstetric causes in three cases (10.3%), embolism (PE & AFE) in three cases (10.3%), unclassified causes in four cases (13.7%), and abortion in one case (3.4 %). The bulk of the cases were delayed at home (14 cases, 48.3%), with 10 cases (34.4%) having no delay and five (17.2%) being delayed in reaching hospitals. Unfortunately, 19 instances (65.5%) died as a result of preventable causes. Conclusion: In 2018, the maternal death rate in River Nile State was 112/100,000 live births, which was higher than in the previous report. Maternal fatalities were mostly caused by hemorrhage, hypertensive diseases, and sepsis. The bulk of deaths were postponed until they reached their final destination.

Background: Anemia represents a major health problem worldwide, and it becomes very complicated hematological disorder when occur in pregnant ladies. Method: 100 pregnant ladies included in a hospital based cross sectional study at Alfadlab hospital, River Nile State, hematological analyzer used to test hemoglobin for each participant. Result: 27 (27%) of the participated pregnant women was anemic, and malaria increase the severity of anemia among them. Conclusion: Anemia affected more than quarter (27%) of the participants .further studies recommended with large sample size.

Background: The entire world was affected by the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which influenced daily life worldwide and affected the medical, social, and economic prospects of all nations. This virus occurs clinically in four variants: asymptomatic; mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI); anosmia and/ or ageusia as the only symptoms; and severe systemic disease, such as bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Approximately 20% of the population develops the severe course associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Those who develop lung injury and dyspnea have higher mortality. An autopsy can reveal the pathogenesis and determine the cause of death. Objectives: To understand the pathophysiological changes in lung tissue in COVID-19-affected individuals. Patients and Methods: This is a case series of post-mortem lung histopathology examinations of deceased COVID-19-positive patients. Samples were collected from postmortem models acquired from six diseased individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain (PCR) reaction and subsequently passed away in the tertiary hospital between July and September 2020 because of COVID-19. Their slides and paraffin-embedded blocks of lung biopsies, as well as their reports, were collected and sent to two pathologists for further evaluation of COVID-19-related changes in the lungs. Results: Only two of the six patients confirmed features of diffuse alveolar injury with hyaline layer and fibrin thrombi in pulmonary arteries, small vessel congestion, and pulmonary infarction. Two patients demonstrated diffuse alveolar fibrosis (organizing pneumonia), severe inflammation, and foci of squamous metaplasia, in addition to the deposition of carbon particles. One case had diffuse pulmonary fibrosis with pulmonary artery thrombosis without an inflammatory background. In another case, there were atypical large cells, ischemic necrosis, and severe inflammation with macrophages and pneumocyte hyperplasia inside the alveoli. Conclusion: the thromboembolic events suggest a role for COVID-19-induced coagulopathy. Molecular mechanisms and clinical features of COVID -19 should be studied. Atypical alterations need to be investigated to confirm their relation to COVID-19 infection.