The researchers used a poem composed of 16 letters from 881st to the 896th of Tcheonzamun (the Thousand Character Essay). The researchers translated this poem using two methods; through the pronunciation of Korean language and looking at the meaning of Chinese characters. This poem is mainly concerned on marriage life between the Maeg husband and the Maeg wife, but it also has relevance between humans and God. The representative of this Tcheonzamun poem is not the man (the Maeg husband) but the woman (Maeg wife). And it is the conclusion of this Tcheonzamun poem; "I, your wife, am the human-being between the God, our LORD and you, my husband!" This phrase can be changed newly into this sentence. "You, my husband, can continue to treat me, your wife, badly. But this is an expression that you, my husband, do not behave properly to the God, and you do not respect our LORD!".

It seems that Chinese characters have existed approximately 3000 years ago in Shang country, the second dynasty of China. We have translated Tcheonzamun (The thousand characters essay) with the two methods; by the meaning of Chinese characters and by Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters. At present we translated the Chinese characters themselves with the same methods for Tcheonzamun (The thousand characters essay). We analyzed the Chinese characters with the method of using Korean pronunciation. We translated the 10 Chinese characters randomly, and named them the continuous number of 0011 to 0020. The ancient people might think that talking is the most important thing in our life. From this view-point it is considered that the maker(s) of the Chinese characters was (were) possibly the woman (women).

The race of Korean people is different from that of Chinese people [1], and Korean language is different from Chinese one. Tcheonzamun (The thousand character essay) is one of the masterpieces of Eastern Asia. It is believed that Chinese people wrote the great work. Tcheonzamun is not well translated on Chinese grammar. However, Tcheonzamun is well translated on Korean grammar and Tcheonzamun is well composed as a poem with 16 Chinese characters [2]. Therefore, it is possible to assume that the source of originality in Eastern Asia is not come from China but it is from Korea [3]. If the 16 characters (897th to 912th) were interpreted as a poem on a different translating method from Chinese grammar, yes! The meaning on a Korean grammar will be very vivid. And even the Korean language is in Tcheonzamun. So the researchers considered that the masterpiece is written by the ancestor Koreans, Maeg people [2,4,5,3]. And in this poem (897th to 912th), the relation between the husband and the wife of Maeg country is expressed. It is essential for Maeg husband to get well along with his Maeg wife. And it is up to Maeg wife for her husband to succeed or to fail in his life. "My husband, you must take me, your wife, warmly and then you will get my kind love!".

We utilized 16 letters from 961st to 976th letters. We translated a Tcheonzamun poem (961st to 976th letters) using a bilingual methods –a Korean pronunciation and the meaning of Chinese character. The meaning is not same, but the meanings on both translating methods were similar. And the theme of this poem is ‘the love’ for her husband even though her husband is not kind to her.

The title of the Tcheonzamun (the Thousand Character Essay) poem is 'the person who makes us to live in a full of joy!', and it is composed of 16 letters from 865th to 880th letters from Tcheonzamun. The Zesa was established by Confucius who was the greatest scholar in China until now. Confucius lived in the period of 500 B.C. Current researchers thought that Confucius had copied this poem of (865th to 880th letters) in order to establish the Zesa (the religious service to the ancestor). The researchers considered that Korean culture preceded Chinese culture and that Koreans originally gave culture to China through Tcheonzamun. In other words, Korean culture was the foundation of Chinese culture. This is contrary to the general opinion that China is the origin of culture in Korea. Confucius misunderstood the original meaning of this Tcheonzamun poem. And the great Chinese scholar established etiquette; “Respect your dead parents!” But this etiquette was different from the original meaning of Tcheonzamun. The real meaning of the Tcheonzamun poem is an advice to the unsympathetic ancient Korean -Maeg- husband; “Love your sensible wife warmly!”

The healthy city program in Makassar City has been implemented since 2007. The implementation of the program has had various impacts on the progress of the Makassar city. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of stakeholder involvement and the impact of city policy changes as a result of implementing a healthy city program in Makassar. The research method used was a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach. The study was conducted in the city of Makassar, with 13 informants. Data collection techniques used was in-depth interviews and document review. Data analysis was performed using data presentation techniques. Based on the results of the study note the impact on stakeholder involvement in the implementation of healthy cities in Makassar city is not only the government, but also includes the community and the Makassar healthy city forum, each of which has a role that can help the progress of the city of Makassar. In addition, the implementation of healthy cities directly affects various policies that already exist in Makassar, and even the implementation of healthy cities can produce a variety of new regulations that are also able to support the progress of the city of Makassar. The implementation of a healthy city in Makassar has two major impacts, namely stakeholder involvement and influence in policy, both of which have shown quite good results.

This paper sketches the emergence of library and information science (LIS) education in India with a special reference to Bhopal M.P. It describes the current status, as well as the historical framework on LIS education in India in general and M.P in particular. Many universities and institutions have changed the nomenclature of LIS program, revised the curriculum, shifted from certificate course to master degree program to research study, and international collaboration. It is observed that many LIS schools have changed their curricula from minor tinkering to full revision, from traditional course to digital course. LIS schools opened-up for more interdisciplinary, more practical/practice oriented rather than theoretical classes, and also come forward for international collaboration. But, some of the LIS schools still suffer for their existence due to traditional course curricula, lack of infrastructure, lack of computer lab, and lack of teaching faculty and staff.

The study assessed the level of peer pressure among junior secondary school students of Social Studies in Mushin Local Government Area, Lagos State. It also determined the difference between male and female junior secondary school students of Social Studies peer pressure influence on their academic performance and examined the difference across age groups peer pressure influence on academic performance of junior secondary school students in Social Studies in the study area. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population is the junior secondary school students in Mushin Local Government Areas of Lagos state, Nigeria. Eight junior secondary schools were selected using simple random sampling technique. From each of the schools, thirty students were selected using simple random sampling technique summing up to 240 students that made up the sample for the study. Two self-designed research instruments were used for the study namely: Peer Pressure Questionnaire (PPQ) and Social Studies Test (SST). Data collected were analyzed using frequency, simple percentage, graph and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of the study showed that the students demonstrated moderate peer pressure influence in junior secondary schools, 148(61.7%). The results of the study further indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between male and females on the combined dependent variables (F(2,237) = 0.97, p > 0.05). The results of the findings finally revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between different age groups on the combined dependent variables in the study area (F(2,236) = 0.65, p > 0.05). The study therefore concluded that the level of peer pressure among junior secondary school students is moderate and that the peer pressure influenced their academic performance though moderating variables have no significant influence on the students’ performance in Social Studies in the study area.

The study investigated the perception of principals on factors influencing access to secondary education, with a focus on Public Secondary Schools in Central Senatorial District of Ondo State, Nigeria. It adopted descriptive design. All the 107 Public Secondary Schools in the District constituted the main population while principals of the schools were targets. One question was raised and four hypotheses formulated for the study. A self-constructed questionnaire, validated and tested for reliability (r =0.80), was used to collect data, which were analysed using percentage, frequency count, mean and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistic at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that many factors influenced access to secondary education, such as: inappropriate teaching method, unfavourable government policies, inadequate teachers, child ill health, among others. It was also revealed that home, school, and government factors significantly influenced access to secondary education while there was no significant difference in the perception of male and female principals, on factors influencing access. The study also recommend among others that Government should address the factors influencing access, through relevant policies and programmes; engage communities, homes and families in sensitization programmes towards discouraging them from culture, traditions and religious belief having negative influence on access to secondary education; as well as provide necessary infrastructural facilities for secondary schools, to enhance comfortability of students and teachers.

The researchers have tried to pronounce the part of the letter, and then investigate if there is some meaning of the part of the letter when assembled together on a Korean pronunciation method. Because the researchers have obtained the similar results as shown on the analysis of Tcheonzamun (The thousand character essay). We analyzed the Chinese characters with the method of using Korean pronunciation. We translated the 10 Chinese characters randomly, and named them the continuous number of 0031 to 0040. As a conclusion the researchers have found the ancient Korean people's sense and frankness shown on Chinese characters. And it is known that the meaning through Korean pronunciation is more expressive than the present meaning.

The present researchers undertook the continuous translation of Chinese characters through Korean pronunciation. The researchers have randomly chosen the Chinese characters, and counted the number of letters from 0041 to 0050. The researchers deliberately separated the Chinese character into several parts. And the researchers combined the Korean pronunciation of those separated parts of the letter, and then investigate when assembled together if there is some meaning on a Korean pronunciation method. There is a difference between the original meaning and the present meaning, for example, "Open the door, please! My dear friend!" on the original meaning, while 'The morning' on the present meaning.

The researchers used the poem of 16 letters of (305th –320 th) of Tcheonzamun. They translated the poem with the two different translating methods; one is translation through meaning of Chinese character, and the other is that through the Korean pronunciation of Chinese character. The theme is that “Do they -the Maeg wife and the Maeg husband- keep on loving each other until now?”

The researchers used the poem of Tcheonzamun (The thousand character essay). They translated the poem not with a traditional method but with a new method. The new method is as follows; the researchers made a unit of 16 letters of (289th-304th) into a poem, and the researchers thought that the poem has a meaning of unique theme. On the poem (961st - 976th letters of Tcheonzamun) the Maeg wife expressed her marriage life in Korean language as “Yeong Zuggesso(I am in real deadly tired).” The researchers felt sorry on this interpretation about this unhappiness of the couple. Because the researchers are descendants of the Maeg people, and they wanted in the Tcheonzamun interpretation to see the happy marriage life between the Maeg wife and the Maeg husband, the antecedents of the present researchers. So the researchers continued Tcheonzamun interpretation with the wish of finding their antecedents‟ joyful marriage life. But the translation of these two methods is totally different! Which do you like better of these two interpretations? It is up to you, the reader!

Students have to practically face numerous hard and ill-structured problems when they go to work. However, the separation of theory and practice in traditional instruction makes knowledge be inert and provides no opportunity for students to personally experience the ill-structured problem solving procedure. In order to provide students with an experiential learning experience and understand the effect of a 3D virtual learning environment in students’ ill-structured problem-solving ability, the present study designed a 3D virtual company (3DVC) for the participants to be a general manager to solve the complex problems for different departments. In order to confirm that the instruments used in the present study are reliable and valid in understanding students’ problem-solving ability and attitude toward the learning system, the present study selected twenty business students to participate in the pilot study. The entire procedure contains pretest, 3DVC training plus questionnaire, and posttest. The materials used in the tests are three complicated, difficult and open-ended questions for the participants to fix. Two management professionals graded each participant’s answer and the participant’s final score was averaged by the two graders’ total score after confirming that the inter-rater reliability coefficient is above acceptable level. The results indicate that the participants performed significantly better in the posttest after the 3DVC training system, which reflects that the learning system is with reliability and validity and the questionnaire results also presented with good reliability and validity.

Euthanasia unlike suicide, is an act which is committed by the assistance of the other and in most of the cases, it is physician assisted. It can be classified as either active, or passive. This paper will make an attempt to study the issue of euthanasia and some of the questions associated with it in two different nations with two different societies. It will try to understand the points of similarities and differences that exists in the Indian and Japanese society with respect to issues of euthanasia.

Dylan Thomas‘s poem ―A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London‖ focuses on the problem of the allotted role of the war time poet involved in choice-making. The agonizing tension, the climate of the global war and the creative fear and anxieties continue to harass the poets of the thirties and the war poets of the forties. One may readily agree with the view that in stylistic maturity the poem surpasses anything Thomas has written before, and it is also true that, at the formal level, the early poem 18 Poems sets the pattern for this later poem. Literary critics interpret the poem within the perspective of death and religion. However the poem, dramatizing the socio-politico-historical functioning of the war poets of the forties and the more ironic complex attitude of Auden and the pitiless attitude of the lost poets of the thirties, brings out the inadequacy of the poet‘s power of comprehension and the pain inherent in human perception. Thomas talks about his own asocial, apolitical, ahistorical functioning and his certainty about future as well as the contemporary poets‘s religious, patriotic philosophical resignation in the context of the global war and the child‘s death and their uncertain future. Hence this paper adopting a figurative approach, endeavours to decipher the essential statement and to decode the much compressed, obscure meaning of this popular poem as the main objective of the existing critical study on the poem is confined more to stylistic and paraphrasal levels.

Despite numerous studies have placed an emphasis on trustworthiness among college students in the past years, an investigation of this topic in Thai context is scant. This present study aimed at examining trustworthiness among college students in Thailand. Data were gathered from 191 accounting students at a selected government university through a self-administrated online questionnaire. The scale measurement contained a 17-item of 5-point rating scale encompassing five essential dimensions of trust: integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness. Results indicated that the overall score of trustworthiness was at a good level (M = 3.72, S.D. = .908). “Consistency” was rated as the highest mean score (M = 3.81, S.D. = 1.09) whereas “openness” was reported as the lowest mean score dimension (M = 3.57, S.D. = 1.01). Research implications and recommendations were also discussed.

To satisfy the educational and moral requirements of the students is one of the primary objectives of both the National Policy on Education and the objectives of Islamic education in the Nigerian post primary schools. This is because the National policy on Education on the one hand is designed to produce 'God- conscious and responsible citizens for Nigeria. Islamic education on the other hand, also aims at producing students who are morally conscious, disciplined, and sincere. Trustworthy and tolerant'. However, many problems tend to militate against the implementation and achievements of these objectives. These problems include students' unrest; inadequacy of the National Policy on Education towards Religious and Arabic Studies; teachers' inability to play their roles adequately; parents' nonchalant attitude towards moral and educational up- bringing of their children; lack of enough school funds and repeated changes in the education system. This paper therefore intends to discuss on how the problems militating against the realization of the policy of Islamic studies in Nigerian post primary schools can be solved.

It needs no emphasis to state that the corporate existence of Nigeria has over the years been threatened by disunity, instability and lack of peace among the diverse ethno-religious groups. The contemporary situation is even worse over than that which prevailed two decades ago. The period of the present democratic regime for example, is the period, which the generality of Nigerians have the impression that violent eruptions have been accepted as a way of life in Nigeria and could happen anytime, anywhere without anyone getting sanctioned. In the last two decades of this political era, Nigeria has witnessed various forms of organized carnage, which put the unity, stability, and peaceful co-existence of the Nigerian citizens under a serious threat. It is the researcher’s belief that for the people of Nigeria to continue living as one corporate body, religious education must be enforced to all and sundry. It is in the light of this therefore, that this paper examined Islamic Religious Studies as an instrument of peace, unity and stability in Nigeria.

This paper is built on this assumption that tragedy is the result of human suffering. Human suffering has many faces and causes. No one can ignore any cause due to its effect on the subject. This paper provides analysis of few Greek plays that comments on the background, core and cause of tragedy. In this compact analysis, the paper concludes that Greek beliefs and myths are a key to their tragedy; also serious imitation of life.

This research is intended to answer the questions on the leadership quality of the civil servants in government agencies in Jakarta today and what efforts have been made by agencies to improve the quality of leadership of civil servants. This study employed a phenomenological approach of a qualitative research design since it can describe the meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon. For this study, the researcher interviewed civil servants who hold positions as Head of Section or equivalent to the level of a manager with around 10-15 sub-ordinates to gain information about their perspectives on 21st century leadership and what their efforts to improve their leadership competences. Interviewed was also conducted with staff to gain information about how they perceived on their supervisors’ leadership abilities. To get a more objective result, interviews with two officials from two different Human Resources Departments were conducted, to dig deeper the information related to the programs of the government to improve the leadership competency of the civil servants. The research proved that there are still civil servants in governmental organizations who have not had the leadership competencies. They even haven’t understood the components should be possessed by a leader namely intellectual competencies, managerial competencies and emotional competencies. Therefore efforts such as training and development should be carried out in order to create quality civil servants. For future research, the researcher recommends to dig deeper the issues on the leadership training program to prepare the quality civil servants with different approaches to be adopted.

This research is intended to answer the questions on how universities implement Entrepreneurship courses to students and how universities can instill and develop student creativity to change the mindset from being an employee to an entrepreneur. This study employed a phenomenological approach of a qualitative research design since it can describe the meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon. For this study, the researcher interviewed university students to gain information about their experiences in the process of learning how to become entrepreneurs and how the Entrepreneurship Lecture is implemented in their colleges. The researcher also interviewed Student Affairs Managers to dig deeper their perspectives on student entrepreneurship. In order to make this research more objective, the researcher also interviewed Entrepreneurship Lecturers to gain information about how the entrepreneurship lecture should be conducted. The research proved that most of the universities still teach Entrepreneurship theoretically. There are also still limited universities which provide incubator facilities for the start up and most of the students still have the mindset of becoming employees not entrepreneurs so they haven’t optimized the creative thinking. This mindset needs to be changed. For future research, the researcher recommends to dig deeper the issues on how entrepreneurship program is developed in universities with different approaches to be adopted.

Parenting is the responsibility attached to the state of being a parent. It is a continual task of any parent towards physical, psychological and spiritual development of a child from infanthood to adulthood. It is observed that the role of parents in the up-bringing of their children is of great value to the society. In the past, a deep thought is giving to the issue of becoming a parent, but nowadays, to become a parent seems to have become a child’s play. Teenagers were put into family way, and without shame they go around the street with pregnancy with no or poor consciousness of the responsibility and position they will assume the moment the child is born. Poor parenting has contributed to the moral decadence and social vises such as stealing, kidnapping, substance abuse and addiction, to mention a few in the society today. Individual personality traits are products of one’s up-bringing (nurture) and generic inheritance (nature). Personality is the sum total of an individual behavior in social situation. Also, it is the system where by the individual characteristically organizes and processes bio-physical and environmental impulses (stimuli) to produce behavior in the larger surrounding system. Therefore, parents are saddled with the responsibility of the trustees of the future of the younger generation. Balance parenting approach for the children becomes imperative if they will grow to become a good behave adults.

Examination malpractice is becoming a widespread experience that there is likely no examination anywhere at all levels and outside the formal school system that is not marred with one form of sharp practice of examination malpractice or the other. It has become a great concern to Christian leadership in the educational sectors, leading to brainstorming on different approaches to curb the menace in institutions especially Christian faith based institution, It should be noted that schools in primary, post primary and higher colleges especially private-oriented institutions, usually have religious connotation, by both ownership and leadership at the establishment. Institutions that are Christian faith based provide considerable amount of time for religious instructions at school hours based on the principles and teaching of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, being discussed partly during students’ class time, mealtime, leisure hours, prep-time or sometimes organizes period of worship aimed at students’ orientation about spirituality, moral behaviors, relationships, and attitudes towards learning. However, there are certain issues that are not expected to be mentioned among believers, which are actually not to be mentioned in a Christian faith based institution that are gradually cropping and growing in Christian institutions-examination malpractices. Therefore, this paper looked at the holistic concept of examination practices from its moral and ethical perspective and proposing a transformational approach to curbing the practices in the Christian institution of learning.