: A method of increasing the power generated by the solar battery under reduced solar radiation using an additional source is considered. The method is based on the activation of a silicon semiconductor element by applying additional voltage to the p-n junction. As a result of the experiments, an increase in the power and efficiency of the solar battery by 25-30% was obtained.

Low power is the prime requirement to design power efficient VLSI circuits for portable electronic system. This paper presents a two modified approximate adder at 45nm technology. Performance of proposed adder is evaluated in terms of power dissipation, power delay product and compared with conventional full adder design. All the simulations are carried out using 45nm technology at 1.1v supply voltage at 500MHzas well as 1 GHz frequency. It can be seen from the results that leakage power reduces 71% for 1-bit approximate adder and energy consumption reduces upto82% while having dynamic power dissipation in acceptable range with marginal increase in delay.

Wireless Sensor Networks are generally consists of various static or mobile sensor nodes that create a self-organized system in a multi-hop manner. Wireless Sensor Networks are considered as the main component to analyze the surroundings so as to utilize the sensor data for further processing such as weather prediction, health related predictions of a patient, traffic control and so forth. In these conditions, the network’s sensor nodes are estimated to perform individually in the field for a long time, as it is not possible to recharge or replace the battery of the sensor nodes. Therefore, the depletion of a single sensor node may affect the processing of the entire network. Due to early energy depletion of the nodes, the concept of Cluster Head (CH) selection has included. This concept has a major impact on energy utilization of the network. Several clustering protocols, and optimization techniques are used for maintaining the energy efficiency in wireless sensor network and few of them are discussed in this work. This paper offers an overview of the work that has been done by many authors.