In crowdfunding publishing projects, different strategies are adopted for investors with varying levels of needs. Such targeted measures can attract more investors to participate in the project. The application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory to crowdfunding publishing has certain practical significance, yet research in this area is currently lacking. Based on the Hierarchy of Needs theory, this paper analyzes the motivations of investors in crowdfunding publishing projects and, according to the analysis, formulates countermeasures from three perspectives: project initiators, crowdfunding platforms, and relevant national departments.

The rapid expansion of the digital economy has significantly transformed the banking sector in emerging economies, particularly through the adoption of digital banking channels. In Bangladesh, commercial banks have increasingly deployed mobile and online banking applications, Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Point of Sale (POS) services, and Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) to enhance service delivery. However, customer satisfaction outcomes remain inconsistent. This study examines the impact of key digital banking channels on bank customers’ satisfaction in Bangladesh within a digital economy framework. A survey research design was employed, and primary data were collected from 372 bank customers across Dhaka, Chattogram, and Khulna divisions using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 25. The results reveal that mobile and online banking applications, USSD services, and ATM services have a positive and statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction. Conversely, POS services exhibit a significant negative relationship with customer satisfaction, indicating service reliability and operational challenges. Overall, the findings confirm that digital economy-driven banking channels significantly influence customer satisfaction in Bangladesh. The study provides practical implications for bank managers to improve digital service quality and for policymakers to strengthen regulatory frameworks that support sustainable digital banking and financial inclusion. This research contributes to the digital banking literature by offering an integrated assessment of multiple digital channels in an emerging economy context.

Since the 1970s, human thought has witnessed major transformations found in the emergence of new concepts such as the knowledge economy, sustainable development and globalization in its new guise, and then the digital economy in the mid-1990s. In addition, foreign direct investment has emerged as an economic activity and one of the aspects of international relations and is consistent with these transformations. The research included four topics, the first of which is something in the concept of the knowledge economy, the second is something in foreign direct investment, the third is the knowledge economy as an engine to attract foreign direct investment, and the fourth is Iraq between the knowledge economy and attracting foreign direct investment. The research came out with conclusions, including that the development of human capital is the key to the knowledge economy and the main engine to attract foreign investment, and then Iraq's lack of elements of the knowledge economy was a major disruption to attracting this investment, especially administrative and financial corruption and the faltering dealing with information and communication technology. The most important of the research recommendations was the need for an educational, scientific, research, technological, informational and digital environment to support creativity, innovation and invention , as well as the need to establish a supreme council for the knowledge economy in the state , and also the formation of e-government as the starting point for the knowledge economy and make this prevail all the activities of state institutions, as well as ensuring the availability of the appropriate investment climate.