Background & Aim: Smoking represents a very significant epigenetic risk factor for not only the development of periodontitis, but also influences its severity and reduces treatment response. An anti-oxidant, resveratrol (trihydroxystilbene) blocks neutrophil recruitment and oxidative bursts, lessen oral inflammatory load, thereby reducing clinical manifestations of periodontitis. Material and Methods: Fifteen smoker male patients with an age range of 31–50 years and suffering from moderate to severe periodontitis (stage III periodontitis, clinical attachment loss ≥5, mostly horizontal bone loss) with clear medical history were included in the study. Using a split mouth design, sites were randomly allocated using a coin-flip method into two groups; Control group (Group I) received locally delivered resveratrol gel in all sites with probing depth ≥ 5 mm after SRP. Test sites (Group II) received only subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) + placebo gel. Both gels application were repeated at 7, 14 and 21 days. Gingival crevicular fluid samples for evaluation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme were collected and clinical parameters [plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding index (BI)] were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months evaluation periods. Results: Baseline values showed no significant differences between the two groups for all the studied parameters. After applying student’s Paired t-test, results showed a statistically significant decrease in PI and BI from baseline to 6 months in both groups as compared to their baseline value P<0.05. While PPD and CAL group I (control group) showed statistical significant decrease up to 3 months only followed by increase in their mean scores reaching the baseline value while in group II there are significant decrease up to 3 months followed by slight increase at 6 months but still statistically significant reduction as compared to the baseline values P<0.05. Regarding SOD levels were significantly improved in test sites when compared with control sites. Conclusion: Smokers patients treated with resveratrol demonstrated earlier responses to treatment compared to those on SRP only study demonstrated the potential benefits of resveratrol, as an adjunctive treatment to SRP. Further research should be conducted with larger cohorts to examine the benefits of resveratrol in patients with periodontal diseases, particularly those with co-morbidities or those who don’t like surgery.

Aims and objective: Acrylic teeth often get debonded from the denture bases. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparative evaluation of different mechanical modifications and surface treatment of denture teeth on shear bond strength between TREVALON heat cure resin and cross-liked acrylic teeth. Materials and Methods: A statistically significant no. of the test specimens i.e. maxillary right central incisors [11] were collected and further divided into 4 groups. Group 1: control, whereas group 2, group 3 and group 4 were experimental groups. These experimental test groups included surface roughening of ridge lap with sandpaper grit no -100, T-shaped groove, and T-shaped groove painted with dicloromethane, respectively. The preparation of masterpiece was done by aligning the long axis of the central incisor teeth at 45° to the base of a wax block, with ridge lap surface contacting the base. These test specimens were prepared by using TREVALON heat cure resin. A shear load was applied at palatal surface of central incisor [11] using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) until failure occurred. Results: Group 1 or Control Group specimens prepared by TREVALON heat cure resin showed the lowest shear bond strength value whereas Group 4 specimens prepared with T shaped groove along with application of dicloromethane packed with TREVALON showed the highest shear bond strength value. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the specimens prepared with T shaped groove by application of dicloromethane packed with Trevalon heat cure resin showed highest bond strength value, therefore this modification can be recommended as a reliable method to secure denture teeth in denture bases.

Background: Endodontic procedures sometimes exhibit compromising factors that indicate an alternative surgical approach to conventional non-surgical treatment. (e.g. exodontia, hemisection etc.). To derive benefit of the osseous height and width, as well as the natural tooth angulation, immediate placement of implants after extraction is a reasonable alternative treatment. Methodology: In this study, 32 titanium alloy implants were inserted immediately after extraction of teeth diagnosed during endodontic surgery as having root fractures, perforations, or endodontic-periodontal complications. Results: After 4 to 6 months of osseointegration, implant failure pertaining to lack of integration was seen only in one implant while the remaining implants were prosthetically restored. Sixteen months after occlusal loading, bone loss of -1.5 mm was seen for the 31 implants remaining. Conclusion: The reliability of immediate implants following tooth extraction due to endodontic complications is thus well analysed and investigated through present study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with its origin in Wuhan, China, has become one of the most deadly pandemics in the history of mankind. It has posed major public health challenge not just for China but almost every country around the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the unprecedented pandemic of the novel coronavirus as a major public health emergency of international concern with attempts at preparing the corona vaccine by top biotechnology and pharma companies of the world. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and apprehension towards dental treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic among Indian subjects. Dentists too participated in the study. Method: The study population consisted of Indian subjects with a minimum qualification of high school. An online questionnaire was sent to a sample of 650 subjects both male and female in March 2020. The questionnaire was comprised of a series of questions about subjects’ demographic characteristics; their awareness of the COVID-19 and their perception towards dental treatment. Results: This study included a total of 650 aged 20-70 years (mean 36.9 years with a standard deviation of 10.5 years) participants. A total of 446 subjects responded to questionnaire. A total of 29.1% subjects had completed their masters, 52.2% had received knowledge of corona virus from news, and 30.5% had read about COVID-19 from official websites. A total of 71.3% participants showed reluctance in undertaking dental treatment during pandemic. The majority of participants (60.5%) believed that dental setups could be a potential source of infection of COVID-19 and thus avoided visiting dentists. Most of them (69.7%) adhered to medicines rather than getting dental treatment done. Most of them (96.6%) agreed not to hide any symptoms of COVID-19 from the dentist. 54.7% agreed to undergo a screening test for the virus. 93.7% participants refrained from cosmetic and esthetic procedures during pandemic and 54.7% believed that these unprecedented times would impact cost of dental procedures. Conclusions: Subjects were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission of the virus, screening test and in-home precautions/measures to be taken. However, subjects had limited comprehension of the extra precautionary measures that protect them during dental procedures. Most of them refrained from visiting dentists and avoided esthetic procedures.

This study aimed to assess the perceived stress as well as the sources of stress among undergraduate dental students of private dental college of Lahore. Data of crossectional research was collected from 100 dental students using convenient sampling. The results of One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between gender and Perceived stressors among dental students in terms of Self-efficacy beliefs (P=0.027), Faculty and administration (P=0.01), Workload (P=.002), Patient Treatment (P=.001), Clinical training (P=.001), and Performance Pressure (P=.011), whereas Social Stressors ru5difference was found insignificant among both genders (P=.20). In conclusion, higher level of stress caused by stressors in terms of Self-efficacy beliefs, Faculty and administration, Workload, Patient Treatment, Clinical training, and Performance Pressure are found more in female dental students as compared to male dental students.