Abstract: This case report evaluates the management of crowding in a female patient having a Class I malocclusion with the help of conventional fixed appliance mechano-therapy. The case required extraction of 3 premolars for correction of the proclined, forwardly placed and crowded upper and lower anterior teeth. Clinical and cephalometric evaluation revealed Class I skeletal pattern and clinical examination revealed presence of an orthognathic facial profile, an average to vertical growth pattern, increased overjet and average overbite, crowding in maxillary and mandibular anterior region, potentially incompetent lips, increased lip fullness and lip strain, a gummy smile with an unaesthetic flat smile arc and increased buccal corridor spaces. Following fixed orthodontic treatment by removal of 3 premolars and with retraction of anterior segment, a marked improvement in patient's smile, facial profile and occlusion was achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life. The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy.

Abstract: In young patients, tooth movement is affected by growth while in adults we deal strictly with tooth movement alone. In addition, orthodontic treatment in the adults is often based on symptoms detected by the patient while in children; it is based more often on signs detected by practitioners or parents. Of equal significance is the fact that the adults seeks treatment more often for esthetic reasons and hence is likely to have unreasonable expectations about the outcome of the treatment, is less adaptable to the appliance and is uncompromising in his/her appraisal of the treatment results. This case report evaluates the management of crowding in a female patient with a Class II malocclusion with conventional fixed appliance mechano-therapy by using Temporary anchorage devices for the purpose of absolute anchorage. The case required extraction of 1st premolars for correction of the proclined, forwardly placed and crowded upper and lower anterior teeth. Clinical and cephalometric evaluation revealed skeletal Class I pattern and clinical examination revealed presence of an orthognathic facial profile, an average to horizontal growth pattern, increased overjet and overbite, crowding in maxillary and mandibular anterior region, incompetent lips, increased lip fullness and lip strain, a gummy smile with an unaesthetic reverse smile arc and a decreased nasolabial angle. Following fixed orthodontic treatment by removal of all 1st premolars and with retraction of anterior segment, a marked improvement in patient's smile, facial profile and occlusion was achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life. The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy.

Abstract: Introduction: The non-surgical periodontal therapy consists of ultrasonic scaling and full mouth disinfection. Ultra sonic scaling is conventionally done in weekly sessions, performed quadrant wise. The Full Mouth Disinfection approach aims to prevent re-infection of already treated periodontal sites by pathogens that reside on other sites and thus improve the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Anxiety, fear and pain experience represent significant problems in the dental practice and are significant factors that discourage the demand for treatment. Thus it interferes in the management of patients during dental treatment. Aim: To evaluate the clinical effects of two different forms of non-surgical periodontal therapy, ultrasonic scaling versus one-stage full-mouth disinfection to the patient based on questionnaire such as Dental Fear Survey, Dental Anxiety Scale and Visual Analogue Scale Materials And Methods: Dental Fear Survey and Dental Anxiety Scale questionnaires and Visual Analogue Scale were applied to 30 patients randomized into two groups. Group I consists of 15 patients who underwent ultrasonic scaling; Group II consists of 15 patients who underwent one stage full mouth disinfection. Periodontal clinical parameters were monitored at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: All the clinical parameters are found to be statistically significant results in the FMD group. There was no significant differences between treatment groups with respect to gender, age, income and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: It is concluded that FMD group showed better improvements in clinical parameters when compared to ultrasonic scaling group, but didn’t show any difference with respect to fear, anxiety and pain experiences.