Background: CVA is the loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply of the brain. This disturbance is due to either ischemia or hemorrhage. Aim: To study the major risk factors & presentation among patients with stroke in Atbara teaching hospital. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive hospital based study was conducted in Atbara teaching Hospital from February 2021 to April 2022. The data was collected by interviewing the patients through a closed-ended questionnaire and analyzed by using the statistical computerized program SPSS. Results: In our study, we found that 86.2%of study group their age group was more than 51years and most of them are males, 73.1% of them had a hemiplegic weakness, 60.8% of them had a transient ischemic stroke,90% had an ischemic stroke, 66.9% with one attack of stroke,77.7% of them have a chronic illness,53.1%have diabetes,63.8% have hypertension,28.5% of them have ischemic heart disease,23.8%have atrial fibrillation,11.5% have the valvular disease, 35.4 % of them are smokers and 6.9% are drinking alcohol. Conclusion: The study concluded that stroke increased with age above 51 years old and most commonly in males. The most common risk factor is HTN, DM, and heart disease. The common risk bad habit in strokes patients are smoking.

Background: Beginning in December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a pneumonia epidemic that began in Wuhan, China, and is rapidly spreading throughout the whole world. Nutrition support has become one of the important treatments for severe and critical patients. Objective: To assess the adequacy of nutritional support in COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support. Methods: A multicenter prospective study enrolled 88 COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support in Fedail Hospital, Albaraha Hospital, Aliaa Hospital, and Royal Care Hospital during the period from January to April 2021. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, types of oxygen therapy, vital signs, laboratory investigations, methods of nutrition support, estimated calorie achievement, and outcomes were collected. Nutritional adequacy was assessed by using the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS- 2002) test. Results: Among 88 patients, 50(56.8%) were males and 38(43.2%) were females; their mean age was 67±11 years. CPAP (n=28; 32%) and mechanical ventilation (n=27; 27%) were the main types of oxygen therapies. Estimated calories were achieved in only 36(40.9%) of patients and failure to the achievement of estimated calories was commonly due to hypoxia (n=33; 37.5%) and poor appetite (n=23; 26.1%). About 66(75%) patients were adequately nourished, 16(18.2%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 6(6.8%) patients were malnourished. The mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition (P. value= 0.000), and parental feeding modes (P. value= 0.000), and underweighted BMI (mean= 17.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Moreover, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with risk of malnutrition (P.value= 0.000), NG feeding (P. value= 0.000) and overweighed BMI (mean= 28.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Additionally, mortality and multi-organ failure were significantly correlated with hypoalbuminemia among our study subjects (P. value= 0.001). Conclusion: The rates of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 6.8% and 18.2% among COVID-19 patients who received oxygen therapy, respectively. Inadequacy of nutritional support or failure in the achievement of estimated calories among our study subjects were commonly due to hypoxia and poor appetite. Mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition, parental feeding modes, and underweighted BMI. Furthermore, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with the risk of malnutrition, NG feeding, and overweighed BMI. Both, mortality and multi-organ failure were correlated with hypoalbuminemia.

In the present work aqueous fruit peel extract of Punica granatum was evaluated for its Anthelmintics activity against earthworm at three different concentrations (25, 50, 100 mg/ml). The Antihelmintic activity of extract was comparable with Marketed allopathic drugs (i.e. Piperazine citrate, Albendazole, Ivermectin, Levamisole- 25, 50, 100 mg/ml). 2% v/v Tween 80 in water was taken as a normal control. Marketed allopathic drugs concentrations were prepared using 2% v/v Tween 80. Antihelmintic activity was evaluated by considering the time required for mobility, paralysis and death of worms by the prepared extracts and marketed allopathic drugs concentrations. The data were found statistically significant by using one way ANOVA (P< 0.001).