French Missionary Dallet (1874) introduced ‘the thousand character essay’ to Western World. The thousand character essay is called ‘Tcheonzamun’ in Korea. He showed in his book the tens of Chinese character of ‘the thousand character essay’. Generally, the Koreans believe that Tcheonzamun was created by Chinese people (Han, 1583). What is the reason of inserting Chinese characters of Tcheonzamun into his book? Did Dallet (1874) think that Tcheonzamun was created by Koreans? It is considered that Dallet (1874) respected the culture of Korea. Recently, several researchers suggested that Tcheonzamun can be translated on Korean grammar and on Korean pronunciation (Park et al., 2021 a; Park et al., 2021 b; Kim, 2023). It is also thought that the subject of this masterpiece in Eastern Asia (Tcheonzamun) is the love between the husband and the wife (Kim, 2023). There are two methods for the translation of Tcheonzamun. The first method is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021 b; Kim, 2023). The second one is through the meaning of Chinese characters on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021 a). The Tcheonzamun poem was translated with the second method through the meaning of Chinese characters (Park et al., 2021 a) for the present study (Tcheonzamun 849th-864th). The range of this work is the continuous 16 letters of Tcheonzamun (Tcheonzamun 849th- 864th). The title of this work is ‘There are fantastic flowers at our home! And here is the memory about balsam apple (Tcheonzamun 849th-864th)’. The theme of this research is as follows. 853-856 接(Zeob) 杯(Bae) 擧(Geo) 觴(Sang). My husband! It is not so. The wine is not such an important thing in order to get the favorable time. The joy is the only necessary thing for the happy feast, so the joyfulness is the most precious thing. My husband! At first, you must raise (擧) the wine cup (觴). And then, you can push your hands (接) in order to take the wine and in order to share (杯) the pleasure of the meeting together.

The research objective is to test and analyze the influence of profitability, leverage and transfer pricing on tax avoidance with an empirical study of mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2022 period. The research uses quantitative methods to examine secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial reports via the official website of the Indonesian Stock Exchange and the company website. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 20 companies and 120 data observations. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis with data processing software used by the SPSS 22 program. The research results proved that profitability, leverage had a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, and transfer pricing had a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. The benefits of research become a reference for practical contributions for companies, material for consideration for the government, and input for teaching about taxation, as well as a scientific reference for future researchers.

The main claim in this research is "studying Facebook as a news source". Facebook is now a news source like other media, and users become members of the Facebook virtual network in order to access the events of the day. The method of this research is a survey, and the measuring tool is also a questionnaire. After completing the questionnaires, the findings were obtained and analyzed at the descriptive level through SPSS software. The statistical population of the research includes all Facebook users in Balkh Province, Afghanistan. The sampling method in this research was based on the use of available people, and finally 500 people completed the researcher's questionnaire. The results of this research showed that the majority of users of the Facebook virtual network are young people, and Facebook has become a serious source of news among users, and in fact, the purpose of using Facebook for most of the respondents is to receive daily news. In other words, the importance of using other features of Facebook are secondary. It should also be noted that the main source of news for users was Facebook at first, and then it included television, radio, news agencies and printed publications. The lack of Facebook filter, the diversity of its news, the ease of producing news, the speed of news dissemination, the freshness, the brevity of the news, the speed of access, the ease of access, the production and consumption of news by autopilots, its universality, freedom of expression, are the important factors in the tendency of users to Facebook news in Afghanistan. The uncertain atmosphere (economy, security, politics) has greatly increased the need of the people of this country to the events.

This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex process of word formation in the Indonesian language using the principles of derivational morphology. The study examined the intricate mechanisms of creating new words and highlighted the various processes and patterns that contributed to forming new lexemes. By extensively categorizing and analyzing the different types of derivational affixes and their roles in generating words, this investigation aimed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Indonesian language and its linguistic evolution. The findings showed (1) the intricate details regarding the changes in the use of affixes such as in prefix {di-} and colloquial suffix {al-}, the semantic transformation of words such as the words that were marked by prefix {per-}, and how societal attitudes and perceptions had influenced language evolution such as in colloquial suffix {-ken} despite the standard suffix {-kan}; and (2) the functions and communicative effectiveness of derived lexemes in the Indonesian language had revealed that they played a crucial role in communication by contributing to discourse cohesion such as in the form of {seru} and {menarik}. The results of this study were expected to shed new light on the underlying mechanisms of word formation in the Indonesian language and provide a valuable reference for linguists and language researchers to explore the nuances of this language further.

French Missionary Dallet (1874) introduced ‘the thousand character essay’ to the Western World. The thousand character essay is called as ‘Tcheonzamun’ in Korea (Han, 1583). Dallet (1874) described that ancient Chinese people used Tcheonzamun as the textbook for Chinese character for their children. Kim (2023) suggested that Tcheonzamun shows the love between the husband and the wife. In the present study, the method through the meaning of Chinese character was used (Park et al., 2021 a). This study is the result of the translation of the Tcheonzamun poem (Tcheonzamun 833rd-848th). The title of this work is ‘When I was a boy, I saw that my father Ilsoo Joseph moved the toilet material into his field (Tcheonzamun 833rd-848th).’ The theme of this research is as follows. 841-844 晝(Zu) 眠(Myeon) 夕(Seog) 寐(Mae). My husband! The candle seems to sleep. Apparently the silent candle sleeps (眠) at daytime (晝), and it sleeps (寐) also at night (夕). The candle seems to be motionless. But the candle burns itself with the really strong power! It shows the attitude of my wife Hyeonhi. She has grown our five children silently with her whole effort! 845-848 藍(Nam) 筍(Soon) 象(Sang) 床(Sang). My husband! The elephant is the biggest animal in the world. We prepare a small table (床) on the back of the elephant (象). And again, on the table, the green-colored (藍) bamboo plant produces its leaves and its stems (筍). This figure imagines my father Ilsoo Joseph who has moved the toilet material into his field for his children and for his wife Bohwa Maria.

There was a book, ‘The thousand character essay’. It is called in Korea as ‘Tcheonzamun’ (Han, 1583). The meaning of ‘Tcheonzamun’ is ‘The thousand character essay’. And in Chinese character it is written as ‘千字文’. The history of this book is not known well. There are two methods for translation. One is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021b). The other is through the meaning of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021a). Additionally, there is a deleting method (Kim, 2023). The range of this work is (Tcheonzamun 849th-864th). Han (1583) thought that it is created by Chinese people. The French Missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that ‘The thousand character essay’ was well utilized by Chinese people and Korean people from the ancient period. The title of this work is ‘My husband! In order for you to say “All is well!” (Tcheonzamun 849th-864th)’. The theme of this research is as follows. 853-856 接(Zeob) 杯(Bae) 擧(Geo) 觴(Sang). 853-856 接(Zeob)-小-扌-女=亠. 杯(Bae)-扌-丶=不. 擧(Geo)-小-亍-夕-(乂乂)=丨丨. 觴(Sang)-亍-丶-夕=刀冂人曰. Here, 女 is similar to (乂乂). My husband! In order for you to say “All (亠) is well (不)!”. Please do not (冂) use the violence (刀) to me (your wife). My husband! You and me, we (人) must continue (丨) our conversation, and we have to keep (丨) talking (曰).

This work is propelled by the alarming rate at which poverty has continued to increase, thereby aiding socio-economic challenges in Nigeria. The work through the application of the ARDL and ECM framework of data analysis on secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria, calibrated the impact of international trade on poverty reduction in Nigeria from 1981-2021. The result of the study has proven that the relationship between the nation's non-oil export and poverty is negative. However, evidence from the study more so alludes that the country's export of crude oil overtime has not had any meaningful effect of reducing poverty in Nigeria, rather the rate of poverty has continued to rise with the increase in oil exports. Empirical evidence from the study further revealed that Nigeria's imports within the scope of the work has had a significant negative relationship with poverty, which negates the theoretical condition of their expected relationship. Hence, to overturn this positive trend between oil exports and poverty rate, the Nigerian government needs to train and equip the unskilled poor Nigerian with requisite skills and knowledge that would make them gainfully employed in the oil industry, more so the country is admonished to restrict its imports to just commodities that cannot be produced locally.

Nigeria is a nation comprising different ethnic groups. Each ethnic group is distinct from the other as the people are bounded by a unique belief system. Being bounded by a belief system – tradition and culture, the people live gregariously in a particular place – society. The distinguishing factor of societies is culture. Culture entails the totality of the way of life of a people including the people’s language. As a binding factor of a society, distinguishing each society from the other, it is therefore a popular belief that juxtaposition of two alien cultures heralds conflict. The belief system of any society is understood through parsing of the society’s folklore. Even as culture differs from society to society, the researchers are of the view that certain aspects of folklore of societies overlap. In this paper, therefore, the researchers appraise the customary aspect of folklore with the aim to explore the areas of affinity in the Igbo and Yoruba belief system.

Currently, intellectual property violations are serious and tend to increase, especially in the education system, including the vocational education system. Lack of understanding of intellectual property regulations has unintentionally led to many cases of violation without even knowing it. This is necessary to improve people’s understanding of intellectual property and have appropriate behavior. This shows that appropriate propaganda activities are needed to improve this situation. Based on reference to State documents on intellectual property; surveying 300 people who are students, teachers, staff, and administrators at several vocational education institutions, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the current situation, point out the position, role, and importance the importance of intellectual property propaganda activities in the vocational education system, pointing out the causes of limitations and inadequacies; from there, propose solutions to improve the quality of intellectual property propaganda activities in the vocational education system in the future.

This work focused on the love among the members of the family (Park et al., 2021b; Kim, 2023). Generally speaking, ‘the thousand character essay’ has the theme of ‘the loyal of the servants to the king’. The thousand character essay is called in Korea as ‘Tcheonzamun’ (Han, 1583). French Missionary Dallet (1874) introduced in his book the ‘Tcheonzamun’ to the Western World. The object of this work is the translation of a part of ‘the thousand character essay’. The range of this study is (Tcheonzamun 865th-880th), and the unit of these 16 letters is called as Tcheonzamun poem (Park et al., 2021a; Park et al., 2021b; Kim, 2023). On the present work, the translating method through the meaning of Chinese character (Park et al., 2021 a) was used. This is the work of translation of the poem of ‘the thousand character essay’. The title of this work is ‘When I ate the fried sweet potato which Hyeonhi has bought for me at the road side (Tcheonzamun 865th-880th)’. The theme of this research is as follows. 869-872 祭(Ze) 祀(Sa) 蒸(Zeung) 嘗(Sang). My husband! Do you want me to prepare the memorial ceremony (祭) for your deceased ancestors especially for your mother and your father (祀)? It is solely possible (蒸) when I have got the love (嘗) of your mother and that of your father.